• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.55-70
• /
• 2010

Although scholarly terminology should have clear meanings as signs, Korean pagoda terminology has become jargon and is creating difficulties in communicating meanings which are far from the originally intended meanings; this terminology is sometimes notated in dead language, meaning old Chinese characters, or Japanese styled Chinese characters. Nobody has asked questions on the terminology itself which has long been commonly used for a century, since the Japanese-ruling period. One of the main reasons for this error is that the Indian Buddhist scriptures in Sanskrit has been translated into Chinese with vague understanding of form and meaning of stupa since 3rd Century A.D. On the other hand, the English-language terminology, already built by Indology scholars since the beginning of the 20th century, consists of easier language and clearer meanings. This paper examines misunderstanding and mistranslation of the original Indian stupa terms and suggests new terminology in current, easier language.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2021

It is difficult to accurately extract features of pedestrian because the pedestrian is photographed at a crosswalk using a camera positioned higher than the pedestrian. In addition, it is more difficult to extract features when a part of the pedestrian's body is covered by an umbrella or parasol or when the pedestrian is holding an object. Representative methods to solve this problem include Object Detection, Instance Segmentation, and Pose Estimation. Among them, this study intends to use the Pose Estimation method. In particular, we intend to increase the recognition rate of pedestrians in crosswalks by maintaining the image resolution through HigherHRNet and applying the foot estimation technique. Finally, we show the superiority of the proposed method by applying and analyzing several data sets covered by body parts to the existing method and the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.235-237
• /
• 2011

최근 USN 기술은 건축, 물류, 통신 등 전 산업에 걸쳐 다양한 분야에서 활용 되어 삶의 질을 향상 시키고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 USN 기술을 파라솔에 적용한 스마트 파라솔 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 시스템은 환경 센서를 통해 환경정보를 실시간으로 수집하고 모니터링 할 수 있으며 수집된 환경정보를 바탕으로 파라솔을 제어할 수 있는 시스템이다. 제안하는 시스템은 연안습지, 유명 관광지등 에서 관광객들에게 휴식을 취할 수 있는 편의공간을 제공할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 관광지의 정보를 제공함으로써 관광지의 위상을 제고 할수 있다.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2005

A new condensation process for manufacturing N-acyl taurates which generates less pollutant and produces more than 60 % yield in comparison with the conventional process has been developed in this work. Its optimum process conditions are at $210{\sim}230^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature and 6 ~ 9 hour of reaction time when Parasol 123 of petroleum refired oil is employed as process solvent and mixed catalysts of sulfonic acid and phosphoric acid are utilized as process catalyst. And the qualities of N-acyl taurates produced by this new process are similar to or better than those of imported product judging from their acid value, amine value and color. Thus, it can be said that the newly developed process for manufacturing N-acyl taurates in this work is better than the conventional process. The physical properties of N-acyl taurates produced in this work such as surface tension, foaming power, foaming stability, hard water stability, and emulsifying power etc. were compared with those of commercially available anionic surfactants. And the experimental results show that N-acyl taurates shows good physical properties and that they can be alternative to conventional anionic surfactants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.293-304
• /
• 1997

This paper is a study on the expression of Clothing and Textiles recorded in $\boxDr$Eigamono-katary$\boxUl$This book is a novel de-scribed the Royal Court from 883 till 1107. In this book many kinds of Garments Orna-ments Colors and Materials were mentioned. But in this paper 69 kinds of Garments and Ornaments were reserched and the rest will be reported in the next paper, The discoveries of this paper were as follows. 1. All the things of this book were reflections of the reality in Heian period. 2. The main styling of that period was a little bit soft but the straight silhouette were fashioned, . In that time Clothing had a special meaning and the manner for a fashion was very important, .3 In the female garments Karakoromo were developed many kinds of pattern by dyeing method, Especially the Surizome was fashioned very much. 4. there were many kinds of gray tone like as clerical robe and mouning dress. This was the effection of Buddism style. 5. The decoration of fablics and garments were usualized for instance smooding and luster by beating and starch sewuing a piece of gold silver and shell nakabe and knot bend. Shawl Yumaki and Kosizasi was a charming point of that time, . 6, hair decoration shose parasol rain coat etc, . were developed and use freuently.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.186-195
• /
• 2008

