• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2004

Amylase isozyme based three multivoltine viz., N+p, Np, N+ $p^{cho}$ and two bivoltine-D6+p, D6p syngenic lines (Syn. L) were developed from germplasm (GP) stocks Nistari (N) and D6 respectively. haemolymph isozyme pattern at pH 7.0 and 8.5 depicted a total 11 number (Am $y_{1 to 6}$ at pH 7.0 and Am $y^{l to 5}$ at pH 8.5) of native proteins (NP) of various sizes are amylase isozyme expressers. Among eleven NPs, two NPs of 770 kDa (Am $y^{6}$ at pH 7.0) and 376 kDa (Am $y^3$ at pH 8.5) are $\alpha$-amylase expressers and remaining NPs of 370, 364, 350, 329 and 274 kDa at pH 7.0 and 206, 292, 416, 725 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expressers. Accordingly, digestive juice amylase isozyme pattern at aforesaid pH also depicted a total number of 10 NPs (Am $y^{1 to 5}$) at each pH 7.0 and 8.5 are amylase expressers of which NP of 387 kDa (Am $y^4$ at pH 7.0) and 780 kDa (Am $y^{5}$ at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expresser. Remaining NPs of 338,297 ＆ 216 kDa at pH 7.0 and 370, 341, 329 ＆302 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expresser. Recurrent backcross lines (RBL) viz., N+pRBL and NpRBL were developed through introgression of high shell weight character (a multigenic trait) to be used further for congenic line (Con. L) development and to understand any association with introgressed character. Isozyme pattern in haemolymph of RBLs depicted only one $\alpha$-amylase of 770 kDa at pH 7.0 and 376 kDa at pH 8.0 with three and four respective $\beta$-amylase bands but in bivoltine lines numbers of $\beta$-amylase bands vary between 1 to 2 at aforesaid pH. Variability was also observed in digestive juice of multivolitine and its RBLs but bivoltine lines express null activity at both pH except appearance of one very week $\alpha$-amylase band D6+p at pH 8.5. Overall study suggests that not a single NP at both pH is common for expression of any band of amylase isozyme i.e., a totally different set of proteins are the amylase isozyme expresser at specific pH and no molecular factor of amylase is associated in developed RBLs which showed improvement on survival, single cocoon shell weight (SCSW) and single filament length over receptor parents.s.s.s.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.11
• /
• pp.1166-1171
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether breast milk feeding at infancy has the effect of a programming agent preventing school-age obesity, or whether formula milk feeding is the cause of elementary school-age obesity. Methods : We randomly selected 4 elementary school in Masan and Changwon city. We calculated the BMI and obesity degree from height and weight data on the school record of 1,275 children of first and second grade. The parents of 1,275 children were asked to a questionnaire about their birth history and feeding modality during infancy. Based on these data, we categorized them into 4- different groups : breast fed for less than 2 months; breast fed for 2-6 months; breast fed more than 6 months; mixed fed. We compared the mean BMI, obesity degree and prevalence rates of obesity of each groups. Results : There was no statistical difference on the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, which was defined by BMI, according to the duration of breast feeding. The same was true for mild obesity and moderate obesity, which was defined by obesity degree. The mean BMIs and the mean obesity degree were not different among different feeding types. Conclusion : There seems to be no protective effect of breast feeding during infancy on reducing the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity. However, even wider and larger studies considering confounding factor might be needed to reach a definite conclusion in the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2003

