• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2001

To evaluate the factors that determine the transmission level of vivax malaria using vectorial capacity, entomological surveys were conducted from .lune to August, 2000. From 6 nights of human-bait collection in Paju, the human biting rate (ma) was counted as 87.5 bites/man/night. The parity of Anopheles sinensis from human baiting collections fluctuated from 41% to 71% (average 48.8%) of which the rate gradually increased as time passed on: 35.2% in Jun. ; 55.0% in July; 66.2% in Aug. From this proportion of parous, we could estimate the probability of daily survival rate of An. sinensis to be 0.79 assumed with 3 days gonotrophic cycle and the expectancy of infective life through 11 days could be defined as 0.073. Blood meal analysis was performed using ELISA to determine the blood meal source. Only 0.8% of blood meals were from human hosts. We could conclude that An. sinensis is highly zoophilic (cow 61.8%) Malaria is highly unstable (stability index < 0.5) in this area. From these data, vectorial capacity VC) was determined to be 0.081. In spite of a high human biting rate (ma), malaria transmission potential is very low due to a low human blood index. Therefore, we could conclude that malaria transmission by An. sinensis is resulted by high population density, not by high transmission potential. For this reason, we need more effort to decrease vector population and vector-human contact to eradicate malaria in Korea.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 1993

11 β ,17 β -dihydroxy-9a-fluoro-l7a-methyl androst-4-en-3-one (Fluoxymesterone), CgoH29 FO,, orthorhombic, P2,2,2,, a=13.468(5) A, b= 19.554 (2)A, c=6.578(9)A, a=b=r=90˚, A (CuKa)=1.5406 A , Dm=1.289cm-3, Dc=1.299cm-3 and Z=4 at T=298k. The structure was solved by direct method using seminvariants of ggg Parity group and refined by the full-matrix least-square method, resulting model with reliability factor R=0.069 for 1098 unique reflection over 3σ . Ring A is an 1β-2a-half chair, 5 ring has a highly symmetrical chair conformation, C ring is in a distorted chair conformation and D ring is a 13aenveLope conformation. In the crystal structure, the molecules are packed with a hydrogen bond of 011-H23‥‥03(0.5+x, 1.5-y, 1.0-z) [1.94(9) A of H‥‥0.2.786(9)A of 0‥‥0 and 165(8) ˚ of

• 정보관리연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.191-209
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• 2010

서로 다른 정보자원 간의 연결을 의미하는 참조연계 서비스를 위해서는 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축과 식별자 매칭 작업이 필요하다. CrossRef, PubMed, Web Of Science 등의 많은 해외 기관들은 Inera의 eXstyles, Parity Computings의 Reference Extractor 등의 자동화 도구들을 이용하여 DOI, PMID 등의 식별자를 기반으로 하는 참조연계 체제를 구축하였다. 국내에서도 한국과학기술정보연구원, 한국연구재단 등의 여러 기관에서 참고문헌 데이터베이스를 구축하고 있다. 그러나 각 단체별로 채택하고 있는 다양한 참고문헌 기술 형식 때문에 망라적인 데이터베이스 구축은 많은 어려움에 직면해 있다. 이에 참고문헌을 자동으로 파싱하여 메타데이터를 추출하고, DOI, PMID, KOI의 식별자를 매칭하는 Citation Matcher 시스템을 개발하여 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축의 효율성을 향상시키고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2006

