• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2006

Earthworms(Eisenia fetida) were fed with paper mill sludge produced from P&G or Yuhan Kimberly paper manufacturing factory, or cow dung manure. Turnover rate of feed into earthworm biomass and excreting rate on each feed were investigated on dry weight base. Biomass of earthworm population was increased on paper mill sludge, but it was fallen to death on cow dung manure, which had high electrical conductivity and low redox potential. When P&G paper mill sludge was supplied to adult, elder juvenile or younger juvenile for 84 days, turnover rate of feed into earthworm biomass was 0.48, 0.40 and 0.76%, respectively, and on Yuhan Kimberly paper mill sludge 0.26, 0.45, 0.42%. When P&G paper mill sludge was supplied to adult, elder juvenile or younger juvenile, excreting rate was 49.02, 54.32 and 55.39%, respectively and on Yuhan Kimberly paper mill sludge 32.22, 41.86, 40.69%, and on cow dung manure, 73.73, 57.89. 76.38%.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2009

Paper mill sludges are discharged around 870,000 M/T annually. Only 30% of the paper mill sludge have been recycled and the rest has been disposed by land fill, incineration, ocean abandonment and other ways. Because of overall prohibition of sludge disposal by London Dumping Convention in 2012, a urgent counter measure for paper mill sludge must be provided. In this paper, some basic experiments were carried out to develop a tray cell pot using paper mill sludge for increasing the recycling potential of the wasted sludge. To establish the manufacturing parameters, the tray cell pots were made with three types of materials including virgin pulp, old news paper and corrugated board mixed in a blend tank of a molding machine. The bending force and moisture content of the produced tray cell pots was measured to confirm the application capability. The tray cell pot could be manufactured under the condition of over 20% of virgin pulp, 40% of old news paper added. However, the corrugated board could not be used because of the glutinous substance included. The produced tray cell pot absorbed water very easily and the bending force decreased rapidly. The waterproof material must be used to applicate the produced tray cell pot in plant growing fields.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.52-64
• /
• 2008

Aged sewage sludge with food waste leachate sludge or paper mill sludge was fed to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) populations and the effect of it on feeding and growth rate of earthworm population was investigated. Feeding rate of earthworm population on sewage sludge aged with food waste leachate sludge for 30 days was higher than that aged for 10 and 20 days. At 90 days after feeding, the density of earthworm population decreased regardless of aging period. And earthworm population growth to next generation was blocked by sewage sludge. The feeding rate and the density of earthworm population aged with paper mill sludge for 20 days were higher than that on sewage sludges aged for 10 and 30 days. Until 90 days after feeding, the density of earthworm population increased regardless of aging period of sewage sludge, however, since then decreased. There were comparatively higher feeding rate and growth rate of earthworm population on the sewage sludge which had been mixed with paper mill sludge and aged for 20 days, which rendered the probable pretreating method for vermicomposting sewage sludge.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1999

To find the latent effect of paper mill sludges (PMS) with and without alum, and alum paper mill sludge compost(PMSC) on aluminum toxicity of crops, the pH buffer capacity and the acidification resistance index (ARI) for PMSs and PMSC were investigated, comparing to upland soil. Buffer capacities of PMS with and without alum, and PMSC were significantly higher than $2.5cmol^+kg^{-1}$ of check soil as 137, 250, and $147cmol^+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Owing to such high buffer capacity of PMS and PMSC, they showed to be well-resisted to acidification.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.458-464
• /
• 2008

Bulking phenomena and scum formation are common problem in suspended growth system like the activated sludge plants for wastewater treatment. Apart from wastewater composition, operating conditions, such as mechanical stress by insufficient oxygen supply, are often decisive for the occurrence of a bulking or scumming problem. There were the comparative aeration tanks in terms of sludge bulking caused by the difference of mechanical aeration facilities in the wastewater treatment plant of N paper mill company. In this study the cause of bulking was investigated through not only the biological isolation and identification but also a series of operational data consideration. On the basis of the investigation results for bulking cause, the operational criteria on dissolved oxygen concentration was derived to decrease the bulking problem.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2009

This research was performed to evaluate heavy metal leaching characteristics of the sludge from paper mill process with sintering temperature. Heavy metal leaching of the sludge was characterized with Korean Leaching Test and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. The test sludge was composed of 70.72% of moisture, 9.5% of volatile solids and 9.76% of fixed solids. As a result of XRF analysis, Fe was the highest inorganic element in approximately 83%, which implies the recycling possibility of the sludge in reuse of Fenton chemicals and artificial lightweight aggregate. Leaching of heavy metals from sintered sludge was lower than the dry ones. However, there was no significant difference in leaching characteristics between the sludges sintered at $350^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$. Zn and Fe were leached more greatly in TCLP and KLT methods respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2000