This works were developed for showing the diversity in natural and unnatural compositions. Floral designs works were created by using potted plant. Structures of spherical, cylindrical, pyramidal, and parasol type were constructed ahead of decoration with potted plants. Containers made of transparent umbrella, pottery, jute, etc. were used for planting plants. Novel ideas to decorate uncomfortable spaces were presented. As appreciation period of potted plants is long, it is expected that the designs and works using potted plants will be suitably utilized in various space.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.64-64
• /
• 2017

노지 고추 수확작업은 7~9월에 걸쳐 5~6회 수행되며 가장 더운 한 여름의 태양볕에 노출되어 장시간 수확작업을 하며 노지채소 및 고추 수확작업시 자외선 과다 노출되어 악성흑생종, 광선각화증, 편평세포 암 및 각종 피부암발생의 원인되기 때문에 적절한 해가림 장치의 설계가 필요하다. 해를 가려주는 장치에 사용되는 재질로는 우산 및 양산에 널리 사용되어지는 섬유로 폴리에스테르를 선정하였으며 두께로 우산의 재질로 많이 사용되는 75 denier을 채택하였다. 코팅의 종류로는 Foam, Milky, Silver, 폴리우레탄을 채택하여 섬유의 코팅 종류에 따른 차단 효과를 실험하였다. 실험 방법으로서는 KS K 0850 텍스타일의 자외선 차단율 및 차단지수 시험방법에 의거 하여 실험하였다. 자외선 UV-A(365n/m), UV-B(315n/m) 측정장치는 자외선 센서, UV램프, 인디케이터로 구성된 측정기를 이용하였으며 각 재료별 5회 반복 실시하여 평균치를 산출 하였다. UV-A(365n/m) 측정값으로는 FOAM, MILKY코팅이 된 섬유재질이 KS의 우산 및 양산품질표시기준에 부합하여 해가림 장치에 사용이 적절하였으며 UV-B(315n/m) 파장 차단율 측정값으로는 KS의 우산 및 양산품질표시기준에 모두 부합되었다. 또한 해가림 장치는 태양고도에 따라 각도를 조절 가능한 형태로 설계하였으며 직사광선이 가장 강한 시간대인 10시부터 12시를 기준하여 틸팅의 최대 각도는 20도로 개발하였다. 또한 바람에 의한 날림현상을 방지하고 통풍효과를 높이기 위해서 해가림 장치의 섬유를 2중 구조로 설계하여 바람의 순환이 되게하였다.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 1990

This study was carried out to explore the illness-related activities of the menopaused women. To achieve such a purpose, sixty-six cases of the middle aged women were sampled the naturally and the artificially menopaused group respectively from 1st, Aug. to 31th, Aug. in 1988. For the collection of data, 1, 140 women aged between 45-54 were selected through stratified sampling techniques in urban and rural area. Among them the final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced menopause naturally or artificially. And then, after control for age and education analysis was performed. The data was analysed by use of frequency, percentage, $X^2-test,$ t-test, Pearson correlation coefficiency and stop-wise multiple regression. The obtained results were as follows. I. As for the se1f-perception on menopausal symptoms, it was revealed than Korean women, neithe in naturally and artificially, accepted the change of menstruation itself as serious. This shows us that middle-aged women had positively receptive attitudes that the change of menstruation is follwed by amenorrhea. 2. The artificially menopaused group scored more than the naturally one: (I) on the self-control activities such as self-assessment, lay-consultation, fever check, pulse check and observation of vagina discharge, (2) on the self-decision activities such as hospital and pharmacy utilization, (3) on the self maintenance activities such as walking, aerobic, weight check, skin care, skin protect, calori control diet control, milk intake, vegetable intake, cold water drinking before meal, parasol use and BP check The above results lead us that the self care practices of the menopaused women revealed' coping wit I menopausal symptoms at the first level in community and must be developed by the adequate nursin intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.1124-1138
• /
• 1997

