• 유기물자원화
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2006

쌍용 P&G 제지공장 및 유한킴벌리 제지공장에서 발생한 제지슬러지 또는 우분을 줄지렁이의 먹이로 공급하면서 줄지렁이의 섭식량, 증체율 및 먹이에 대한 배설률을 조사하였다. 제지슬러지를 먹이로 공급하였을 경우에는 줄지렁이의 생체량이 증가하였으나, 우분을 먹이로 공급하였을 때는 먹이급이 70일 후에 지렁이 개체군이 사멸하였다. 섭식한 먹이의 지렁이 생체로의 전환률은 먹이급이 84일후에 건중량 기준으로 성충, 노령 유충 및 유령 유충 순으로 P&G 제지슬러지의 경우 0.48, 0.40, 0.76%로 유령유충이 입식된 사육상에서 높았고, 유한킴벌리 제지슬러지의 경우 0.26, 0.45, 0.42%로 성충이 입식된 사육상에서 가장 낮았다. 섭식한 먹이에 대한 지렁이의 배설률은 성충, 노령 유충 및 유령 유충 순으로 P&G 제지슬러지의 경우 49.02, 54.32, 55.39%이었고, 유한킴벌리 제지슬러지의 경우 32.22, 41.86, 40.69%로 P&G 제지슬러지에 대한 배설률이 유한 킴벌리에 대한 배설률보다 높았다. 우분에 대한 배설률은 성충, 노령 유충 및 유령 유충 각각 73.73, 57.89, 76.38%로 제지슬러지보다는 높은 배설률을 나타내었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2009

Paper mill sludges are discharged around 870,000 M/T annually. Only 30% of the paper mill sludge have been recycled and the rest has been disposed by land fill, incineration, ocean abandonment and other ways. Because of overall prohibition of sludge disposal by London Dumping Convention in 2012, a urgent counter measure for paper mill sludge must be provided. In this paper, some basic experiments were carried out to develop a tray cell pot using paper mill sludge for increasing the recycling potential of the wasted sludge. To establish the manufacturing parameters, the tray cell pots were made with three types of materials including virgin pulp, old news paper and corrugated board mixed in a blend tank of a molding machine. The bending force and moisture content of the produced tray cell pots was measured to confirm the application capability. The tray cell pot could be manufactured under the condition of over 20% of virgin pulp, 40% of old news paper added. However, the corrugated board could not be used because of the glutinous substance included. The produced tray cell pot absorbed water very easily and the bending force decreased rapidly. The waterproof material must be used to applicate the produced tray cell pot in plant growing fields.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.52-64
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• 2008

하수슬러지와 음식물 침출수슬러지 또는 제지슬러지를 혼합하여 부숙시킨 후 줄지렁이에게 급이하면서 지렁이의 섭식률 및 생장률을 조사하였다. 하수슬러지에 음식물쓰레기 침출수슬러지를 혼합하여 30일 부숙시킨 것에 대한 지렁이 개체군의 섭식량은 10, 20일 부숙시킨 것에 대한 섭식량보다 높았다. 그러나 부숙기간에 상관없이 먹이 급이 90일 경과 후 지렁이 개체군의 밀도는 감소하였고, 먹이급이 180일 경과 후 지렁이 개체군의 연령구성에서 성충의 비율이 현저하게 높은 것으로 보아 하수슬러지에 음식물쓰레기 침출수슬러지를 혼합하여 부숙시켜 전처리된 먹이는 지렁이 개체군의 차세대로의 성장을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 하수슬러지에 제지슬러지를 혼합하여 20일 부숙시킨 것에 대한 지렁이 개체군의 섭식량 및 밀도는 10, 30일 부숙시킨 것보다 높게 나타났다. 부숙기간에 상관없이 먹이급이 90일까지는 지렁이 개체군의 밀도가 증가하였으나, 먹이급이 90일 이후부터 감소하였다. 따라서 하수슬러지를 장기간 급이시 발생하는 밀도 감소에 기인하는 하수슬러지 내 독성물질의 규명 및 이를 제거하는 다른 전처리과정이 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 한편, 줄지렁이 개체군의 밀도, 유충 및 성충의 비율, 섭식량 등을 고려하였을 때, 하수슬러지와 제지슬러지를 혼합하여 20일 부숙시킨 것이 다른 전처리 먹이보다 지렁이퇴비화 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

To find the latent effect of paper mill sludges (PMS) with and without alum, and alum paper mill sludge compost(PMSC) on aluminum toxicity of crops, the pH buffer capacity and the acidification resistance index (ARI) for PMSs and PMSC were investigated, comparing to upland soil. Buffer capacities of PMS with and without alum, and PMSC were significantly higher than $2.5cmol^+kg^{-1}$ of check soil as 137, 250, and $147cmol^+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Owing to such high buffer capacity of PMS and PMSC, they showed to be well-resisted to acidification.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2008

Bulking phenomena and scum formation are common problem in suspended growth system like the activated sludge plants for wastewater treatment. Apart from wastewater composition, operating conditions, such as mechanical stress by insufficient oxygen supply, are often decisive for the occurrence of a bulking or scumming problem. There were the comparative aeration tanks in terms of sludge bulking caused by the difference of mechanical aeration facilities in the wastewater treatment plant of N paper mill company. In this study the cause of bulking was investigated through not only the biological isolation and identification but also a series of operational data consideration. On the basis of the investigation results for bulking cause, the operational criteria on dissolved oxygen concentration was derived to decrease the bulking problem.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2009

