• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2011

To identify the inflow and outflow characteristics of allchthonous organic matters and examine the change of allochthonous organic matter load pattern due to the climate change, we investigated the temporal variations of DOC and POC concentrations within inflow water and dam discharge water and spatio-temporal distribution of POM within the lake water in Lake Soyang which is the largest dam reservoir in Korea in 2006. Most of allochthonous DOC flowed into the lake water during initial rain and was not affected by the amount of precipitation, whereas most of allochthonous POC flowed into during concentrated heavy rain and the concentration of POC was significantly associated with the amount of inflow water and precipitation. Calculated annual allochthonous organic matter loads in Lake Soyang from 2003 to 2006 using the regression equation between the amount of inflow water and the concentration of POC indicate allochthonous organic matter loads are mainly affected by total influx and extreme influx of inflow water. The spatio-temporal distribution of POM indicated allochthonous organic matter of inflow river during flood period in July transported from upper part to middle and lower part of the lake a month later respectively along the middle layer of water column in Lake Soyang.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.1 s.79
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• pp.111-124
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• 2004

This research is a part of a research program to verify the seismic performance of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns with respect to longitudinal steel connection details under cyclic lateral load. A total of 21 column specimens were constructed and tested. Main variables in this test program were longitudinal steel connection details(continuous, lap-spliced, and mechanically connected), confinement steel ratio, and axial force ratio, etc. The test results of the columns with different longitudinal steel connection details showed different failure mode, strength degradation, and seismic performance. From the quasi-static test, it was found that the columns with all longitudinal reinforcement lap-spliced showed significantly reduced ductility. However, seismic performance of the columns with half of longitudinal reinforcement lap-spliced showed limited ductility but much more ductile behaviour than the columns with all longitudinal reinforcement lap-spliced. It was also found that the seismic performance, failure mode and strength degradation of columns with mechanical connected longitudinal reinforcement were similar to those of columns with continuous longitudinal reinforcement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.675-687
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• 2019

As the bridges are an integral part of the transportation network, their function as one of the most important vital arteries during an earthquake is fundamental. In a design point of view, the bridges piers, and in particular the wall piers, are considered as effective structural elements in the seismic response of bridge structures due to their cantilever performance. Owing to reduced seismic load during design procedure, the response of these structural components should be ductile. This ductile behavior has a direct and decisive correlation to the development of plastic hinge region at the base of the wall pier. Several international seismic design codes and guidelines have suggested special detailing to assure ductile response in this region. In this paper, the parameters which affect the length of plastic hinge region in the reinforced concrete bridge with wall piers were examined and the sensitivity of these parameters was evaluated on the length of the plastic hinge region. Sensitivity analysis was accomplished by independently variable parameters with one standard deviation away from their means. For this aim, the Monte Carlo simulation, tornado diagram analysis, and first order second moment method were used to determine the uncertainties associated with analysis parameters. The results showed that, among the considered design variables, the aspect ratio of the pier wall (length to width ratio) and axial load level were the most important design parameters in the plastic hinge region, while the yield strength of transverse reinforcements had the least effect on determining the length of this region.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2010

This study has attempted to suggest a proper reinforcement method by strengthening unbonded post -tensioning through height of an anchorage hole, form of a saddle, and loading time point as parameters and evaluating the reinforcement method through a bending experiment. The result of this experiment indicated effects of reinforcement since the maximum strength ratio(the ratio of an experimental value to theoretical value) of SC composite beams before prestressed was 0.97 and after prestress were 1.00~1.21. As a result of analysis on displacement and strain, irrespective of height of an anchorage hole and loading time point, the D120-series specimen where an anchorage hole was installed on the neutral axis after reinforcement showed that its deflection continuously increased without sudden load reduction after maximum load and it stably behaved with relatively low strain of each part. In terms of reinforcement effects, the maximum strength of SCR-UD120 specimen prestressed after pre-loading was increased 1.72 times comparing to SC composite beams so SCR-UD120 specimen prestressed after pre-loading was shown to be the best.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.101-117
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• 2018