This study intended to investigate the concept of Clothing Involvement and Brand and to provide useful basic data for building on affective brand strategy. The purpose of this study is as follows: first, It is to measure the result of Brand Extension attitudes and Brand Extension items by clothing involvement (high involvement/low involvement). Second, It is to classify the factors of Clothing Involvement which suggested in theoretical research and to clarify correlation between clothing involvement factor and brand evaluation, brand extension attitudes. Third, It is to investigate the affect that clothing involvement, demographic variable and brand type on Brand Extension Evaluation. Subjects of this study were the adult women in Seoul, who were extracted by sampling randomly during the fall of 1995. Questionnaire was used as major method of gathering data. They were analyzed by the SAS method such as Frequency, Anova, Duncan, Correlation, multiple regression, Factor analysis. Main result of this study were as follows : 1. In brand extension attitude evaluation by high-involve group and low-involve group, quality, reputation and buying intension of brand extension attitudes showed significant difference. B brand extension attitudes and items of high-involve group was high compare to low-involve stoup. High-involve group evaluated watch, underwear, shoes and stocking of extension items highly, and there is no involvement difference of perfume, parasol, cushion. 2. In order to classify the dimension of Clothing Involvement, it was carried out factor analysis. 1 found that Clothing Involvement was composed of 4 factors, namely, interest - fashion.perceived risk symbolism. Correlation between clothing involvement and brand extension attitude was as followed; Interest factor of clothing involvement was correlated the existing brand attitude. Brand preference of the existing brand attitude was related the image of brand extension attitude, interest of advertising was the quality and the reputation-image was the buying intension. 3. For evaluation of a factor influenced on Brand Extension, it was produced multiple -regression test. Demographic variables and brand types had some influence of Clothing Involvement and Clothing Involvement had on brand extension. 27% of interest, 26% of symbolism was explained by brand types and 15% of fashion, 6% of perceived risk was explained by brand types, demographic variables. And, 10% of brand extension was explained by interest, fashion and symbolism.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.20-30
• /
• 2013

'Paulownia tree', one of a tree species which has been with human civilization, has been widely used as a garden plant. The purpose of this study is to investigate concrete species of 'paulownia tree,' which had been planted in Korean traditional garden, the position of plantation, and consider its usefulness therefrom. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. As the result of considering old literatures as encyclopedia, agricultural book (農書), gardening book, etc., there's a difference in the description of 'paulownia tree' depending on the complier, as well, the classification of concrete species is quite ambiguous. Therefore, it judged a limit which is planted based on point of the compass is not apply to species of tress of paulownia tree. Merely, the point of suitability and evasion(宜忌) related to the plantation of 'paulownia tree' could be identified in "Jeungbosanrimgyeongje(增補山林經濟) and "Imwongyeongjeji(林園經濟志)", not "Sanrimgyeongje (山林經濟)". 2. It could be confirmed again through poetry and prose which describe old garden that the words such as 'O(梧)', 'Dong(桐)', 'Odong(梧桐)', etc. were used without significant division. However, it is supposed that the species 'Odong' which was actually adopted at the garden might be Catalpa as well including Korean Paulownia and Chinese parasol tree. 3. It is considered that the reference point of suitability and evasion(宜忌) regarding 'paulownia tree' plantation was not generally applied. That is, species of paulownia tree was not divided for planting according to direction, as well, they seemed to willingly plant paulownia trees nearby the house as well, e.g. front yard or nearby yard, etc. 4. The usefulness of paulownia tree as a garden plant of an old garden played a role of 'the messenger of fall,' emphasizing a sense of the season. 5. Paulownia tree has another usefulness as a tree which adds an Ephemeral landscape. Therefore, the ancient people considered 'paulownia tree' that goes with 'the moon' the best, and enjoyed the quaint beauty of those two are juxtaposed. Also, 'paulownia tree' was utilized as a tree which adds an atmosphere of a rainy day, such as enjoying the sound of rain dropping on the 'paulownia tree', etc. The limitation of this study is that the research was performed being restricted to the translation among lots of Chinese references. Later-on task of research is the necessity of a more in-depth study through the discover of new historical sources and the accumulation of translation outcome.