• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.824-831
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• 2014

In this study, structural variations and overlay errors caused by multiple patterning lithography techniques to print narrow parallel metal interconnects are investigated. Resistance and capacitance parasitic of the six lines of parallel interconnects printed by double patterning lithography (DPL) and triple patterning lithography (TPL) are extracted from a field solver. Wide parameter variations both in DPL and TPL processes are analyzed to determine the impact on signal propagation. Simulations of 10% parameter variations in metal lines show delay variations up to 20% and 30% in DPL and TPL, respectively. Monte Carlo statistical analysis shows that the TPL process results in 21% larger standard variation in delay than the DPL process. Crosstalk simulations are conducted to analyze the dependency on the conditions of the neighboring wires. As expected, opposite signal transitions in the neighboring wires significantly degrade the speed of signal propagation, and the impact becomes larger in the C-worst metals patterned by the TPL process compared to those patterned by the DPL process. As a result, both DPL and TPL result in large variations in parasitic and delay. Therefore, an accurate understanding of variations in the interconnect parameters by multiple patterning lithography and adding proper margins in the circuit designs is necessary.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2004

골격선 추출에 대한 향상된 디지털 이미지를 획득하기 위해서 효과적인 골격화 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 임계값을 이용한 이진화를 거친 후에 본 방법을 적용하여 영상 골격화 효율을 높이고자 한다. 기존의 골격화 방법은 Rutovits, Stefabelli 그리고 그 외에 5가지 방법을 사용하였다. 기존의 방법은 많은 부분에서 팽창과 잡음가지들이 생성되어 골격화를 이루는데 어려운 점이 많았다. 그러나 제안된 방법은 수정된 병렬처리 단계를 통해서 먼저 문제점들을 제거하였고, 첨가하여 제안된 8가지 제거 조건들에 일치하면 중앙 화소를 제거하여 골격화 품질을 향상시켰다.

• Journal of KIEE
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2000

An equivalent load sharing control based on the frequency and voltage droop concept for parallel operation of two three-phase Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems with no control interconnection lines is presented in this paper. First of all, due to the use of active power and reactive power as control variables, the characteristics of output powers according to amplitude and phase differences between output voltages of two UPS systems are analyzed. Secondly, simulation results under different line impedance demonstrate the feasibility of the wireless parallel operation control. Finally, experiments are presented to verify the theoretical discussion with two three-phase 20kVA UPS systems employed TMS320C32, a kind of real time digital signal processor (DSP).

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.499-506
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• 2013

The accurate estimation of a fault location is desired in distance protection schemes for transmission lines in order to selectively deactivate a faulted line. However, a typical method to estimate a fault location by calculating impedances with voltages and currents at relaying points may have errors due to various factors such as the mutual impedances of lines, fault impedances, or effects of parallel circuits. The proposed algorithm in this paper begins by extracting the fundamental phasor of the positive sequence currents from the three phase currents. The second-order difference of the phasor is then calculated based on the fundamental phasor of positive sequence currents. The traveling times of the waves generated by a fault are derived from the second-order difference of the phasor. Finally, the distance from the relaying point to the fault is estimated using the traveling times. To analyze the performance of the algorithm, a power system with EHV(Extra High Voltage) untransposed double-circuit transmission lines is modeled and simulated under various fault conditions, such as several fault types, fault locations, and fault inception angles. The results of the simulations show that the proposed algorithm has the capability to estimate the fault locations with high speed and accuracy.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2011

방향성 결합기는 RF 및 마이크로파 대역에서 신호를 분배하거나 감시하는 데 이용된다. 본 논문에서는 마이크로스트립 선로로 구현한 결합선로를 이용한 새로운 구조의 브랜치 선로 방향성 결합기를 제안하였다. 브랜치 선로 방향성 결합기는 결합도가 낮아지면 병렬로 연결된 선로의 특성 임피던스가 높아서 마이크로스트립 선로로 구현하기 어려워진다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 단락된 평형 결합 선로를 이용하여 높은 특성 임피던스를 구현하였다. 제안한 브랜치 선로 방향성 결합기의 시뮬레이션 결과 및 제작하여 측정한 결과를 보였다. 제작한 10 dB 브랜치 선로 방향성 결합기는 10% 대역폭에서 반사 손실이 30 dB 이상, 8% 대역폭에서 고립도 35 dB 이상인 결과를 보였다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2018

