• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.741-777
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• 2016

A simplified approach of assessing torsionally balanced (TB) and torsionally unbalanced (TU) low-medium rise buildings of up to 30 m in height is presented in this paper for regions of low-to-moderate seismicity. The Generalised Force Method of Analysis for TB buildings which is illustrated in the early part of the paper involves calculation of the deflection profile of the building in a 2D analysis in order that a capacity diagram can be constructed to intercept with the acceleration-displacement response spectrum diagram representing seismic actions. This approach of calculation on the planar model of a building which involves applying lateral forces to the building (waiving away the need of a dynamic analysis and yet obtaining similar results) has been adapted for determining the deflection behaviour of a TU building in the later part of the paper. Another key original contribution to knowledge is taking into account the strong dependence of the torsional response behaviour of the building on the periodic properties of the applied excitations in relation to the natural periods of vibration of the building. Many of the trends presented are not reflected in provisions of major codes of practices for the seismic design of buildings. The deflection behaviour of the building in response to displacement controlled (DC) excitations is in stark contrast to behaviour in acceleration controlled (AC), or velocity controlled (VC), conditions, and is much easier to generalise. Although DC conditions are rare with buildings not exceeding 30 m in height displacement estimates based on such conditions can be taken as upper bound estimates in order that a conservative prediction of the displacement profile at the edge of a TU building can be obtained conveniently by the use of a constant amplification factor to scale results from planar analysis.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2008

이 연구는 비교교육학의 개념과 중요성을 살펴보고, 우리나라 비교교육학의 역사와 발전과정, 그리고 현재 대학에서 이루어지고 있는 비교교육학의 현황과 실태를 연구하고자 하였다. 우리나라의 비교교육학은 다른 교육학의 세부전공들과 비교하여 나름대로 독자적인 학문분야로서의 정체성을 확립한지 그리 오래되지 않았기 때문에 아직도 대학에서 독립적인 전공분야로 자리매김하고 있지는 않으나, 최근 국제화 추세와 더불어 외국교육과 관련된 다양한 분야, 예컨대 외국의 교육제도, 교육정책, 교육개혁 동향 등에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 비교교육학의 학문적 중요성과 그 활용이 강조되고 있다. 이에 동 연구는 우리나라 대학에서의 비교교육학 교육현황에 대한 전반적 실태를 알아보기 위하여 첫째, 한국대학에서의 비교교육학 발전과정을 살펴보고, 둘째, 한국 대학에서의 비교교육학 교육현황을 조사하였다. 현황 조사는 다음과 같은 다섯 항목 1) 4년제 대학 중 비교교육 관련 강좌를 제공하는 대학(수), 2) 비교교육 관련 강좌의 수업목표, 3) 커리큘럼 및 강좌명, 4) 강의 방법과 교재현황, 5) 한국대학의 비교교육 강좌와 관련된 문제점 및 제언 등으로 나누어, 전국 4년제 대학을 대상으로 설문과 인터뷰 조사를 실시하였다. 이와 더불어, 한국 비교교육학의 실태에 대한 외국과의 비교분석을 위하여 외국 대학들의 비교교육학 발전과정과 교육동향을 문헌연구를 통해 알아보았다. 동연구는 우리나라 대학 비교교육학 교육현황에 대한 첫 조사연구로서, 대학에서의 비교교육학 강좌의 필요성과 중요성에 대한 재확인과 함께 외국 대학의 비교교육학 발전현황에 대한 탐색을 통하여 우리나라 비교교육학의 발전 방향에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

A peculiar virus-like disease of tomato showing yellow mosaic and necrotic spots on leaves and necrosis on veins, petioles and stems was observed at the Tomato Experimental Station (TES), Buyeo, Chungcheongnamdo, Korea. The disease incidence at TES fields ranged from 21 to 35% infecting different tomato cultivars. For this reason, to identify the virus infecting tomato and to characterize the virus based on biology, serology, cytology and at molecular level. Here, leaf samples were randomly collected from different infected tomato cultivars at TES fields and greenhouses and tested by ELISA using Pepper mottle virus (PePMoV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) antisera. Infected saps were mechanically inoculated in different host plants to test for pathogenicity, symptomatology and host ranges. Infected tissues and ultrathin sections were examined by electron microscopy. Finally, putative coat protein and 3'-untranslated region (CP/3'-UTR) fragment was amplified and cloned for sequence determination and analyzed its genetic relationship to existing PepMoV and PVY sequences at the Genbank. Results showed 69% of the samples were positive with PepMoV, 13% with ToMV and 19 % were doubly infected with PepMoV and ToMV. Symptoms greatly varied from different host plants inoculated with tomato leaf sap infected with PepMoV alone and discussed in detailed in this paper. Electron microscopy from infected tissues showed filamentous particles of 720-750nm in length, a typical morphology and size of PepMoV. In addition, cylindrical inclusion bodies, pinwheels, scrolls and laminates with masses of fibrillar inclusions were also found in ultrathin sections. Alignment of the sequences of the CP/3'-UTR revealed >96% sequence identity with PepMoV and only <61% with PVY. Taken together, all these evidences presented clearly indicated that the causal agent infecting tomato at TES was PepMoV and we designated this PepMoV infecting tomato as Tom-sd2 strain in this study.