• The monthly packaging world
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• s.111
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• pp.66-71
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• 2002

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.124
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• pp.54-59
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• 2003

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.126
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• pp.76-77
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• 2003

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2010

Investigating the trend of online gamers plays an important role in forecasting, marketing and making policy decision in gaming industry. In this regards, various studies on gamers' trend and characteristics have been conducted. However, these precedent studies show limitation that they're static analysis since they are usually based on the surveys at a certain point. Therefore, this paper aims to identify some implications on forthcoming directions of gaming industry by analyzing dynamic trend of gamers based on the 8 years(from 2002 to 2009) of data from White Paper on Korean Games. Major implications found in this paper are as follows. Negative perception of games increases as the number of gamers increases. Among juveniles, games became a substitute for TV and the amount of time they play games depends on the existence and type of popular games of that time. Also, most item trading is intensively done by a small number of gamers.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.75-106
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• 2015

The primary goal of this paper is to explore the microeconomic foundation of Korean firms' adoption of foreign technologies. The paper also reviews the overall trend of international technology transfers to Korea. The period covered in this paper is Korea's high growth era, from the 1960s to the 1990s. The works of this paper center on the two questions of what characterizes foreign technologies which had been imported through licensing contracts, and which driving forces expedite technology adoption by firms. The Korean experience provides the context of success in the catch-up growth. The co-movement of technology imports with capital goods imports manifests Korea's effort to improve the technical efficiency toward the world frontier. Underlying this trend are firms' decisions to adopt new technologies. The paper shows that firms respond proactively to wage increases by adopting newer technologies and thus, in turn, increasing employment, which implies the existence of a virtuous interactive mechanism among these factors.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 1998

The main focus of this paper is to provide clear understanding about the concept of make-up as total fashion by defining the essential meaning of it. First, we would like to go over the concept of make-up and total fashion, then analyze the make-up image, the changes of colors and images of make-up overtime and fashion that have influenced over those changes. In this paper, we analyze the trend of fashion and make-up in 1990s and their relevancy. Through this paper we hope that make-up can be accepted as a part of total fashion in its relationship with other elements such as shoes, clothes and accessory and that it can be considered as a independent art that has direct influence on people. The trend of Spring/Summer between 1990 and 92is the image of natural beauty and comfortable and modernistic image that can be experienced through nature. In 1992, there was a revival look of 1960s and 1970s. Make-up also followed this trend. The overall color tone was to give natural and stable images with pastel tone to soften the images. This tone brought back the ecology of 1960s. The theme of restoration in humanity and nostalgia was reflected in clothing, and these trend changed the ecology of make-up to peace, love and romantic ecology which was expressed in coral, blue, and green tone to create intelligent image of woman. Year 1996 could be called as color revolution period that emphasized the unique and individual expression of each person. In 1997, black, pastel and brown colors were the result of reinterpreting the classic and sexy images of 1960s to natural and modernistic image of 1997. Purple color started to be introduced to us. The beginning of 1990s Fall/Winter season was based on ecology concept that emphasized the natural image. Until 1995 it appeared that spring/summer and fall/winter trend had no big differences. But from 1995 seasonal differences in trend are appeared and there were various make-up designs. In 1995, 1996, brown color lines make-up comes to mix with romantic image and developed into wine, orange, neon colors. These color were the symbol of property and sentiment and gold make-up emphasizing the eye area was the tendency of that period. In 1997, the fear of coming end of century was expressed as decadent image and at that time ethnic image, romantic image appeared with vivid color lines, gold, red and violet.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

In the simulation output analysis, bootstrap method is an applicable resampling technique to insufficient data which are not significant statistically. The moving block bootstrap, the stationary bootstrap, and the threshold bootstrap are typical bootstrap methods to be used for autocorrelated time series data. They are nonparametric methods for stationary time series data, which correctly describe the original data. In the simulation output analysis, however, we may not use them because of the non-stationarity in the data set caused by the trend such as increasing or decreasing. In these cases, we can get rid of the trend by differencing the data, which guarantees the stationarity. We can get the bootstrapped data from the differenced stationary data. Taking a reverse transform to the bootstrapped data, finally, we get the pseudo-samples for the original data. In this paper, we introduce the applicability of bootstrap methods to the time series data having trend, and then verify it through the statistical analyses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2002

Currently, VoIP service related companies have different telephone number system according to the problem of VoIP which Have no unique number system, and they develop/use different number bits, shortening button, and so on. In this paper, for solving this problem, we analyzed the standadization trend of ITU-T and IEIE, and reserched domestic trend of VoIP number system standardization trend and use case of number system of VoIP services. According to this, we proposes three number allocation plan that satisfies the globe trend, simpleness of number allocation, and VoIP service provider's actual conditions.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.90-102
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• 2008

Hydrogen storage is widely recognized as a critical enabling technology for the successful commercialization. There are a few different approaches for hydrogen storage technology. In this paper, characteristics of hydrogen storage technologies were analyzed from the literature survey. Also, The technology trend of hydrogen production was scrutinized based on patent analysis. In patent analysis the search range was limited to the open patents issued from 1996 to 2006. The technology trend of hydrogen storage was assessed by classifying each patent based on the publishing year, country, and the type of storage technology.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.486-491
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• 2002

As the European Union has strengthened and computerized signalling systems have been widely used, the European common standards for the safety of railway signalling systems such as EN 50126, EN 50128, ENV 50129, EN 50159 began to be published from 1996 in CENELEC. At that time, a safety guideline, 'Safety Guidelines for Computerized Train Control and Protection Systems' was published in Japan. The Korean National Railroad also published a safety recommendation for the train control systems with taking into account the Korean railway conditions. Now the preparations for IEC/TC9 Standards are well underway and these standards correspond to CENELEC Standards referred above. These movements and activities are to cope with many technical and operational changes and to reflect the globalization trend of railway sectors along with the computerization of signalling devices. In this connection, this paper studies the globaliztion trend in the safety standards for railway signalling systems and discusses the counterplans for the trend.