• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1978

Epiphytic lichens were sampled quantitatively on the cherry trees (Prunus serrulata) at Jeonju and Hadong along both north and south exposures of tat trees. Coverage of lichens was determinated for each species by 10*20cm quadrat. Lichen species diversities such as total diversity (D), mean diversity (D), Shannon diversity (D') and redundancy (R) were estimated according to Brillouin and Shannon equation. The importance value of lichen species was meassured by niche preemption model, The importance value transformed into some fraction k of the niche space. The value of k was compared with aggregation of lichens communities in to areas. The ten most important awariensis, Parmelia incurva, Parmelia crinita, Dirinaria applanta, Parmelia wallichiana, Parmelia austrosinensis and Cetraria platyphylla. The mean coverage epiphytic lichens on north side of tree was higher than of south side in two areas. The species diversities of epiphytic lichen of two areas shows that a change in the value of D' along vertical was not paralled with the D and R. In Kumsan-sa, D, D and D' increased upward along the tree of north exposure, but did not follow this trend in south, However in Sangge-sa, D, D and D' of both sides increased.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2000

An inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was identified in extracts of medicinal lichens, Parmelia austrosinensis and P. praesorediosa. The extracts retained almost all of their original activities when treated with heat, acid and alkaline conditions, and some hydrolytic enzymes. Partially purified inhibitor showed strong inhibition against disaccharide hydrolytic enzymes of mammalian and mold origin, but weak or no inhibition against polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes except glucoamylase. The inhibitors from the two Parmelia sp. showed almost same retention time in HPLC. The inhibitor suppressed elevation of blood glucose level in rats after oral administration of soluble starch or sucrose.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 1980

Two hundred and forty specimens of lichens were collected in Mt. Deokyoo located in Moojoo-Gun, Jeonlabuk-Do during the period of May 1 to September 30, 1979. Among them, 20 species of genus Parmelia are identified by utilizing Yoshimura's key. The following seventeen species of genus Parmelia are newly added to Korean flora: P. piedomontensis, P. subtamigera, P. mexicana, P. taractica, P. relicina, P. borreri, P. cochleata, P. marmarizia, P. reticulata, P. denegans, P. subaurulenta, P. homogenes, P. subcrinata, P. austrosinensis, P. praesorediosa, P. perlata and P. caperata.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of epiphytic lichens that growing near the thermoelectric power plant to obtain a basic data for air environmental evaluation around the power plant. The study areas were all 12 places including ten sites near the power plant and two sites for control. All the number of lichens appeared in this study areas were 27 species. It showed to 4∼6 species within 4㎞ from the power plant, and coverage also was low. As receding from the power plant, both the number of species and overage increased. Parmelia tinctorum sensitive to air pollution did not appear within 4㎞ from the power plant, and it was regarded as the sensitive kind to air pollution. Lepraria sp.(13.40%), Parmelia austrosinensis (13.40%), and Dirinaria applanaita (13.40%) were distributed in all sites, and it could infer that they had tolerance to air pollution. The IAP (Index of Atmosphere Purity) values in Sadungdong Apsan, Seksangeabal and the Power plant were four times as low as those in Mt, Yeonwha, and it could infer that the air in those areas was not good. It was high IAP values as being distant from the power plant.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 1974

The distribution of corticolous lichens had been investigated in the suburb of Seoul in which factories are located densely and Yeosu which located near sea and very few factories are seen in the neighbour. Ten cm point frame was located at random on the trunk of Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Carpinus Tschonoskii from bottom at 0.5m intervals to 8m height of each trees. The occurrence of each species was represented as a percentage of total quadrat frequency and of density. The density of the corticolous lichens was 2.8%, 6.9% and 7.6% at Dongkooneung, Kongneung and Kwangneung apart 15km, 25km and 32km from center of Seoul respectively. In Yeosu district, the occurrence is fairly different from that of Seoul: it is 34.8% and 34.9% at Odongdo and Hoamsan which located within 3km and 5km from the center of Yeosu. The greater frequency of the lichens on the trunk was found at 1~2m height of trees and they were found mostly on the trunk faced south. However, Pertusaria trochophora species occurred more often on the trunk faced east, Graphis scripta on east and north, Parmelia pertusa and Parmelia tinctorum on west side of trunk. Parmelia pertusa increased with increasing height of trees, but Calicium trabinellum and Anzia japonica decreased. Cetraria collata occurred mostly on the middle of above two species. SO2 concentration in the air of Seoul was high enough to eliminate the lichens except Pertusaria trochophora and Graphis scripta.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.31-35
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• 2009