Objectives: A community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine theprevalence of osteoporosis and to evaluate the effects of body composition, health behaviors and reproductive history on bone density in postmenopausal women. Methods: The study subjects were 362 postmenopausal women, aged 45 years old or over, who were invited to the hospital. Information on their socio-demographic characteristics and the potential risk factors such as their past medical history, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, diet and menstrual/reproductive histories were collected by trained interviewers. Weight, height, the body mass index ($kg/m^{2}$), and body composition variables were measured. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 30.6% in the $45{\sim}64$ years old women, 52.5% in the elderly women aged $65{\sim}74$, and 68.7% in the women aged 75 years or over. After adjustment for the effect of potential covariates, those women in the highest 25% (4th quartile) of the lean body mass are less likely to have osteoporosis (aOR=0.31, 95% CI=0.12-0.76), compared with the lowest quartile group. More parity also had significantly detrimental effects on osteoporosis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women increased with age from 46.3% of those aged 45-64 to 68.7% for those aged 75 and over. Lean body mass and parity appeared significant contributor to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in this population.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of anthelmintics against gastrointestinal parasitic infestation in periparturient dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and quality. Sixty pregnant cows of 1st & 2nd parity were divided into four groups. The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment was evaluated by counting faecal egg per gram (EPG) compared with pre-treatment values. The milk yield of each cow was recorded in pre and post treatment lactations. Cows of group A were treated with Nitroxynil 10 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously 30 days before parturition, group B were treated with combination of triclabendazole and levamisole 19.5 mg/kg body weight orally at calving and group C treated with $Endex^{(R)}$ at calving and 42 days after. The mean change in EPG 14 days after treatment was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated (79.1%) cows than control. Average milk yield of group C ($2.8{\pm}0.8$) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than group A ($2.6{\pm}0.7$). Similarly, the average milk yield in all the treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher in treated lactation ($2.5{\pm}0.7$) than in the previous lactation ($2.2{\pm}0.7$). The average milk yield in all treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control cows. Although, milk yields were higher in second parity than the first, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The milk protein percentage was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated group than the control group. Therefore, it may be concluded that periparturient anthelmintic treatment effectively reduced the gastrointestinal parasitic load and improved milk yield.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

분산 비디오 압축 기술은 초경량 비디오 압축 기술로써 많은 주목을 받고 있으며, 대표적인 기법은 피드백 채널을 이용하여 우수한 부호화 성능을 유지한다. 그러나 이로 인해 복호화기의 복잡도를 증대시키고 매우 많은 반복적인 연산에 의한 큰 복호화 지연을 요구하기 때문에 실시간 구현에 제한이 되고 있으며, 이를 개선하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 이를 위해, 본 논문에서는 화소 영역 위너-지브 비디오 복호화 기법에서 각 비트 플레인 내에 위치한 LDPCA 프레임간의 시간적 상관성, 공간적 상관성 그리고 시공간적 상관성 등을 고려한 패리티 비트 요구량에 대한 예측 방법을 제시하고 고속 분산 비디오 복호화기법에 적용하여 성능을 비교한다. 모의실험을 통해, 움직임이 큰 영상과 움직임이 적은 영상에 대해 각각 시공간적 상관성과 시간적 상관성을 이용한 방식이 우수한 특성을 보이며, 이는 분산 비디오 부호화 기법의 다양한 응용 환경에 따른 효과적인 패리티 요구량 예측기법을 찾는데 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2001

The effects of dietary protein and lysine levels on lactating multiparous sows and litter performance were studied. Sixty-two crossbred multiparous sows ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) were used. Thirty-three and twenty-nine sows were studied in their second parity and third parity respectively. The three dietary treatments were: (1) the control diet containing 15% CP and 0.75% lysine, (2) a diet containing 13% CP and 0.75% lysine (0.60% natural+0.15% synthetic), and (3) a diet containing 13% CP and 0.60% lysine. They were fed twice daily and allowed ad libitum access to food and water throughout a 28 day lactation from parturition until weaning. The results of this experiment showed that body weight and backfat losses of the sows from farrowing to weaning were significantly affected (p<0.01) by reducing dietary protein. Neither average daily feed intake nor weaning to estrus interval of sows were significantly different among treatments. Supplementing lower dietary protein with synthetic lysine could mitigate backfat losses, but could not prevent body weight losses in lactating multiparous sows. A corn-soybean meal diet containing 13% crude protein and 0.60% lysine did not significantly affect litter size and survival rate of weanling piglets compared with the 15% crude protein diet. There was a tendency towards decreased piglet weight at weaning (p<0.10) and reduced daily gain of piglets (p<0.11) when the multiparous sows were fed the 13% protein diet during lactation. We found a severe loss of body weight and backfat when reducing dietary protein for lactating multiparous sows.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2018