This study tries to infer fault lines and produce a map for the lines based on a classification of fault-related landforms and fluvial landformsin the Gyeongju area of the Yangsan Fault Valley. Fault activities in the study area are thought to be older than the time of river formation or stronger than the erosion by river, while the northern and southern parts of the study area seem to have experienced fault activities after valley formation. It is also possible that weaker fault activities than the erosion by river seem to have been prevailed in the parts. In the study area, the Gyeongju alluvial fan is located within a wide erosional valley at the joint area of the Yangsan and Ulsan Faults. From the distribution of the landforms, it is inferred that several fault lines parallel to the Yangsan Fault are distributed at both sides of the fault valley. In particular, the area from Bae-dong to Nogok-ri, Naenam-myeon shows the most obvious linearity of the landforms within the study area. Several fault lines with a direction of NNE-SSW are also found around the epicenter of the 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 일반적인 반 파장 평행 결합 선로 대역 통과 필터의 입 출력 결합 선로를 K-인버터로 변환하고, K-인버터를 $\pi$-형 전송선 등가로 대체함으로써 $\pi$-형 전송선 급전 구조를 갖는 구조의 대역 통과 필터를 제안하였다. 이 방법은 반 파장 결합 선로 대역 통과 필터의 입 출력 결합 선로 구현 문제에 대한 해결 방안을 제시한다. 또한, 기존의 탭 선로(tapped line) 구조의 설계 방법에 비해 설계 식이 매우 간단하고 정확하여, 특성의 적정화를 위한 노력과 시간을 상당히 줄일 수 있다. 제안된 이론을 바탕으로 $\pi$-형 전송선 급전 구조를 갖는 구조의 대역 통과 필터를 설계 및 제작하였고, 그 결과로부터 제안 방법의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2000

This paper describes the magnetic orientation of bull sperm separated into the head and the flagellum treated by DTT or heparin in a 5,400G static field. Semen samples collected from four bulls (Japanese Black) were mixed to the same sperm density. One percentage triton X-100 was used to extract the plasma membrane. The intact and demembranated sperm suspensions were treated with 20, 200, 2,000 mM DTT, 100, 1,000 or 10,000 units heparin solutions at $4^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. The decondensation of the sperm nuclei treated by DTT or heparin was examined by measuring the head area at 1, 3 and 6 days. After measuring the area, each sample was exposed to a 5,400G static magnetic field generated by Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets for 24 hours at room temperature. Results showed that the sperms were separated into the head and the flagellum through the DTT treatment. Almost of the separated heads showed that their long axis oriented perpendicularly to the magnetic lines of force, and most of the long axis perpendicularly oriented heads showed that their flat plane oriented perpendicularly in a 5,400G magnetic field. Also, the demembranation of the head tended to increase those perpendicular orientations, while those perpendicular orientations of the head declined with the decondensation of the sperm nuclei. These findings suggest that strong magnetic anisotropy for the perpendicular orientation of the long axis and the flat plane of the head occurs in the sperm nuclei in a 5,400G magnetic field. The separated flagellum showed lower parallel orientation, and the separated and demembranated flagellum showed parallel orientation to the magnetic lines of force in this magnetic field. These findings suggest that weak magnetic anisotropy of the parallel orientation of the flagellum occurs in the inside components in a 5,400G field.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject's face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible. RESULTS. The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees. CONCLUSION. The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.643-646
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• 2005

This letter proposes a band-pass filter (BPF) with two transmission zeros based on a combination of parallel coupling and end coupling of half-wave transmission lines. The fabricated BPF exhibited a narrow bandwidth and two transmission zeros near the pass-band due to the end-coupled and shielding waveguide. At the center operation frequency of 60 GHz, the 20 dB bandwidth of the BPF is 1.0 GHz, which is almost 2% of the center operation frequency, and the insertion loss is 3.12 dB. Two transmission zeros reach approximately 40 dB at 58.5 and 62.5 GHz. The simulation results almost agree with the measured results.