• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1559-1563
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• 2009

Despite the serious lack of parking lots, studies on parking lot expansion are insufficient; research on users' satisfaction following parking lot expansion is practically nonexistent. Therefore, this study sought to provide basic data for the parking lot expansion of old apartments by comparatively analyzing users' satisfaction before and after the parking lot expansion through a questionnaire survey that targeted residents benefiting from the expanded parking lot. Results revealed a low post-occupancy satisfaction with the parking lot expansion despite the parking lot expansion and improvement of the parking lot environment. This was because the parking lot was not expanded up to the second basement floor due to the lack of appropriate parking space. Other factors included the construction cost burden and lack of connectivity of the basement parking lot with elevators. The results actually raise the need for the establishment of an optimally suitable expansion plan and development of method and technology requiring lower cost and shorter construction period in the design and construction processes for parking lot expansion. Through post-occupancy evaluation (POE) after parking lot expansion, this study quantitatively identified the problems associated with the parking lots of old apartments and ensuing expansion effects. The findings in this study can be used as basic data to seek a suitable diagnosis and evaluation method for the parking lots of old apartments.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1278-1282
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• 2009

In apartment type of housing, if resident's vehicle is registered in central control office and RFID TAG is issued, identification can be recognized from the time of entrance into parking lot and intelligent parking guide system can be activated based on the residents' profile. Parking Guide System leads a vehicle to the available parking space which is closest to the entrance gate of the vehicle's owner. And when residents forget where they parked their cars, they can query to the Parking Guide and Management System and get responses about the location. For the correct operation of this system, it is necessary to find out where the residents' cars have parked in real time and which lot is available for parking of other cars. RFID is very fancy solution for this system. RFID reader gathers the ID information in RFID TAGs in parked cars and updates the DB up to date. But, when non-residents' cars are parked inside apartment, RFID reader cannot identify them nor know the exact empty/occupied status of parking spaces because they don't react to RFID reader's query. So for the exact detection of empty/occupied status, we suggest the combined use of ultrasonic sensors and RFID. We designed a tree topology with intermediate data aggregators. The depth of tree is normally more than 3 from root (central office) to leaves (individual parking lots). The depth of 2 in tree topology brings about the bottleneck in communication and maintenance. We also designed the information fields used in RFID networks and Sensor Networks.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.161-166
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• 2021

The term parking management system usually refers to the custom built hardware intensive systems installed in building and malls. However, there are many places where such expensive solutions cannot be installed due to various reasons, like cost and urgent/temporary setup requirements. This project focuses on developing a parking management system based on image processing to detect vacant parking slot in an area where automated systems are not installed. Camera images of the parking area are subjected to image processing algorithm which marks virtual slots in the area and extracts occupancy information to guide the incoming drivers about availability and position of vacant spaces. The application consists of two interfaces: one for the guidance of the incoming drivers and the other one for the administrator. The later interface also informs the administrator if a car is not parked properly in the virtual slot. This parking system would reduce the stress and time wastage associated with car parking and would make the management of such areas less costly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

s economic development has been achieved and society gets complicated, problems of traffic system have been also exposed. Due to these problems, drivers have to endure economic loss and delayed time. A web-based parking lot management system has been proposed to solve this problem. Because a parking lot is an important resource of traffic system, efficient management of parking lots can be means to solve critical problems of traffic system. In this study a simple method is introduced to detect moving vehicles with geometric information of moving objects that has been computed from surveillance cameras installed in a parking lot. Statistical information processed from image data is also stored on a server side, such as total number of parking lots, a number of parked cars and a number of available parking spots. A client who wants to know the nearest parking place can share the information via a mobile device and shorten his or her driving time. Great benefit to both drivers and society is expected if many parking lots are equipped with this system.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.116-124
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• 1997