세계풍력발전협회(GWEC) 2017년도 Global Wind Report에 따르면 전세계 풍력에 의한 발전용량은 2001년도 23,900 MW에서 2016년도 486,790 MW로 비약적으로 발전하고 있다. 반면 국내 발전원별 총발전량 비중에서 풍력에 의한 발전은 0.2 % 불과하다. 국내외 발전원별 정산단가가 풍력으로 전기를 생산하는 데 드는 발전원가가 석유 등 화석연료 발전원가와 같아지는 Grid Parity에 이미 도달하여 풍력발전에 의한 전기의 생산은 더욱 확대될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 전 세계 해상풍력설비의 88 %가 위치하고 있는 유럽의 주요 해상풍력발전단지의 선박통항 규정과 어로활동에 대한 기준을 분석하여 향후 국내 해상풍력발전단지 설치 시 선박통항 및 어로활동 기준 설정 시 고려되어야 할 사항을 제시하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.162-175
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• 1999

The study was intended to investigate and explore the preimenstrual symptoms, their severity levels, their patterns and the relationships of the age to those symptoms and patterns among Korean women. The data were collected from 844 women in one highschool, one Nursing college and one Korea National Open University in Seoul, from Nov, 1997 to Jun. 1998. The instruments were the Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire developed by Chesney and the Center for Epidemiologic studies Depression scale developed by Radloff. the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test, $X^2$-test, simple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis using pc-SAS program. The results were as follows ; 1. Korean women had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, abdominal discomfort and backache in perimenstrual period. There Teenages had more symptoms of depression and uterine cramps in the day before or the first day of menstruation. Women in their twenties had more symptoms of abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort, backache, abdominal bloating and the sensitiveness /discomforts in the lower back, abdomen and inner part of thighs. women in their thirties had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, tension and nervousness before the menstruation, abdominal discomfort and backpain in the first day of menstruation. Women in their forties had more symptoms of backache, breast discomforts, abdominal pain and discomforts. 2. The severity levels of the perimenstrual symptoms showed the highest score(mean=2.73) in twenties and the lowest score)mean=1.96) in forties The perimenstrual symptom patterns were prevailed the spasmodic menstrual symptoms in teenage and twenties and the congestive menstrual symptoms in thirties and forties. The age was a determinant of perimenstrual symptom patterns and the precipitative equation was log[p(age)/(1-p(age)]=2.7356-0.0982 age. 3. The relationship of the age to perimenstrual symptoms was vanished or lessened, controlling for parity as a test factor. this finding supports the notion that parity is an extraneous variable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2879-2886
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• 2012

In order to thoroughly analyze risk factors of breast cancer (BC) in premenopausal Uruguayan women, a case-control study was carried out at the Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Montevideo, where 253 incident BC cases and 497 frequency-matched healthy controls were interviewed on menstrual and reproductive story, were administered a short food frequency questionnaire and undertook a series of body measurements necessary to calculate body composition and somatotype. Odds ratio (OR) coefficients were taken as estimates of relative risk derived from unconditional logistic regression. Among the classical risk factors, only the family history of BC in first degree relatives was significantly associated with risk of premenopausal BC (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.33-3.62). Interestingly, this risk factor was found to be stronger in women of ages >40 (OR=4.05, 95% CI 2.10-7.81), late menarche (OR= 2.39, 95% CI 1.18-4.85), early age for their first delivery (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.26-7.22), short time between menarche and first delivery (OR=3.22, 95% CI 1.29-8.07), and with high parity (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.79-9.36), although heterogeneity was detected only for age and parity. High consumption of red meat was positively associated with the disease risk (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.35-3.60), in the same way as fried foods (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.12-2.84). Conversely, a high intake of plant foods displayed a protective effect (OR=0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.65). Except for hypertension (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.03-2.35), none of the analyzed components of metabolic syndrome were associated to BC risk. Particular increases of risk for premenopausal BC were found for family history in first degree relatives in certain subsets derived from the menstrual-reproductive history. Preventive strategies could broaden their scope if new studies confirm the present results, in view of the limited prevention measures that premenopausal BC currently has.