This research was performed to evaluate heavy metal leaching characteristics of the sludge from paper mill process with sintering temperature. Heavy metal leaching of the sludge was characterized with Korean Leaching Test and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. The test sludge was composed of 70.72% of moisture, 9.5% of volatile solids and 9.76% of fixed solids. As a result of XRF analysis, Fe was the highest inorganic element in approximately 83%, which implies the recycling possibility of the sludge in reuse of Fenton chemicals and artificial lightweight aggregate. Leaching of heavy metals from sintered sludge was lower than the dry ones. However, there was no significant difference in leaching characteristics between the sludges sintered at $350^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$. Zn and Fe were leached more greatly in TCLP and KLT methods respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2000

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the treatment efficiency of paper-mill wastewater using pure oxygen activated sludge process. Effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading on process performance and kinetics were investigated. The raw paper-mill wastewater(BOD concentration ${\leq}500mg/L$) and the effluent from dissolved air flotation(DAF) treatment(BOD concentration ${\geq}500mg/L$) were used as influent for pure oxygen activated sludge process. Average BOD removal efficiencies were above 89.3% under 6hours or longer of HRT, while under 3hours of HRT they decreased to about 82%. With the effluent from DAF process, the half saturation constants($K_S$) and the maximum specific substrate removal rate($K_{max}$) were 85 mg/L and 2.25 L/day, respectively. However, with the raw paper-mill wastewater, both $K_S$ and $K_{max}$ increased to 156 mg/L and 3.84 L/day, respectively. The microbial yield coefficient(Y) and the decay coefficient($K_d$) were 0.46 gVSS/gBOD and 0.03 L/day, respectively, with effluent from DAF process. While, Y and $K_d$ were 0.24 gVSS/gBOD and 0.035 L/day, respectively, with the raw paper-mill wastewater.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2010

This study was carried out to explore the availability of seedling pots made from paper mill sludge using red pepper species called Nokkwang. The seedling pots were made by several conditions such as different mixing ratios between sludge and old newspaper (ONP), sterilizing treatment and latex coating. After 30 day cultivation in a green house, the growth condition of the red peppers was evaluated by comparison with those raised in the plastics seedling pots. The red peppers in the plastics pot showed a better growth than those in the sludge pots. Sterilizing treatment, latex coating and different mixing ratios between paper sludges and ONP did rarely affect a growth rate of the plant and the contents of inorganic elements. However, latex coating contributed to protection of physical structure of the sludge pots in spite of constant water feeding. Even though some inorganic elements from the sludge pots migrated into the bed soils, electronic conductivity of the bed soils was within the proper range for the plant growth. Finally it was confirmed that the seedling pots made from paper mill sludges could be used to cultivate horticultural plants as the alternative to the plastics pots.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1992

To determine the use of waste materials as root zone soil mixtures for turfgrass culture, the effects of paper mill sludge and briquet ash on physical and chemical properties of soil and growth of turfgrasses were examined. Three turfgrass species of zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonicaSteud.). kentycky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L. 'Ram I') and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis panistris Huds 'Persucross') were cultured in 32cm diameter plastic pots containing various soil mixtures. The basic ingredients used for mixtures included sand(SD), field soil(SL), paper mill sludge(PS), sphagnum peat moss(PM) and briquet ash(BA). Seven combinations using these ingreients were mixed in different percentage by volume as follows: SD+SL+PM(80:10.10), SH+SL+PS(80:10:10), SD-PM(80:20), SD+PS (80:20), SD+BA(80:20), SD+BA+PM(60:20:20) and SD+BA+PS(60:20:20). 1. Paper mill sludge showed pH of 6.6, more than 30% of organic matter content, and higher concentrations of total N, P, k, Ca, Mg and CEC. Bulk density, fild moisture capacity and electrical conductivity of soil mixtures were increased by the comimation of 10~20% PS by volume. 2. Briquet ash showed pH of 8.0, and higher levels of P, k, Ca and Mg than those of field soiks. Bulk density, field moisture capacity and hardenss of soil mixtures were increased but vertical water flow rate and electrical conductivity were decreased by the combination of 20% BA by volume. 3. Phytotoxic effects of PS and BA on growth of turfgrasses were not found. Shoot growth of all three species was higher in soil combination of SD+BA+PS than that of SD+SL+PM added with fertilizer. However, root growth was better in soil mixtures combined with PM. Soil mixtureomposed of 60% SD, 20% BA and 20% PS by volume was most effective on growth of all three species. 4. Paper mill sludge resulted in higher N level in the leaf tissue. The contents of heavy metals such as Cd and Ph did not vary significantly among soil mixtures and species. However, the Mn level was 2~3 times higher in plants growh in mixtures containing PM compared with others, and especially it was higher in creeping bentgrass than other species.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2004

서로 다른 지역에서 발생한 음식물 쓰레기에 제지슬러지, 인분케익을 혼합하여 부숙시킨 후, 부숙기간에 따른 음식물 쓰레기의 이화학적 성상 및 줄지렁이의 섭식반응 및 생체량 변화를 조사하였다. 발생지역에 따른 음식물 쓰레기의 이화학적 성상은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 지렁이가 섭식하기에는 음식물 쓰레기내의 염분 농도가 전반적으로 높게 나타났다. 음식물 쓰레기에 인분케?을 혼합하여 부숙시켰을 때보다 제지슬러지를 혼합, 부숙시켰을 경우 염류농도 저하효과가 높게 나타났으나, 지렁이의 섭식효율과 생장률을 크게 개선시킬만큼 효율적이지는 않은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 음식물 쓰레기에 대해서 지렁이 처리법을 적용시키기 위해서는 음식물 쓰레기내의 염류농도를 저하시키는 방법의 개발이 선행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.