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the treatment efficiency of paper-mill wastewater using pure oxygen activated sludge process. Effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading on process performance and kinetics were investigated. The raw paper-mill wastewater(BOD concentration ${\leq}500mg/L$) and the effluent from dissolved air flotation(DAF) treatment(BOD concentration ${\geq}500mg/L$) were used as influent for pure oxygen activated sludge process. Average BOD removal efficiencies were above 89.3% under 6hours or longer of HRT, while under 3hours of HRT they decreased to about 82%. With the effluent from DAF process, the half saturation constants($K_S$) and the maximum specific substrate removal rate($K_{max}$) were 85 mg/L and 2.25 L/day, respectively. However, with the raw paper-mill wastewater, both $K_S$ and $K_{max}$ increased to 156 mg/L and 3.84 L/day, respectively. The microbial yield coefficient(Y) and the decay coefficient($K_d$) were 0.46 gVSS/gBOD and 0.03 L/day, respectively, with effluent from DAF process. While, Y and $K_d$ were 0.24 gVSS/gBOD and 0.035 L/day, respectively, with the raw paper-mill wastewater.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to explore the availability of seedling pots made from paper mill sludge using red pepper species called Nokkwang. The seedling pots were made by several conditions such as different mixing ratios between sludge and old newspaper (ONP), sterilizing treatment and latex coating. After 30 day cultivation in a green house, the growth condition of the red peppers was evaluated by comparison with those raised in the plastics seedling pots. The red peppers in the plastics pot showed a better growth than those in the sludge pots. Sterilizing treatment, latex coating and different mixing ratios between paper sludges and ONP did rarely affect a growth rate of the plant and the contents of inorganic elements. However, latex coating contributed to protection of physical structure of the sludge pots in spite of constant water feeding. Even though some inorganic elements from the sludge pots migrated into the bed soils, electronic conductivity of the bed soils was within the proper range for the plant growth. Finally it was confirmed that the seedling pots made from paper mill sludges could be used to cultivate horticultural plants as the alternative to the plastics pots.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 1992

To determine the use of waste materials as root zone soil mixtures for turfgrass culture, the effects of paper mill sludge and briquet ash on physical and chemical properties of soil and growth of turfgrasses were examined. Three turfgrass species of zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonicaSteud.). kentycky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L. 'Ram I') and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis panistris Huds 'Persucross') were cultured in 32cm diameter plastic pots containing various soil mixtures. The basic ingredients used for mixtures included sand(SD), field soil(SL), paper mill sludge(PS), sphagnum peat moss(PM) and briquet ash(BA). Seven combinations using these ingreients were mixed in different percentage by volume as follows: SD+SL+PM(80:10.10), SH+SL+PS(80:10:10), SD-PM(80:20), SD+PS (80:20), SD+BA(80:20), SD+BA+PM(60:20:20) and SD+BA+PS(60:20:20). 1. Paper mill sludge showed pH of 6.6, more than 30% of organic matter content, and higher concentrations of total N, P, k, Ca, Mg and CEC. Bulk density, fild moisture capacity and electrical conductivity of soil mixtures were increased by the comimation of 10~20% PS by volume. 2. Briquet ash showed pH of 8.0, and higher levels of P, k, Ca and Mg than those of field soiks. Bulk density, field moisture capacity and hardenss of soil mixtures were increased but vertical water flow rate and electrical conductivity were decreased by the combination of 20% BA by volume. 3. Phytotoxic effects of PS and BA on growth of turfgrasses were not found. Shoot growth of all three species was higher in soil combination of SD+BA+PS than that of SD+SL+PM added with fertilizer. However, root growth was better in soil mixtures combined with PM. Soil mixtureomposed of 60% SD, 20% BA and 20% PS by volume was most effective on growth of all three species. 4. Paper mill sludge resulted in higher N level in the leaf tissue. The contents of heavy metals such as Cd and Ph did not vary significantly among soil mixtures and species. However, the Mn level was 2~3 times higher in plants growh in mixtures containing PM compared with others, and especially it was higher in creeping bentgrass than other species.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.130-138
• /
• 2004

Food wastes with different regional origins were mixed with bulking agent such as paper mill sludge or night soil, and aged for 21 days or 28 days. And aged food wastes were fed to the earthworm(tiger worm, Eisenia fetida) for 60 days. There were no significant physico-chemical differences among the food wastes with different regional origins. EC values and NaCl concentrations in food wastes were too high for earthworms to survive. Food wastes mixed with paper mill sludge were vermicomposted more efficiently than food wastes mixed with night soil, but the over-all vermicomposting rates on the food wastes were much lower than that on paper mill sludge because EC values and NaCl concentrations were still high for earthworm to compost the feeds. Earthworm population did not increase its biomass on the food wastes mixed with paper mill sludge or night soil, whereas earthworm population fed with paper mill sludge increased its biomass by 20% for 60 days. It could be concluded that a solution for reducing NaCl concentrations in food waste should be developed to vermicompost food waste.