• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2022

This study aimed to identify the effect parent-adolescent intimacy and parent-adolescent communication on the resilience in male and female middle school students. Data were collected by 276 middle school students using a self-questionnaire. With SPSS 21.0, frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Communication with father and intimacy with father were identified as factors influencing the resilience of male middle school students, and communication with father and intimacy with mother were identified as factors influencing the resilience of female middle school students. Communication with fathers has been identified as a factor influencing the resilience of middle school boys and girls, so it is necessary to develop and apply educational programs for positive communication between middle school students and fathers. It is necessary to develop and apply an intervention program to improve intimacy between male middle school students and fathers and intimacy between female middle school students and mothers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.2
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• pp.17-30
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• 1981

This study is designed to analyze the child's behaviour development and consider parent's expectation toward it. In the research of the aspect of child's behaviour development, first, this study will analyze the change and development a child shows according to his age, sex, and the community where he is brought up, and then, the relationship between child's behaviour development and parent's expectation toward it. (1) Child's Behaviour Development. a) According to Age. At the age of three ; In such behaviours as wiping nose, dressing, brushing teeth, putting on coat alone, going to toilet for B.M., going on errands, and playing contentedly alone, washing hands, greeting his elders, a child at the age of three to four shows a rapid development, and therefore it seems better to train a child in these behaviors age of three. At the age of four ; In such behaviors sharing cakes with friends, riding on a tricycle, a child shows great development, at the age of four to five, and therefore it seems better to train him in them at the age of four. At the age of five ; In such behaviors as combing hair, putting toys away in proper place, telephoning a child shows great development at the age of five to six, and therefore it seems better to train him in them at the age of five. b) According to sex and community. As a whole, there is little difference between sexes and the communities. It can be estimated from this that sex or the community has on the whole no great influence on the basic aspects of child's behavior development. (2) Parent's expectation. On the whole parent's expectation falls short of a child's development in behaviors ; especially, bathing himself, dressing, going to toilet for B.M, going to toilet to urinate, telephoning, etc. This tendency is consficuous in the case of three or four year old children. This results from parent's protecting in excess their children and reducing the opportunities to encourage the children's independence by delaying the babyhood. (3) The relationship between child's behaviour development and parent's expectation. a) On the whole, the behaviour of a child is at a higher level than parent's expectation. b) As a child grows from three years to six, his behaviour develops on the whole in accordance with the increase of parent's expectation. But the level of the former is lower than that of the latter. c) According to computing a coefficient of correlation is as follows. 3 years old ; .84 4 years old ; .90 5 years old ; .87 6 years old ; .89 It shows there is a high correlation between child's Behaviour and Parent's Expectation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 1994

Cefazolin ethoxycarbonylethyl ester (CFZ-ET) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of the parent drug by esterification of sodium cefazolin (CFZ-Na). The successful synthesis of CFZ-ET was identified with analysis of UV spectra, FT-lR spectra and NMR spectra. Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-ET was more lipophilic than CFZ-Na and the ester was hydrolyzed into the parent drug in vivo. Although CFZ-ET did not have antimicrobial activity in vitro, the plasma taken after the oral administration of CFZ-ET had antimicrobial activity. Based on above observations, CFZ-ET might be rapidly hydrolyzed to CFZ in the body. Therefore, it may be concluded that CFZ-ET could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the bioavailability of CFZ-Na.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.32-42
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• 2002

This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of "What my baby is like(WBL)" that was developed by Pridham et al. for measuring infant temperament. 37 subjects were participated four times-1, 3, 6, and 12months, and 146 cases were analyzed. The construct validity for the scale was tested by factor analysis with four factor loading solution based on the previous study. One item was excluded because total-item correlation was too low, so that the number of total items were eighteen. The analysis yielded four well defined factors: amenability and persistence, activity, reactivity, and adaptability. These four factors explained 57.62% of the variance in the infant temperament. The criterion related Validity was confirmed by the relationship between the infant temperament and HOME, and between the infant temperament maternal confidence in childrearing. The reliability of the scale was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient. Cronbach's alpha was .86, for 18 items, and Guttman split-half cofficient was .81. In subscale analysis, Cronbach's alpha was .56~.84. In conclusion, WBL showed a high degree of validity and reliability, suitable in Korean infants for measuring temperament. In the further study, it would be necessary to refine the concept of temperament and to analyze the correlation between WBL and other temperament inventory.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.2
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• pp.64-82
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• 1999