Objectives : The 1990s has seen advances in the conceptualization of self-perceived health status which has important roles for individual health and the quality of life. Many types of standardized questionnaires have been developed with the current wide use of SF-36, NHP, andEuroQol. However, the outcomes of these tools may be different with regard to regional, cultural and emotional backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to trial the development of a Korean Health Profile (KHP 1.0) to measure the self-perceived health stati of Koreans. Methods : The KHP 1.0 was designed on the basis of the Medical Outcome Study Form 36 (SF-36), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and the EuroQOL. It was composed of 9 scales; physical functioning, role limitation-physical, pain, general health, energy, social isolation, sleep, role limitation-emotional, and e-motional health. Self-reported chronic disease conditions, and the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), were also checked for the evaluation of clinical validity. This study was conducted, from December 2000 to January 2001, on 800 middle-aged parents, with four high school students, with 100 retest sets being conducted two weeks later. From the 800 subjects there were 588 complete responses (effective response 73.5%). The reliability of the test-retest results, and the factor analysis on the validity of the KHP 1.0 components, were evaluated using the SPSS (ver 10.0) software. Results : The reliability of the KHP 1.0 was good with Cronbach's alpha (>0.6), test-retest correlation coefficients (>0.5), but with no significant differences from the paired t-test. From the psychometric validity tests, the 9 scales of the KHP 1.0 were divided into two components; physical and mental, and trimmed to the established model with 55% of the total variance, with the exception of role limitation-emotional. The clinical validity on the basis of the comparison for the four characteristic groups; healthy, physical conditions only, mental conditions only, and physical and mental conditions were also good. Conclusions : The KHP 1.0 appears to be a valid measurement tool of self-perceived health stati of Koreans, although there are limitations, i.e. sample size was too small, a limited number of middle-aged subjects, and it was based on unconfirmed diagnoses, etc. Therefore, further study is required to standardize the assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.34-49
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study is to identify the status of school health and analyze affecting factors of school nurses' self confidence and nursing activities of the secondary school in Seoul. The data was collected from 13th of August to 30th of October. The self reported questionairs were distributed during one of the school nurses seminars held in Seoul and 93 secondary school nurses answered. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SPSS for percentage, mean, T-test ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of study are summerized as follows; 1. General Characteristics The mean age of the subjects was 33.4 and mean length of experience as a school nurse was 7.3 years. 79.5 percent of them had clinical experiences and the mean clinic experience was 2.1 years. The majority of them were graduate of the baccalaureate nursing programs and 82.8 percent of them were married. 72.0 percent of the sample had religion, and 60.2 percent of them were in the national or public schools. 90.3 percent of them had independent duty. 2. The status of school health resources In average, there were 2,445 students, 37 classes and 63 teachers per school nurse. 48.4 percent of them were aware of the school budget. The budget for school health was 585,000 won per school in average. 30.0 percent of the schools had school health organization. The schools whose health clinics were on the first floor consisted of 79.3 percent, among them 42.9 percent were on the center of the building office. 3. Activities of school health nursing The average number of students using health clinic were 430 per month. The majority of the problem was digestive problem. There were 7.5 times of mean correspondences with parents per year. The activities of the school nurses were clinic management (29.0%), health care services (23.5%) and health education (14.1%). 4. The degrees of self confidence of the school nurse and nursing activities Self confidence measured by 6 items of self-reported questionaires scored by 4 point Likert Scale revealed. The nurses' self-confidence was 2.922 in clinic management, 2.909 in health education, 2.759 in program planning and evaluation, 2.757 in health care services, 2.692 in management of school environment, and 2.250 in operation of school health organization. The nursing activities scored by 2 point. The nursing activities was 1,870 in program planning and evaluation, 1.853 in health education, 1.843 in clinic management, 1.739 in health care services, 1.696 in management of school environment and 1.265 in operating of school health organization. 5. Factors affecting self confidence and nursing activities of school nurses The general characteristics of the school nurses and the school health resources were related to self confidence and nursing activities. The most significant variable to nurses' self confidence was type of the school ownership and the presence of school health organization was the most significant factor to nursing activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 1999

