• 한국연초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1993

The chemical components of tobacco stalk, stems of tobacco caltivations, were analyzed and reconstituted tobacco sheet were made from the stalk and tobacco hyproducts by rolled and paper reconstitute tobacco sheet making process. The results were summarized as follow 1. In the viewpoint of chemical components, nicotine, total nitrogen and ash content of stalk were lower than those of stems, but crude fiber was two times higher than stems. 2. Reconstituted tobacco sheet of tobacco stalk blended were improved fragility and specific gravity than those of control. 3. Smoke components delivery of cigarette made from reconstituted tobacco sheet of tobacco stalk blended were similar to control cigarette. 4. According to the result of ranking preference test for control and sample cigarette, were not recognized significant at 5 percent level. 5. According to the result of areas test for control and sample cigarette, were not recognized significant at 5 percent level. 6. Optimum stalk blend ratio of reconstituted tobacco sheet manufacturing was from about 20 to 40% to the rolled sheet, and was from about 5 to 10% to the paper making process tobacco sheet.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

Papermaking technology has drastically improved over the last 20 years to face new challenges. Because environmental regulations have become increasingly strict, papermaking systems have had to accommodate elevated recycled pulp content and an increased use of recycled process water. Process water in papermaking systems has become more dirtier and reduced polymer efficiency. Amphoteric PAM demonstrated a higher degree of stability in a high conductivity environment compared to cationic PAM. This was illustrated by the improved retention performance, particularly the ash retention. This amphoteric polymer can be used for board or newsprint production using recycled pulp, especially for the systems where polymer dissolving water is high in conductivity and degradation of cationic functional groups of cationic PAM can occur.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.222-228
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• 2008

The chemical composition and thermal, crystal characterization of oak mushroom waste were investigated in comparison with those normal oak wood for utilization of cellulose from oak mushroom waste. The oak mushroom waste contained a higher percentage of ash, and hot water extractives than oak wood. This results indicated that the materials inside the body are easily decomposed during the oak mushroom cultivation. The lower percentage of holocellulose and a-cellulose of oak mushroom waste caused by fungal decomposition too. Whereas, the thermal decomposition behavior and crystallinity of oak mushroom waste was similar to that of normal oak wood, which indicated that the cellulose characterization of oak mushroom waste is resistant to fungal decomposition. In additionally, a degree of polymerization of oak mushroom waste must be investigate for examination of cellulose crystalline characterization, especially.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

The quantity of construction and demolition waste has been greatly increasing recently. It causes many problems to the environment. For this reason, demolition waste management becomes inevitable in order to overcome the environmental issues. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of using recycled coarse aggregate, which is generated from construction and demolition waste, on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. An experimental investigation on the strength characteristics of concrete made with recycled coarse aggregate is presented and discussed in this paper. In this study, Portland Pozzolana Cement (fly ash based) is used instead of ordinary Portland cement. The results of this investigation show the possibility of the use of recycled coarse aggregates in the production of fresh concrete. Use of demolition waste as coarse aggregate will lead to a cleaner environment with a significant reduction of the consumption of natural resources. A comparative study on the strength characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete made with Ordinary Portland Cement and Portland Pozzolana Cement is presented and discussed in this paper.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2012

As the meaning of dictionary terminology, scum refers to a layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid. In papermaking process, scum indicates the floated solid waste generated by a flotation process during the primary wastewater treatment. In this study, different kinds of stocks and scums collected from newspaper, liner, tissue and fine paper were analysed in details. The purpose of this study was firstly to demonstrate the composition characteristics of different sources of scum, secondly the analysis of environmental hazardous materials, and thirdly the evaluation of reutilization ability of fibrous materials from collected scum. As mentioned the meaning of solid waste, scum was actually differ from the waste sludge in sources, compositions and recycling abilities. In the same manner of waste paper, the sludge which is generated within onsite of papermaking processes would be reused as a raw material. The general compositions of scum from waste water were mainly inorganic ash materials, fine fibre fractions, recycled fibre debries, and ink particles. If the scum is able to reuse as fibrous additives in papermaking process, it could contribute to the savings of running costs in both the subsidiaries of fibrous material and the solid waste treatment with even small quantity.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.306-330
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• 2003