This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of Maternal Self-Report Inventory that was developed by Shea and Tronick for measuring maternal self-esteem. The subjects were 154 mothers. The construct validity for the scale was tested by factor analysis with five factor loading solution based on the previous study. One item was excluded because total-item correlation was too low, so that the number of total items were twenty-five, the analysis yielded five well defined factors: confidence on the maternal role, general ability of maternal role, caretaking ability, readiness on maternal role, and feeling on the pregnancy and deli very. These five factors explained 52.38% of the variance in the maternal self-esteem. Maternal self-esteem was not affected by maternal age, educational level, occupation, religion, delivery type, or parity. The reliability of the scale was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient. Cronbach's alpha was .82, for 26 items, and .83 if one item was deleted. Guttman split-half cofficient was .75. In subscale analysis, Cronbach's alpha was .63~.84. In conclusion. Maternal Self-Report Inventory showed a high degree of validity and reliability, suitable in Korean mothers for measuring maternal self-esteem. In the further study, it would be necessary to compare the maternal self-esteem between mothers with normal babies and premature babies, for confirming the criterion-related validity of the inventory.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1327-1335
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• 2023

Objective: When evaluating individuals with the same parent and no phenotype by pedigree best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), it is difficult to explain carcass grade difference and select individuals because they have the same value in pedigree BLUP (PBLUP). However, single step GBLUP (ssGBLUP), which can estimate the breeding value suitable for the individual by adding genotype, is more accurate than the existing method. Methods: The breeding value and accuracy were estimated with pedigree BLUP and ssGBLUP using pedigree and genotype of 408 Hanwoo cattle from 16 families with the same parent among siblings produced by fertilized egg transplantation. A total of 14,225 Hanwoo cattle with pedigree, genotype and phenotype were used as the reference population. PBLUP obtained estimated breeding value (EBV) using the pedigree of the test and reference populations, and ssGBLUP obtained genomic EBV (GEBV) after constructing and H-matrix by integrating the pedigree and genotype of the test and reference populations. Results: For all traits, the accuracy of GEBV using ssGBLUP is 0.18 to 0.20 higher than the accuracy of EBV obtained with PBLUP. Comparison of EBV and GEBV of individuals without phenotype, since the value of EBV is estimated based on expected values of alleles passed down from common ancestors. It does not take Mendelian sampling into consideration, so the EBV of all individuals within the same family is estimated to be the same value. However, GEBV makes estimating true kinship coefficient based on different genotypes of individuals possible, so GEBV that corresponds to each individual is estimated rather than a uniform GEBV for each individual. Conclusion: Since Hanwoo cows bred through embryo transfer have a high possibility of having the same parent, if ssGBLUP after adding genotype is used, estimating true kinship coefficient corresponding to each individual becomes possible, allowing for more accurate estimation of breeding value.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.208-217
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the influence of awareness regarding marriage and childbirth on pre-parent's role of the nursing students. The subject were 202 nursing students in B city. Data were collected from May 11 to 15, 2015 and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Significant differences were found in pre-parent's role based on economic status, ideal number of children, and desired number of children. Pre-parent's role was negatively correlated with romantic views regarding marriage and passive views on marriage. In addition, there was a positive correlation between pre-parent's role and the attitudes towards childbirth support by the nation and corporations. Meaningful variables that influenced pre-parent's role were ideal number of children, economic status and passive views on marriage. Total explanation power was 26.9% and attitudes towards childbirth as well as toward support by the nation and corporations was the most influential factor. To enhance pre-parent's role of nursing students, it is necessary to provide childbirth support by the nation and corporations in the form of financial assistance and childcare facilities, as well as to develop educational programs describing the pre-parent's role.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3135-3141
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• 2012