Background : As parking problem caused by increasing owner-driver and patients concentrating to a general hospital is becoming one of the dissatisfactions in medical care. It is time that a general hospital should solve the parking problem in a desirable way. The purpose of this survey is to let the clients understand the basic motivation of the pay parking and develop the better parking system. Methods : Clients of a tertiary care hospital in Chon-ju were surveyed by means of a questionnaire. All in all, 193 subjects answered the questionnaire. Results : In relation to previous experiences, 39.6% of the subjects experienced inconvenience with confused parking lot and the shortage of parking space. Under the current parking system, the subjects who felt the available parking space was enough were more than those who didn't 62.7% of the subjects answered that they could find the parking lot easily. 33.2% of the subjects mentioned that it was not easy to drive in the parking area ; The reasons were pointed out the shortage of space, disordered parking, and insufficient guide. 12.8% of the subjects satisfied with the current administering system of parking lot. The outpatients were more affirmative than the admitted patients about the charging system. As for the parking fee, 64% of the subjects answered that it is expensive, and 89.5% of the subjects thought imposing of parking fee is irrational. Conclusion : To say as a whole, the basic purpose of the charging system are more or less accepted. However, the management details like parking facilities and payment method are dissatisfactory, so it is necessary to improve the management system. It is also noted that the inpatients showed more negative attitude than the outpatients with the charging system. To secure a more convenient parking, the parking system should be considered in relation to the information service, kind guidance, improve facilities, personnel cooperation, fix outpatient scheduling system, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.181-183
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• 2011

This study was carried out about construction management plan to reduce water leakage of underground parking lot in the apartment housing. To minimize effect of upper working load, installation position of jack support and paving with rubble on the top of underground parking lot were studied. By calculation shrinkage strain of underground parking lot scale, water leakage risk in design of level difference was studied. In this study, the basic data about construction management was provided to reduce water leakage of underground parking lot in the apartment housing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.409-414
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• 2003

In the beginning of the 21s1 century, the world has been making rapid progress and changed all over the areas. Like the rest, as all domiciliary circumstances for a local development have changed, the continuous development considered environmental view has been accounted as much compared with the high growth-oriented development based on the efficiency so far. As the volume of traffic in urban community increases, the environmental load enlarges inevitably. Particularly, the excess and deficiency problems for all sorts of traffic facilities, like the shortage of parking lots continue to happen in proportion to the increase in traffic. For a design to solve these problems, introduction of the Geographic Information System; GIS applied widely over various fields become necessary. In this research, the supply-demand situation in urban areas is observed. The application of GIS for the purpose of the improvement of parking lot management technique to control effectively facilities related to parking lot in the city brings promoting the efficiency of business data inquiry, data management data correction and so on through graphic and non-graphic database for every kind of draft data, record and register data. The graphic users interface to support effective decision-making is applied for the improvement of work in this study. This research also suggests the way to utilize common database considered linkage with sub-systems related existing urban information system by developing the parking lot management system.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.10
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• pp.547-558
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• 2003

This paper is a parking management system which uses mobile terminal equipment by the client. From the Web server, the client will be served about the information concerned with the location o( parking lot, parking time, and payment after accessing the parking management web site. After the sensor which is set in the parking lot perceives the information about the client's car, it will inform the client of the parking place. This system is designed to control the large and complex parking lot and serves a very convenient interface to the user.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.357-358
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• 2010

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2021

In this paper, for efficient parking control, in an Arduino environment, an intelligent parking control prototype was implemented to provide parking control and parking guidance information using HC-SR2O4 and RC522. The main elements of intelligent parking control are vehicle recognition sensors, parking control facilities, and integrated operating software. Whether the vehicle is parked on the parking surface may be confirmed through sensor or intelligent camera image analysis. Parking control equipment products include parking guidance and parking available display devices, vehicle number recognition cameras, and intelligent parking assistance systems. This paper applies and implements ultrasonic sensors and RFID concepts based on Arduino, recognizes registered vehicles, and displays empty spaces. When a vehicle enters a parking space to handle this function, the automatic parking management system distinguishes the registered vehicle from the external vehicle through the RC522 sensor. In addition, after checking whether the parking slot is empty, the HC-SR204 sensor is displayed through the LED so that the driver can visually check it. RFID is designed to check the parking status of the server in real time and provide the driver with optimal route service to the parking slot.