• Title/Summary/Keyword: Paper mulberry fiber

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A study on manufacturing technologies and excellence of Korean traditional paper (전통한지의 제조 기술 및 우수성에 관한 논고(論考))

  • Jeong, Seon Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.96-131
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    • 2015
  • Hanji(Korean traditional paper) is a valuable cultural heritage highly praised, even to this date, for its importance and technology by craftsmanship of our ancestors; it is a product of a combination of craftsmanship, well-established technologies, natural paper mulberry fiber and eco-friendly and durable natural materials and mucilages. Origin of the word 'Hanji(Korean traditional paper)' is from handmade paper made of bast part of the paper mulberry; as paper manufacturing with paper machines introduced in Japan was adopted in late Joseon, paper produced previously was called 'Hanji' and paper produced with western machines was called 'Yangji(machine made paper)'. Hanji has been called by many different names and used in various ways according to materials and production methods; and the functions varied. Hanji, from the era of three states to Joseon era, has been praised for its unique and excellent quality in three Asian countries(Korea, China and Japan); its unique excellence continues to this date in many paper-related national cultural heritages. Also total of 11 cases are registered to UNESCO Memory of the World for its importance, 8 of which are associated with traditional Korean paper: Hunminjeongeum, the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Jikjisimcheyojeol, Seungjeongwon Ilgi, the Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty, Donguibogam, Ilseongnok and A War Diary. To examine excellent characteristics of conservation science in Hanji, many studies have been developed. By developing analysis and manufacturing technologies, the excellence of our Hanji should be re-verified scientifically and the tradition should continue as one of the representative Korean cultural heritages.

Improvement on Dyeability of Hanji with Natural Dyes Using a (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (양이온화 처리 한지의 천연염색성)

  • Yoo, Seung-Il;Oh, Ui-Myeong;Min, Yu-Ri;Choi, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.88-97
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    • 2011
  • We carried out cationization of Dak pulp (paper mulberry bast fiber pulp) which is raw material of Hanji (Traditional Korean Paper) using a (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride to improve dyeability during a dyeing of Hanji with Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) and smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria). Fiber specific charge densities were determined using polyelectrolyte titration method and K/S values of dyed Hanji was calculated by Kubelka-Munk equation. As the result, fiber specific charge density increased with degree of cationization. Colors of Hanji dyed with Gardenia did not vary significantly with degree of cationization, but cationized Hanji dyed with smoke tree showed a large increase of a* value and reddish yellow color. After-mordanting did not decrease K/S value of dyes with cationized Hanji. K/S values of dyed Hanji decreased with increasing dyeing temperature. For smoke tree, the cationization impair lightfastness of dyed Hanji without mordant. After-mordanting with copper acetate or iron chloride improved lightfastness of dyed Hanji.

Conservation of Sukmyeongshinhancheob of the Letters in the Hangul of Joseon Royal Family (조선 왕실의 한글편지 숙명신한첩의 보존)

  • Ahn, Jiyoon;Kim, Hyojee
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.12
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    • pp.77-88
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    • 2011
  • The study investigated conservation and fiber of 66 letters of Sukmyeonghancheob (national treasure No.1629) that the National Cheongju Museum kept. Before treatment, the cover was destroyed and inner paper was stained by water and humidity and destroyed by insects. One volume of King Hyojong was kept at separate frame. The author disassembled book and removed old Baejeobji and inspected paper quality of letter and tested fiber by using C-stain: The author reassembled one volume by including one letter separated after repairing destroyed area of the edge.

Properties of Natural Dyeing of Bast Fiber(Part 2) Pre mordanting dyeing of sappan wood, gardenia and gallnut (인피섬유의 천연염색 및 염색성(제 2보) 소목, 치자, 오배자의 선매염 염색)

  • Park, Myung-Ox;Yoon, Seung-Lak
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2010
  • To investigate natural dyeing properties of bast fiber, properties of pre mordanting dyeing of sappan wood, gardenia and gallnut such as K/S values, developed color, and fastness were evaluated. Silk showed the most increased K/S values by pre mordanting treatment when Fe was uses as a mordant. The optimized amount of Fe was 3%. The colors of sappan wood was a series of YR. After pre mordanting treatment with Fe, the colors of bast fiber of mulberry and silk showed a series of RP, and the color of cotton showed a series of Y. The color of gallnut was a series of Y regardless of pre mordant treatment. Sappon wood (YR), gardenia (Y), and gallnut (Y) showed various colors such as YR, R, and RP, respectively. Sunlight fastness was not improved by pre mordanting treatment. The effect of pre mordanting treatment was not good. Especially the treatment with Al showed poor sunlight fastness.

2009 Historical Consideration of Hanji Used as Art Materials

  • Lee, Ji-Young;Kim, Chul-Hwan;Lee, Young-Rok;Baek, Gyeong-Gil;Lee, Hee-Jin;Gwak, Hye-Jung;Kim, Sung-Ho;Gang, Ha-Ryun
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.191-197
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    • 2009
  • Traditional Korean paper called Hanji using bast fibers from mulberry tree is made through complicated handmade works. This made Hanji very strong and exceedingly durable. Therefore it is said to last a thousand years. Such incomparable features of Hanji come from the unique sheet forming method called ouibalttugi using a bamboo screen. Excellent physical properties of Hanji reflect the wide variety of use, all central to everyday life. Despite its Excellency, the papermaking practice of traditional handmade paper, Hanji, from Korea is little known outside its country. This might be due to public apathy on Hanji in modern times. Without future apprentices dedicated to the craft, the Korean tradition able to make its soul is in danger of extinction in its homeland. Therefore more concern and more affection on Hanji is required immediately. It must be kept in mind that Hanji is our cultural heritage in pride over time.