This study was designed to adapt the Turkish versions of scales to evaluate fatigue in children with cancer from the perspectives of the children, parents and staff. The objective of this study was to validate "Child Fatigue Scale-24 hours" (CFS-24 hours), "Parent Fatigue Scale-24 hours" (PFS-24 hours) and "Staff Fatigue Scale-24 hours" (SFS-24 hours) for use in Turkish clinical research settings. Translation of the scales into Turkish and validity and reliability tests were performed. The validity of the translated scales was assessed with language validity and content validity. The reliability of the translated scales was assessed with internal consistency. The scales were evaluated by considering the following: calculation of the Cronbach alpha coefficient for parallel form reliability with 52 pediatric cancer patients, 86 parents and 43 nurses. The internal consistency was estimated as 0.88 for the Child Fatigue Scale-24 hours, 0.77 for the Parent Fatigue Scale-24 hours, and 0.72 for the Staff Fatigue Scale-24 hours (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$). The Turkish version of the Child Fatigue Scale -24 hours, the Parent Fatigue Scale -24 hours and the Staff Fatigue Scale -24 hours were judged reliable and valid instruments to assess fatigue in children and showed good psychometric properties. These scales should assist in understanding to what extent initiatives can minimize or eliminate fatigue. Our scales are recommended for further studies and use in pediatric oncology clinics as routine measurements and nursing initiatives should be planned accordingly.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.358-367
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• 1999

The Purpose of this study was to identify of parent-child relationship, Perceived social support and coping of female in late adolescents and its relationships. The underlying assumption is that Parent-child relationship based on internal working cognition affects on perceived social support and coping. The sample was consisted of 277 female students of college. The instruments used in this study were Parental bonding instrument (PBI)(Parker, Tupling & Brown. 1979), Personal resources questionnaire : PRQ-part II (Weinert ' Brant, 1987), and Way of coping (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985). The data was analyzed using frequencies, correlation coefficient, ANOVA. and t-test. As a result. perceived social support correlated positively with Parental care and negatively with parental overprotection. Perceived social support showed positive relationship with coping. Perceived social support differed according to parent-child relationship type. The group of 'affectionate constraint' high care and high overprotection. reported high perceived social support, but 'affectionless control'(low care and high overprotection) reported low perceived social support. The group of high perceived social support showed higher parental care and higher coping than low one. The group of high coping showed higher parental care, lower parental overprotection and higher perceived social support than low one. Findings from this study linking retrospective accounts of early parental relationships to current working models concerning the nature of supportive relationships are consistent with attachment theory that individual who, as children, experienced relationships with their parents that were independent-encourage. affectionate, and not overprotective developed working models of others as available to provide social support. This study confirmed that perceived social support significantly related to coping in dealing with stress.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2022

The first purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of pork traceability data, which is monthly time-series data, and to draw implications with regard to its usefulness. The second purpose is to construct a dynamic ecological equation model (DEEM) that reflects the biological characteristics at each growth stage, such as pregnancy, birth and growth, and the slaughter of pigs, using traceability data. With the monthly pig model devised in this study, it is expected that the number of slaughtered animals (supply) that can be shipped in the future is predictable and that policy simulations are possible. However, this study was limited to traceability data and focused only on building a supply-side model. As a result of verifying the traceability data, it was found that approximately 6% of farms produce by mixing great grand parent (GGP), grand parent (GP), parent stock (PS), and artificial insemination (AI), meaning that it is necessary to separate them by business type. However, the analysis also showed that the coefficient values estimated by constructing an equation for each growth stage were consistent with the pig growth outcomes. Also, the model predictive power test was excellent. For this reason, it is judged that the model design and traceability data constructed with the cohort and the dynamic ecological equation model system considering biological growth and shipment times are excellent. Finally, the model constructed in this study is expected to be used as basic data to inform producers in their decision-making activities and to help with governmental policy directions with regard to supply and demand. Research on the demand side is left for future researchers.