• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2879-2884
• /
• 2007

Dynamic responses of electrorheological (ER) fluids in steady pressure flow to stepwise electric field excitations are investigated experimentally. The transient periods under various applied electric fields and flow velocities were determined from the pressure behavior of the ER fluid in the flow channel with two parallel-plate electrodes. The pressure response times were exponentially decreased with the increase of the flow velocity, but increased with the increase of the applied electric field strength. In order to investigate the cluster structure formation of the ER particles, it was verified using the flow visualization technique that the transient response of ER fluids in the flow mode is assigned to the densification process in the competition of the electric field-induced particle attractive interaction forces and the hydrodynamic forces, unlike that in the shear mode determined by the aggregation process.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1980

The fluid static pressure has been generally measured by means of a small hole leading to a measuring instrument. In case of viscoelastic fluids, however, it has been shown experimentally that a systematic error exists in measuring the static pressure by means of the small hole becuase viscoelasitc fluids have many properties that can not be observed in Newtonian fluids. In this paper, in order to examine the mechanism of the errors in measuring the static pressure of viscoelasitc fluids, flow patterns in the vicinity of static pressure measuring hole were photographically taken and observed graphically. The experiments to take photographs of flow patterns were performed by a parallel plate channel with the steady two-dimensional shear flow of viscoelastic fluids. Results of the experiment are classified as following three regions; (1) Arched symmetrical flow pattern region. (2) Asymmetrical flow pattern region. (3) Rectilinear symmetricl flow pattern region.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2010년 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.305-307
• /
• 2010

In this study, we develop a method to achieve heat transfer enhancement inside a square duct with high aspect ratio without changing any inner structures. Especially, a method to lower the possible maximum temperature is suggested if constant heat flux is provided to single surface of square duct. Knowing the fact that heat transfer rate is inversely proportional to flow area, we proposed tapered channel concept which uses narrower gap toward the flow exit where the maximum temperature is expected. To maintain equivalent power consumption, inlet section has been enlarged. To verify the proposed concept, experimental tests have been performed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 2003

This paper reports the fluid flow and heat transfer around a module cooled by forced air flow generated by a piezoelectric(PZT) cooling fan. A flexible PZT fan with distortion in a fluid transport system of comparatively simple structure which was mounted on a PCB in a parallel-plate channel($450{\times}80{\times}700mm^3$) accelerates surrounding fluid locally. Input voltages of 20-100V and a resonance frequency of 23Hz were used to vibrate the cooling fan. Input power to the module was 4W. The cooling effect using a PZT fan was larger than that of free convection. Fluid flow around the module were visualized by using PIV system. The temperature distribution around heated module were visualized by using liquid crystal film(LCF). We found that the flow type was y-shaped and the cooling effect was increased by the wake generated by a piezoelectric cooling fan.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 2009

Experimental study on a cross-flow air-cooled plate heat exchanger (PHE) was performed. Two types of PHEs were manufactured either with single-wave plates or with double-wave plates in parallel. Cooling air flows through the PHEs in a crosswise direction against internal hot water. The heat exchanger aims to substitute open-loop cooling towers with closed-loop water circulation, which guarantees cleanliness and compactness. In this study, prototype single-wave and double-wave PHEs were designed and tested in a laboratory scale experiments. From the tests, the double-wave PHE shows approximately 50% enhanced heat transfer performance compared to the single-wave PHE. However, the double-wave PHE costs 30% additional pressure drop. For the commercialization, a wide channel design for air flow would be essential for performance and reliability.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권12호
• /
• pp.1861-1868
• /
• 2001

Vortical structures in the near-wake region of a cubic obstacle are studied using numerical simulation. We consider flow between two parallel plates with a cube mounted on one of the plates. In the turbulent near-wake region of the flow, coherent structures such as hairpin vortices are found. Quasi-periodic behavior of the hairpin vortices is noticed; its dimensionless frequency at Re=1,000 is about 0.82 which is consistent with the result of Elavarasan of et al.'s experiment [Fluid Dyn. Research, 2000, 27] although their geometry is somewhat different from on. In the case of Re=3,500, the dimensionless frequency of the hairpin vortex is about 1.60. It is observed that the translating speed of the head of the hairpin vortex is lower than the streamwise mean velocity at that location. In the vicinity of the lower plate downstream of the cube, various length scales are identified thus less coherent. However, it is noticed that the vortical structures become gradually elongated downstream of the new reattachment.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.190-196
• /
• 2006