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Difference of Calendering and Dochim Effects on Paper Surface Properties

  • Seo, Yung-Bum;Jun, Yang
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2007
  • Hanji is a traditional Korean handmade paper, which has been known in ancient Far East as excellent quality calligraphic paper for more than 1,500 year. Hanji is mostly made of Korean paper mulberry bast fibers, and if properly processed, normally lasts for more than 1,000 years with significant strength and still recognizable calligraphic writings or drawings on it. Dochim is a special way of Hanji calendering process, but is turned out to be quite different from modern calendering (machine calendering) in several aspects. In Dochim process, mechanical impacts were applied vertically to the surface of papers. Compared to the modern calendering, Dochim increased paper gloss much more, but paper smoothness a little less. By the Dochim process, densification occurred and the degree of densification was more sensitive to the fiber type in the Dochim process than in the calendering method.

Investigation of Paper Characteristics on Old Documents Related to the Head Family of Admiral Yi Sun-sin (이충무공 종가 관련 고문서의 지질 특성 조사)

  • Ahn, Ji Yoon;Bae, Su Bin
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.407-420
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    • 2018
  • Old documents related to the head family of admiral Yi Sun-shin have been preserved by the descendants of Deoksu Yi clan and various kinds of documents have remained even today. Seven documents issued by the king,"Goshin Gyoji", "Jeunggik Gyoji", "Gyochub", "Gyoseo", "Yuseo", "Hongpae", and "Chikmyung", showed the time when they were made. Because they have been kept in their original form, these documents make it possible to identify the characteristics of the paper used to create documents during that time and to compare the records in those documents with other cultural properties based on scientific investigation and analysis of conservation treatment processing. The characteristics of Oebal-tteugi(Heulim-tteugi) in the papermaking process were identified through the shape of the surface fibers, and Dochim processing was found in most of the old documents with the help of density measurement and paper surface analysis. All the papers were found to be made of paper mulberry, and bast fibers of mature mulberry were mainly used for the process.

Effects of Electron Beam Treatment on the Characteristics of Pulping and Papermaking of Hemp Bast Fibers (전자빔 처리가 대마 인피섬유의 펄프화 및 초지 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Bae, Paek-Hyun;Seo, Jae-Hwan;Jung, Jin-Ho;Lee, Jae-Jung;Paik, Ki-Hyun;Kim, Hyoung-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2012
  • The new alkali pulping process combined with electron beam treatment was applied to utilize hemp bast tissues as a new valuable fibrous resource. Hemp bast tissues have some chemical properties with high lignin contents and holocellulose not to be defiberized by alkali pulping only, compared with the bast tissue of paper mulberry. To make up for the weakness of traditional alkali pulping process, electron beams were directly irradiated into the swelled bast tissue of hemp in NaOH solution and distilled water, and then facilitated the defiberization of hemp bast tissues. The papermaking from hemp bast fibers manufactured by the combination pulping process showed good apparent density, formation structure and air permeability, and had some mechanical properties with lower tensile, tear, burst strength and folding endurance. It is finally concluded that the combination pulping process with electron beam treatment could be suggested a new alternative for non-woody fibers.

Orientation properties of Korean traditional paper-Hanji (전통한지의 종이 방향성)

  • Yoon, Seung-Lak;Ra, Jong-Bum
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.52-58
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    • 2013
  • To evaluate the anisotropic characteristics of Korean traditional paper-Hanji, the physical and mechanical characteristics of hand-made hanji, and machine-made hanji were investigated in this research. The densities of copying paper and newsprint paper appeared to be two times higher than the densities of hand-made hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming and hanji made of paper mulberry fiber. The breaking length, and tear index of both Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming, and hand-made Hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming appeared to be different according to the directions in paper. The breaking lengths of Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming showed little differences according to the directions. Breaking length of Hanji using Ssangbal sheet were slightly higher than those of Hanji using Owangbla sheet forming. The breaking lengths of machine-made hanji, copying paper, and newsprint paper were two to four times higher than those of hand-made Hanji. The breaking length showed higher differences according to the direction than the tear index. The tensile strength according to the directions in paper showed significant differences (${\alpha}$=0.05) in all papers used in this research.

The Design Development of Korean Paper Fashion Material through Manual Work (수작업을 통한 한지 패션 소재 디자인 개발)

  • Byun, Mi-Yeon;Lee, In-Seong
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.1205-1213
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    • 2008
  • Material is a factor for maximizing formative aspect among fashion design factors. Therefore, central axis of modern fashion is performing various trials for escaping from existing cloth and searching for artistic value. Especially, Korean paper is a formative material, which is manufactured through traditional manual work in Korea. The material is used in various fields on the basis of its aesthetic feature. Especially, fashion field performs handcraft activity on the basis of mulberry pulp, which is a prime material of Korean paper. Because the activity can be reinterpreted by world designers, who want to find motive of fashion material in the third world, it is necessary to perform experimental study for developing expressive form on the basis of diversity of Korean paper material. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to perform experimental study by focusing on the development of Korean paper material in order to express formative feature. The study purposes are as follows. The first purpose is to reinterprete the theory through actual work of fiber formation using Korean paper in the current flow where art and design field are fused and compromised. The second purpose is to suggest vision of material development on the basis of formative feature to fashion world focusing its eyesight to Asia and the third countries. The study results are as follows. First, Korean paper has been evaluated as proper material for the fusion of design and art because of its handicraft feature, long-term preservation, heat insulation, absorption, diversity and eastern feature. Second, the study performed various trials for artistic dress material by developing 12 Korean paper works and suggested the development of new material on the basis of formative feature of modem fashion industry.