The wet-end dynamics of a paper mill was analyzed to characterize its dynamic behavior during the grade change. The model representing the wet-end section is developed based on the mass balance relationships written for the simplified wet-end white water network. From the linearization of the dynamic model, higher-order Laplace transfer functions were obtained followed by the reduction procedure to give simple lower-order models in the form of $1^{st}$-order or $2^{nd}$-order plus dead times. The dynamic response of the wet-end is influenced both by the white water volume and by the level of wire retention. Effects of key manipulated variables such as the thick stock flow rate, the ash flow rate and the retention aid flow rate on the major controlled variables were analyzed by numerical simulations. The simple dynamic model developed in the present study can be effectively used in the operation and control.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.94-104
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• 1996

This study was carried on paper mulberry bast fibers, which were cut in the length of it's chip by three kinds. And they cooked by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium oxalate (AMOX), and pulping process was studied to inquire some properties of hand made papers. The results were as follows. AMOX pulps had $10\~17\%$ higher than NaOH, but amounts of the residual lignin of it's pulps and residual ash were high, and it surely can't be superior. In the freeness of pulps, AMOX pulps were higher than that of NaOH, but they showed tendency to opposite in view of relation of chip's length kinds. For the AMOX pulps, the physical characteristics test results were higher long fiber pulps than short fiber pulps. Specially, in folding endurance long fiber pulps were a very strong. NaOH pulp's physical characteristics test had shown results that were opposite of there of the AMOX pulps, if the length of the fiber is longer, the strengthts generally decreased. To get the optimum fiber's length according to use of paper and pulping method, they must be fractionate chip's length. The long fibers in NaOH pulps affected the paper quality greatly to length of chips.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 2006

Papermaking has changed remarkably during the past 20 years, creating huge pressures on retention and drainage programs. During this time, technology has advanced from single PAM flocculants to inorganic microparticle-based programs and then to micropolymer-based programs. In today's evolving fine paper market, retention and drainage programs have to meet increased demands in many areas, such as increased speed, GAP formers, dilution headboxes, higher ash levels, reduced furnish quality, lower cost, and increased machine efficiency. Hercules recently introduced a new technology that offers performance and stability improvements and operational cost savings as compared to existing advanced technologies. $PerForm(R)$ SP Advanced Retention and Drainage Technology consists of a family of products based on a structured organic particulate that offers papermakers the ultimate flexibility for management of wet end chemistry. This paper compares $PerForm(R)$ SP Advanced Retention and Drainage Technology to inorganic microparticle and micropolymer technologies and provides multiple case histories on machines that demonstrate the benefits of the technology. In these case histories, the PerForm SP is shown to provide improved retention and drainage that results in improved performance and operational cost savings to the mill.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2003

In this work an integrated model for paper plants combining wet-end and dry section is developed and a model predictive control scheme based on the plant model is proposed. Closed-loop process identification method is employed to produce a state-space model. Thick stock, filler flow, machine speed and steam pressure are selected as input variables and basis weight, ash content and moisture content are considered as output variables. The desired output trajectory is constructed in the form of 1st-order dynamics. Results of simulations for control of grade change operations are compared with plant operation data collected during the grade change operations under the same conditions as in simulations. From the comparison, we can see that the proposed model predictive control scheme reduces the grade change time and achieves stable steady-state.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to investigate the anatomical and chemical properties of arrowroots for the use of paper fibers. The cells consisting of arrowroots showed certain affinities with those in the fibers and vessels of hardwood. Its parenchyma cells showed different shapes with those of hardwood. It was observed that starch was filled in the multi-shape cells. The average width and length of arrowroot fibers were $15.2{\mu}m$ ($11.1-20.3{\mu}m$) and 1.9 mm (1.49 mm-2.31 mm), respectively. In the chemical characteristics of arrowroots, the contents of cold- and hot-water, alcohol-benzene, and alkali extractives were 12-17%, 15.6%, and 38.8%, respectively. Its chemical composition was 61.3% holocellulose, 15.5% lignin and 2.0% ash.