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1977

The vertical distribution of the corticolous lichens in Mt. Sobaeg was detected by 10cm point quadrat. The dominant species of lichens was arranged in a single dimensional ordination along the elevational gradient with the frequency percentage of the species. Cetraria stracheyi, Parnaria leucosticta, Stieta platyphyll and Parmelia petusa were found in order of abundant from lower, Samgadong(400m) to higher, Birobong(1439m) in which they occurred mainly on the southwest slope. However, such species as Cetraria juniperina was more abundant than Parnaria leucosticta and Stieta platyphylla at the southeast slope. The distribution of Cetraria Stracheyi and Parnaria leucosticta was limited below 1200m height, while Parmelia petusa and Cetraria juniperina mostly above 900m height.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 1991

The lichen species collected from Mt. Deogyu were identified as beloning to eleven genera in four famillies: Anzia colpota, Cladonia bacillaris, Flavoparmelia caperata, Hypotrachyna phys­cioides, Nephromopsis asahinae, Parmelia fertilis, P. marmaiza, Parmotrema austrosinense, P. chinense, Xanthoparmelia mexicana, X. scabrosa, Anaptychia palmulata, Heterodermia hypoleuca and Physconia grumosa. Among the fourteen lichens, the genus name of Parmotrema austrosinense and Xanthoparme­lia scabrosa were changed by Hale, and Hypotrachyna physcioides was newly reported in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.404-414
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of air pollution using epiphytic lichens on forest trees around Ulsan and Onsan industrial complex from April to June, 1997. The distribution of lichens was investigated at 58 sampled sites. In this study, 16 kinds of epiphytic lichens were recorded, of them, Lepraria sp. having a tolerance to air pollution showed the highest frequency as 30.85%, and in order of Lecanora strobilina(26.18%) and Parmelia austrosinensis(13.42%) unknown to tolerance of air pollution. The number of lichens was gradually decreased around industrial complex, where so - called "lichen desert" was detected. As being distant from the industrial complex, the mean degrees of cover were increased. The degrees of cover in the investigated sites ranged from I to V. According to $SO_2$ concentration limiting lichen's growth, the pattern of distribution of Cladonia sp., Dirinaria applanata, Parmelia austrosinensis, Lepraia sp. and Lecanora strobilina were dissimilar by sensitivity to air pollution Especially Lepraria sp. and Lecanora strobilina were widely distributed to degree of cover from I to V, and as the both had a similar distribution pattern, it could be inferred that Lecanora strobilina had also a tolerance to air pollution. The IAP values ranging from 0 to 64.3 were arranged into six groups and the investigated area was delineated into six IAP zones to represent degree of air environment. It was a high IAP value as being distant from industrial complex. The mare IAP increased, the more number of kinds of lichens increased. It was confirmed that the number of species, coverage and IAP value of epiphytic lichens showed a tendency to decrease of urban area and industrial complex.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

Antifungal activity of Korean and Chinese lichen-forming fungi(LFF) was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi of Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea, Diaporthe actinidiae, Pestalotiopsis longiseta, Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium cepivorum. The LFF were isolated from Cladonia scabriuscula, Melanelia sp., Nephromopsis asahinae, Nephromopsis pallescens, Parmelia laevior, Pertusaria sp., Ramalina conduplicans, Ramalina sinensis, Ramalina sp., Umbilicaria proboscidea and Vulpicida sp. with discharged spore method. The isolates were deposited in the herbarium of Korean Lichen Research Institute(KoLRI) in Sunchon National University. The LFF of Melanelia sp., P. laevior, Pertusaria sp., R. conduplican and Ramalina sp. exhibited strong antifungal activity against all of the pathogenic fungi examined. Among them, LFF of P. laevior showed more than 90% of inhibition in fungal hyphae growth, compared with control. The results imply that LFF can be served as a promising bioresource to develop novel biofungicides. Mass cultivation of the LFF is now under progress in laboratory conditions for chemical identification of antifungal substances.