• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-47
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• 2020

Tuberculosis of parotid gland is extremely rare, even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. It can occur by systemic dissemination from a distant focus or as primary involvement. Because of the clinical and radiological similarity, parotid tumor and parotid inflammatory disease take priority over the tuberculosis of parotid when it comes to differential diagnosis. As a result, clinicians often fail to make a timely diagnosis of tuberculosis of parotid gland in patient with a slowly growing parotid mass. However, its treatment is primarily medical if the positive diagnosis is well established. We have recently experienced a case of tuberculosis of parotid gland that was considered as the benign tumor preoperatively, but which was confirmed as tuberculosis of parotid gland after extracapsular dissection. We report it with a review of literature.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2018

Depression of facial contour after parotidectomy is still challenging to many of surgeons. A 68-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of a painless swelling in both parotid area. The mass was multiple and fixed at the parotid region. We conducted a parotid duct preserving bilateral superficial parotidectomy by one-stage operation to remove the multiple tumors. A lazy S incision was made in both preauricular area and the peripheral branches of the facial nerve were identified using surgical landmark. After dissecting the branches of the facial nerve and parotid duct, main parotid duct was preserved but only small fine ductules from the superficial lobe were ligated. Parotid gland was excised from its anterior aspect with about 1 cm of normal parotid tissue margin. The patient was followed up for 6 years to evaluate postoperative parotid gland function and the computed tomography (CT) was taken. Patient was satisfied with no significant complication such as sunken changes in facial contour, facial nerve function. As far as we know, it is the first study to compare long-term soft tissue contours of soft tissue of duct preserving superficial parotidectomy with duct sacrificing superficial parotidectomy by means of CT findings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.451-458
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• 1999

Purpose : To determine normal CT number range of parotid gland by analyzing the change by age increase and the difference among individuals and between both sexes in CT number of normal parotid gland. Materials & Methods : 134 subjects who took the CT scan between the period of Jan. 1996 and Dec. 1997 at Yonsei University, Dental Hospital were selected. Criteria for selection were that the patients must be within the normal range clinically and radiologically, and the entire parotid gland on the axial view must be shown. Among the axial views. the one showing the greatest parotid gland size was selected and its CT number was recorded. Also. CT numbers from both masseter muscle were recorded as its control. Results : There was statistically significant correlation between CT number of right and left of parotid glands and masseter muscles. With the increase of age. there is a significant decrease in the CT number of parotid gland(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in CT number between sexes except the 7th decade and beyond age group of parotid gland(p>0.05). Conclusion : As age increases, CT number of parotid gland has a tendency to decrease, and there is no significant difference in the CT numbers between left and right parotid gland. Therefore in the CT scan of patients suspected of having a salivary gland disease of the parotid gland. to consider normal range of the age-dependent CT numbers of parotid gland and compare the CT numbers of the right and left parotid gland might be useful in diagnosing the disease.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

Background: When using the anterior approach for performing superficial parotidectomy, the first thing to do is to find the buccal branch of the facial nerve and the parotid duct. The buccal branch usually runs transversely with the parotid duct from the anterior border of the parotid gland. We wanted to check the relationship between the two structures during the operation and to get clinically helpful information. Methods: Twelve patients with parotid mass were treated with superficial parotidectomy between May 2012 and August 2012. The outline of superficial and deep lobes of the parotid gland, parotid duct, and the buccal branch of the facial nerve were drawn on the transparent film by tracing the structures intraoperatively. Results: In 7 (58.3%) of 12 cases, the buccal branch of the facial nerve was located more caudally than the parotid duct at the anterior border of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. In 3 cases (25%), the buccal branch was located more cephalically than the parotid duct. The mean distance between two structures were $2.54{\pm}1.48$ mm. In 11 cases, the parotid duct was located deeper than the buccal branch. Conclusion: The buccal branch of the facial nerve tends to be located more caudally than parotid duct and runs more superficially than parotid duct in all cases. We identified the relationship between the parotid duct and the buccal branch of the facial nerve during the operations on living subjects, not from the cadavers, so it would be a clinically helpful study which supplied more accurate anatomical information.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-131
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to present a case of persistent parotid fistula treated successfully with preoperative botulinum toxin type A injection into the parotid parenchyma, followed by fistulectomy. Methods: A 72-year-old female patient presented to the hospital with a 5-month history of clear, watery discharge from a tiny opening on the left cheek, which increased during food intake. A chemistry test of the fluid revealed an high amylase level. An ultrasonography of left parotid gland showed a $1.13{\times}0.6cm$ sized fistula. After demarcating the left parotid gland with assistance of ultrasonography, a total 40 units of botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Allergan, Irvine, CA) was injected into 4 subdivisions of the left parotid gland. The clear serous discharge ceased completely on the 5th day after botulinum toxin injection. On the 7th day, a fistulectomy was performed under the local anesthesia. Results: The parotid fistula healed completely without complications. During the 6-month follow up period, there was no discharge from the cheek. Conclusion: On the basis of our experience with type A botulinum toxin as a local anticholinergic agent in treating parotid fistula, preoperative botulinum toxin A injection seems to be very useful to prevent recurrence after fistulectomy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2007