Obesity in children is a major concern of public health. This study was performed to illuminate its effect on weight control program and the associated factors of obesity-related habits and obesity index in primary school obese children. Weight control program consisted of behavioral modification, nutrition education and exercise during 17 weeks. The sample consisted of treatment group(n=42) and control group(n=41). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in obesity index, socioeconomic status and grade. To assess the effects of weight control program, the subjects were given pre-test and post-test such as the measurement of anthropometric values and self-reporting questionnaire. This result of this study were as follows; 1. After weight control program was applied, there was a significant decrease in obesity index among the treatment group. Obesity-related habits score of the treatment group increased significantly, While there was not much difference between the pre-test and the post-test among the control group. But exercise habit didn't increase significantly in the both groups. 2. Correlation between obesity-related habits and obesity index were not evident. 3. After application of weight control program, the factors associated with change of eating habit were children's past experience of weight control, motivational change toward weight control program and friends' support for treatment group. The factors associated with change of exercise habit were post-test motivation score and friends' support. Motivational change toward weight control and pre-test self-efficacy of exercise behavior were counter-related to exercise habit. For change of other obesity-related habits, initial obesity index, motivational change, post-test self-efficacy score of exercise behavior and paternal educational status were closely associated. But post-test self-efficacy score of eating behavior was unrelated. 4. Only the factor of experience of weight control was associated with change of obesity index. 5. For the both groups, the factors associated with change of eating habits were post-test self-efficacy of eating behavior and family's support. The factors associated with change of exercise behavior were self-efficacy changes of exercise behavior and friends' support. The factors associated with change of other obesity-related habits were self-efficacy change of eating behavior. Initial obesity index was associated with change of obesity index. 6. The rate of dropouts from weight control program was 28.6% (12/42) in treatment group. Initial obesity index, other obesity-related habits except eating exercise habits, friend's support were associated with dropout. In conclusion, these results indicated that weight control program in primary school settings was effective. Direct exercise regimen and practice was demanded. In addition to the program itself, much of the success is dependent on the degree of motivation of the children involved and support provided by their parents and friends. Further study need to be performed under the condition that the weight control progrom is applied for a longer period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 1999

Adolescence is vulnerable to various Health Risk Behaviors (HRB). These behaviors can affect his remaining life as well as adolescence, thus prevention of HRB is a critical issue in health education. This study is aimed to provide basic information for prevention of HRB. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the impact of peer group's health risk behaviors on health risk perception (HRP) and that of health risk perception on health risk behaviors based on 832 respondents. The 852 subjects were selected in six middle and high schools in Seoul through random sampling. Data were collected from September, 18-October, 21, 1998, and the 832 data were analyzed after excluding the 20 incomplete and inaccurate data. Questionnaire items and measures are based on an instrument to measure Perceived Health Risk Perception, which Hodge B.C. developed in 1992. Cronbach alpha is used to test the reliability. The reliability of HRP and HRB is 0.9473, 0.8768 in this study, Statistical analysis divided into four phases. First, the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on HRP is analyzed by oneway ANOV A. Male students have lower HRP than female students. As grade goes up, HRP is getting lower. Perceived higher concern of parents and HRP are correlated. And the experience of school health education and HRP are correlated. Second, the impact of peer group's HRB on the HRP is analyzed by linear regression. Peer group's HRB and HRP are negatively correlated, Third, the impact of HRP on HRB is analyzed by linear regression. There is a correlation between high HRP and low HRB. Fourth, Powerful impact factors on HRB are analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Grade, gender, peer group's HRB, and related HRP is entered as independent variables. Because of correlation between entered variables, three interaction variables between grade, gender, peer group's HRB and related HRP also entered, In general, peer group's HRB is the most accountable factor to HRB. And Interaction variable between HRP and peer group's HRB and HRB are negatively correlated. These results indicate that HRP may reduce the impact of peer group's HRB on HRB. Some recommendations are as follows: First, health educational programs suitable for gender and grade are required. Second, a systematic cooperation between school and home is necessary for effective prevention of HRB. Third, the educational effect for decreasing HRB by increasing HRP is statistically assisted. However, peer group has much stronger impact on HRB than subjective HRP, thus special consideration and management are necessary for peer group which does HRB more frequently.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.58-80
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze career cognition, key competency, vocational values of university students and junior college students. The study was carried out through questionnaire survey method. The population sample for the study constituted 368 completed questionnaires from sample of 373 freshmen-women of university and students. A survey questionnaire consisted of career cognition items, key competency scale, vocational values scale, and personal characteristics items. The construct validity of key competency scale and vocational values scale were confirmed by factor analysis with varimax rotation. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. Major findings of this study were as follows: First, university students and junior college students most wanted to get a job after graduate. Many students decided their career at high school days. Many students were not prepared for their career after graduate. They recognized that major curriculum of university and junior college was very helpful to prepare their career. And many students discussed with their parents about their career. Second, key competency of them was moderately high. In the items of key competencies, 'communication and following' was the highest. And key competency of university students was better than that of junior college students. Key competency of male students was better than that of female students. Third, vocational values of them were high. In the items of vocational values, 'occupational stability' was the highest, and 'work in freedom and challenge' was the lowest. 'Occupational stability' and 'work in freedom and challenge' of junior college students was higher than that of university students. And 'occupational stability' of female students was higher than that of male students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.343-355
• /
• 2017