Transparent materials are widely used in the fields of optic parts and bio industry. We have experiment to find out the characteristics of the micromachining inside transparent materials using femtosecond laser pulses. With its non-linear effects by very high peak intensity, filament (plasma channel) was formed by the cause of the self-focusing and the self-defocusing. Physical damage could be found when the intensity is high enough to give rise to the thermal stress or evaporation. At the vicinity of the power which makes the visible damage or modification, the structural modification occurs with the slow scanning speed. According to the polarization direction to the scanning direction, the filament quality is quite different. There is a good quality when the polarization direction is parallel to the scanning direction. For fine filament, we could suggest the conditions of the high numerical aperture lens, the short shift of focusing point, the low scanning speed and the low power below 20 mW. As the examples of optics parts, we fabricated the fresnel zone plate with the $225{\mu}m$ diameter and Y-bend optical wave guide with the $5{\mu}m$ width.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.1741-1752
• /
• 2006

A combined Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin method (SUPG) and segregated finite element algorithm for solving conjugate heat transfer problems where heat conduction in a solid is coupled with heat convection in viscous fluid flow is presented. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin method is used for the analysis of viscous thermal flow in the fluid region, while the analysis of heat conduction in solid region is performed by the Galerkin method. The method uses the three-node triangular element with equal-order interpolation functions for all the variables of the velocity components, the pressure and the temperature. The main advantage of the presented method is to consistently couple heat transfer along the fluid-solid interface. Four test cases, which are the conjugate Couette flow problem in parallel plate channel, the counter-flow in heat exchanger, the conjugate natural convection in a square cavity with a conducting wall, and the conjugate natural convection and conduction from heated cylinder in square cavity, are selected to evaluate efficiency of the presented method.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2004

The present study has been performed to investigate the influences of rectangular fins on heat transfer in an impingement/effusion cooling system with crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2 times of the hole diameter. The crossflow passes between the plates, and various rectangular fins are installed on the plates. Reynolds number based on the hole diameter is fixed to 10,000 and the flow rate of crossflow is changed from 0.5 to 1.5 times of that of the impinging jet. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to obtain the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate. Also to analyze the flow characteristics, a numerical calculation is performed. When rectangular fins are installed, the flow and heat transfer pattern is changed greatly from case without fins. In the injection hole region, the jet impinges on effusion plate without deflection and wall jet spreads symmetrically. In the effusion region, the crossflow accelerates due to the decrease of cross-sectional area in the channel. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients are enhanced significantly compared to case without fins. As the blowing ratio increases, the effect of fins against the crossflow becomes more significant and then the higher average heat/mass transfer coefficients are obtained than the case without fins.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 1997

직선형(Type 1), 곡선형(Type 2) 및 병렬형 (Type 3) baffle을 설치한 역삼투용 판틀형 모듈을 설계 제작하였으며 NaCl과 sucrose 용액을 각각의 모듈에 공급하여 용액농도 및 운전압력등이 분리특성에 미치는 효과를 측정하고 각 모듈의 특성치를 비교하였다. 운전압력 35bar, 원료 공급유량 6 l/min 이내의 운전조건에서 Type 3가 투과선속 및 배제율 측면에서 가장 우수하였다. NaCl 수용액의 경우, Type 1에 대한 Type 2 및 3의 투과선속 향상율은 운전압력이 증가함에 따라서 감소하였다: 1wt% NaCl 수용액에 대한 Type 3 투과선속 향상율은 10bar 근처에서 약 100%이었으나 35bar에서는 약 10%로 감소하였다. 그러나 sucrose 수용액에 대한 Type 2 및 3의 투과선속 향상율은 농도 및 운전압력에 따라서 크게 변화하였다. 또한 Type 3의 경우, 원료용액의 공급속도 변화에 따른 투과선속의 의존성은 거의 선형적으로 나타났으며 이는 baffle이 존재하지 않는 난류영역에서 보다 큰 값이었다.