Companies are responding appropriately to the rapidly changing business environment and striving to lead those changes. As part of that, we are meeting our strategic goals through IT projects, which increase the number of simultaneous projects and the importance of project portfolio management for successful project execution. It also strives for efficient deployment of human resources that have the greatest impact on project portfolio management. In the early stages of project portfolio management, it is very important to establish a reasonable manpower plan and allocate performance personnel. This problem is a problem that can not be solved by linear programming because it is calculated through the standard deviation of the input ratio of professional manpower considering the uniformity of load allocated to the input development manpower and the importance of each project. In this study, genetic algorithm, one of the heuristic methods, was applied to solve this problem. As the objective function, we used the proper input ratio of projects, the input rate of specialist manpower for important projects, and the equal load of workload by manpower. Constraints were not able to input duplicate manpower, Was used as a condition. We also developed a program for efficient application of genetic algorithms and confirmed the execution results. In addition, the parameters of the genetic algorithm were variously changed and repeated test results were selected through the independent sample t test to select optimal parameters, and the improvement effect of about 31.2% was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

It is widely known that the level of fire resistance of wooden structure is determined by a charring rate or charring depth, and these are adopted for fire design. In this study, specimens of domestic larch column with a lamination wooden type were prepared and the fire resistance properties such as the charring depth, load ratio and the specific charring rate suggested by EN Code investigated. Test results showed that as expected, the weakest part was the corner of the column, so that the charring depth of the corner was deeper than the other parts of the column. For the load ratio less than 0.9, it had little effect on the charring depth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.655-664
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• 2006

The purpose of thisanalytical study of an iTECH composite beam subjected to fire conditions is to determine the beam's fire resistance performance using its load ratio and fire protection as parameters. A composite structural system is expected to have a safer and more economical fire safety design than a mere collection of isolated members.heat transfer analysis was performed on the basis of the finite element program ANSYS 10.0 using an ISO834 standard fire, following the main guidelines proposed by EC1 Part 2.2 and EC4 Part 1.2. To validate the analytical simulation of the iTECH composite beam, comparison of the experimental tests was proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.819-838
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• 2013

This paper summarises the results of an experimental study to investigate the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate in four-point bending. The experimental parameters included are the reinforcing bar ratio ${\rho}_s$ and preload level. Four bar ratios were selected (${\rho}_s=0.13$ to 0.86%), representing the section of two longitudinal tensile reinforcements, with diameters of 8, 14, 16, and 20 mm in order to reveal the effect of bar ratio on failure load and failure mode. Eight beams that could be considered "full-scale" in size, measuring 200 mm in width, 400 mm in total height and 2300 mm in length, were tested. Three beams were selected with different bar ratios (${\rho}_1$, ${\rho}_2$, ${\rho}_3$), and considered as control specimens (without ), while three other beams identical to the control beams with the same CFRP laminates ratio and a seventh beam with ${\rho}_{min}$ (the lowest bar ratio) were also used. In the second part of the study, two beams with the bar ratio ${\rho}_2$ were preloaded at two levels, 50 and 100% of their ultimate loads, and then repaired. This experimental investigation was consolidated using an analytical model. The experimental and analytical results indicate that the flexional capacity and stiffness of strengthened and repaired beams using CFRP laminate were increased compared to those of control beams, and the behaviour of repaired beams was nearly similar to the undamaged and strengthened beams; unlike the ductility of strengthened beams, which was greatly reduced compared to the control.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the moment resistance of glulam post-to-base connections by applying quasi-static cyclic loads. The connectors consisted of inserted plates and drifted pins according to the load direction. The connection types employed in this study were total three including two unidirectional types (H, V) and the multi-directional type (M). The moment resistance of 8 mm-plate M-type is compared to 6 mm plate. Total four types of Post-to-base connection are prepared and tested under pseudo-static reversed cyclic loading. Test results showed that the yield moment of multi-directional connection is about 2 times higher than that uni-directional connections. The ductility ratio of multi-directional connection determined by EEEP was higher that that of uni-directional connection. It was becoming higher as the thickness of plate is increased. The Finite Element Analysis was conducted to estimate the stress distribution behavior of tested connections. Results showed the failure of multi-directional type were caused by the split of pined hole and the shear failure of lifted part of post.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.178-181
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• 2008

Cylindrical stainless-steel/sodium heat pipe for a high-temperature application was manufactured and tested for transient and steady-state operations. The container material was made of stainless-steel 316, and the working fluid was sodium. Stainless-steel 316 mesh screen was inserted as a capillary structure. The working fluid fill charge ratio was approximately 64 $\sim$ 181% based on the pore space of the wick. The outer diameter of the heat pipe was 12.7 mm and the total length was 250 mm. The evaporator part was 150 mm and the condenser 80 mm. The performance test of the heat pipe has been conducted in the furnace with up to 800 W. The variation of the average heat transfer coefficient was investigated as a function of heat flux and vapor temperature. As input thermal load increased, it was showed that difference of temperatures in evaporator and condenser decreased and that operating section and heat transfer characteristics at the heat pipe increased.