This study compared the individual, family, environmental factors, and subjective sleep sufficiency according to gender among Korean adolescents and to examine relevance among the individual, family, environmental factors, and subjective sleep sufficiency. The subjects were 65,528 Korean adolescents(male: 33,803, female: 31,725), who were derived from the 12th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2016 in South Korea. As a result, the prevalence of the subjective sleep sufficiency in this study was 33.4% male and 19.5% female. The subjective sleep sufficiency was affected by the depression experience, suicidal ideation, school achievement, feeling of stress, feeling of happiness, subjective health status, alcohol experience, smoking experience, substance experience, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in individual factors; economic status, educational level of parents and living arrangement in family factors; school grade, school type and emotional support in environmental factors in both males and females. In individual factors, breakfast eating and asthma affected the male's subjective sleep sufficiency and physical activity affected the female's. The mental health of the individual factors was the most influential factor in adolescent's subjective sleep sufficiency. Therefore, nursing intervention to improve Korean adolescent's subjective sleep sufficiency should be applied considering gender differences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2003

Purpose : While there have been growing concerns about the effects of Asian dusts on health, there are few studies for relationship between Asian dusts and health outcome. This study was designed to examine the perceived symptoms and behavior change of children during the Asian Dust events. Methods : We surveyed 459 students at an elementary school in Seoul, Korea from November 20th to 27th 2002. Children with parents were asked to return the completed questionnaires within a week. The questionnaires included the sociodemographic factor, previous respiratory disease, and perceived symptom, hospital visits and behavior change during the Asian dusts. Results : The majority of children reported that they restrained going out and outdoor recreational activity during the Asian dusts. The rate of children who worn the mask was 49% and 47% in second grade and fifth grade, respectively. Regarding the perceived symptom during the Asian dusts, the children in 2nd were more likely to have symptom than 5th and there were significant difference between two groups in cough, asthma symptom, dry cough, phlegm and medication for allergy or asthma symptom. In addition, children who had previous disease were more likely to change behavior in order to prevent the effects of Asian dusts. Conclusions : This study suggested that the younger children and children who had past respiratory disease were susceptible to the effect of Asian dusts. There is a need for providing public information and health education to prevent the impact of Asian dusts on health.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.181-209
• /
• 2012

Employment form and gender as stratification factors may generate health disparities in Korea. Previous studies have examined the existence of health disparities by employment form and gender. However, few studies examined how the health disparities can be reduced effectively. This study intends to confirm the existence of health disparities between employment-gender groups and explore the effective health resources which can reduce the possible disparities. Using a national probability sample of Korean adults collected in 2011, we attempts to test the interaction effects between employment-gender groups and health resources on self-rated health. For health resources, 24 variables of five dimensions(social relationship, psychological resource, activity factor, health behavior, and usage of medical service) are taken into account. In results, first, the health levels of the other three employment-gender groups are worse than that of male-regular workers. Second, the effective health resources which can reduce the health disparities are different across the employment-gender groups. An effective health resource for female-nonregular workers is a peaceful relationship with her children. Effective health resources for male-nonregular workers are peaceful relationships with his parents and siblings, low stress, religious activity, and exercise. An effective health resource for female-regular workers is interpersonal trust. These results imply that personal or social interventions for health of specific disadvantaged groups need to focus on specific resources which are more effective for the groups.