Purpose: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare tumor that arises in glandular tissues of the head and neck region and sometimes has a protracted clinical course with perineural invasion and delayed onset of distant lung metastasis. Treatment failure of salivary ACC is most often associated with perineural and hematogenous tumor spread. However, very little has been known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of perineural invasion and hematogenous distant metastasis of parotid ACC. This study was designed to develop an orthotopic tumor model of parotid adenoid cystic carcinoma in athymic nude mice. Experimental Design: A melanoma cell line was injected into the parotid gland of athymic mice to determine whether such implantation was technically feasible. A parotid ACC cell line was then injected into the parotid gland or the subcutaneous tissue of athymic mice at various concentrations of tumor cells, and the mice were thereafter followed for development of tumor nodule. The tumors were examined histopathologically for perineural invasion or regional or distant lung metastasis. We used an oral squmous cell carcinoma cell line as control. Results: Implantation of tumor(melanoma) cell suspension into the parotid gland of nude mice was technically feasible and resulted in the formation of parotid tumors. A parotid ACC cell line, ACC3 showed no significantly higher tumorigenicity, but showed significantly higher lung metastatic potential in the parotid gland than in the subcutis. In contrast, mucosal squmous cell carcinoma cell line doesn’t show significantly higher lung metastatic potential in the parotid gland than in the subcutis. The ACC tumor established in the parotid gland seemed to demonstrate perineural invasion of facial nerve, needs further study. Conclusion: An orthotopic tumor model of salivary ACC in athymic nude mice was successfully developed that closely recapitulates the clinical situations of human salivary ACC. This model should facilitate the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumorigenisis and metastasis of salivary ACC and aid in the development of targeted molecular therapies of salivary ACC.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2000

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects salivary, lacrimal and other exocrine glands. We report a case of Sjogren's syndrome combined with MALT (mucose associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma which occured in the parotid gland. A 57-year-old female with the complaint of painful swelling and lymph node enlargement was referred to our department. Sialograms of both parotid glands showed globular collections of contrast material uniformly distributed throughout the parotid gland. Salivary scintigraphy showed decreased uptake of the parotid gland. CT scan showed larger, slightly more dense parotid gland than normal and honeycomb glandular appearance. Also, It showed discrete, slightly more enhanced round mass in the left parotid gland. Histopathological finding showed replacement of salivary gland parenchyma with dense small lymphocytic infiltration having the feature of epimyoepithelial islands. Kappa light chain restriction of interglandular plasma cell could be seen.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Surgical approaches to the condylar fracture include intraoral, preauricular, submandibular, and retromandibular approaches. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. When a patient needs esthetic results and an intraoral approach is not feasible, the transmasseteric antero-parotid facelift approach is considered. This approach permits direct exposure and allow the surgeon to fixate the fractured unit tangentially. Tangential fixation is critical to osteosynthesis. Disadvantages of the transmasseteric antero-parotid facelift approach include damage to the facial nerve and a longer operation time. However, after the initial learning curve, facial nerve damage can be avoided and operation time may decrease. We report three cases of subcondylar fractures that were treated with a transmasseteric antero-parotid facelift approach. Among these, two cases had trivial complications that were easily overcome. Instead of dissecting through the parotid gland parenchyma, the transmasseteric antero-parotid facelift approach uses transmasseteric dissection and reduces facial nerve damage more than the retromandibular transparotid approach. The esthetic result is superior to that of other approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2017

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on the parotid gland is a relatively rare occurrence among head and neck tumors. The mass of parotid gland lymphoma cannot be distinguished from other benign masses of the parotid gland; therefore, it is important to consider lymphoma in the differential diagnosis when examining parotid swellings and masses. Parotid gland lymphoma is most likely to be B-cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of one of three types, which include follicular, marginal zone, and diffuse large B-cell, although other histologic patterns have been described. We present a review of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Pusan National University Hospital (Yangsan, Korea).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.247-255
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polymorphism in parotid middle-band protein(Pm) of the patients with diabetes mellitus. Saliva from the parotid glands was collected from 60 healthy Korean who were live in Kwan-ju and from 33 diabetes mellitus patients who had more than 140mg/dl of fasting blood sugar for on week. In the saliva collected from parotid glands, Pm was analyzed to evaluate the distribution of phenotype using acid-urea starch gel elecrophores is The following results were obtained : 1. The phenotypes of parotid middle band protein(Pm) observed in parotid saliva of the control group(60 people) were Pm(+) in 38 people (63.3%) and Pm(-) in 22 people (36.7%). The gene frequency of Pm+ was0.394, and that of Pm- was 0.606. 2. The phenotypes of parotid middle band protein(Pm) observed in parotid saliva of the diabetes mellitus patient group(33 patients) were Pm(+) n 21 patients(63.6%) and Pm(-) in 12 patients (36.4%). The gene frequency of Pm+ was 0.397, and that of Pm- was 0.693 3. Pm dose not have significant differences between phenotypes on both the control group and the diabetes mellitus patient group.