• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.307-318
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• 2016

This research examines the impacts of urban population growth on per capita $CO_2$ emissions with particular focus on the interaction effect between urbanization and income levels. Employing the Panel Fixed Effects model together with the Pooled LS and Panel GLS models, the research reported here analyzes the relevant data on 84 countries. The statistical results show a nonlinear(an inverted-U) relationship between urbanization and per capita $CO_2$ emissions; that is, while the urban agglomeration leads to increases in per capita $CO_2$ emissions for low income countries, this adverse impact does not hold true for high income countries. The research findings can contribute to addressing broad issues of urban compactness and patterns of energy consumption that should be considered by those concerned about the sustainable urban development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

In recent decades, financial crises in various countries have often been preceded by the rise in non-performing loans (NPLs) in the banks' asset portfolios. The increase in NPLs is proven to have adverse impact on the banking sector so that understanding the determinant of NPLs is immensely crucial to ensure the efficiency and soundness of the overall economy. This study aims to shed light on bank-specific factors that affect loan default problems in developing countries whose banking sectors play a major role in the overall economy. This study analyzes panel data sets of 36 commercial banks listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period 2008-2015. Applying fixed-effects panel regression model reveals that Indonesian banks' profitability and credit growth negatively influence the number of NPLs. Moreover, banks with higher profitability are proven to have lower NPLs because they can afford adequate credit management practices. Likewise, banks with higher credit growth evidently have lower NPLs in the sense that they demonstrate more specialized lending activity and thus have better credit management systems. These findings imply that, in order to lower loan defaults that can deteriorate banks' asset quality, banks should maintain their level of profitability and increase, rather than decrease, their credit supply to debtors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.635-641
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• 2021

This paper aims to find out the main factors that are important in determining the size of investment in the Jordanian productive sectors. For this purpose, the study used panel data for four Jordanian productive sectors over the period 2000-2017. Also, fixed-effects modeling was carried out to identify the relationship between investment and its potential determinants. Empirical investigations of the four productive sectors reveal the following results: The real value of sector's production and the real value of credit facilities have a positive and significant impact on investment, while the real interest rate has a negative effect on investment in the Jordanian productive sectors. Also, at the sector level, agriculture was more responsive to changes in the real value of credit facilities, while other sectors were more responsive to changes in the real value of sector's production. According to these results, it seems that some policy actions should be taken to enhance the size and the role of investment in the economy. For example, policymakers should adopt a mixed policy and expand the provision of credit facilities, especially to the agricultural sector, to enhance agricultural activity in a manner that ensures the improvement of infrastructure and land reclamation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.601-610
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between R&D investment and growth rate of manufacturing firms in Incheon. Methods: The balanced panel data of 246 firms which have existed for the period 2001-2012 are constructed. As a method of analysis, fixed effects panel data model is used. Results: There is a one year lag in the relationship between R&D intensity and the subsequent sales growth of firms and its relation depends on the firms' characteristics. Conclusion: We suggest the emphasis on R&D investment for firms' growth and the differentiated R&D program based on firm size. This article has the limitation that various types of R&D investment cannot be included in this analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1213-1244
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• 2017

This study used a resource-based perspective to analyse the effects of organizational composition on the R&D performance of science and technology government-funded research institutes (GFRIs). We assumed that the composition of each GFRI would eventually be regarded as absorptive capacity and act as a moderating variable between R&D investment and performance. We used a panel generalized least squares (GLS) model with fixed effects to analyse panel data from 115 Korean GFRIs between 2011 and 2015. Our findings show that R&D investment of GFRIs has a direct and positive effect on performance. We also analysed how organizational composition can moderate the effect of R&D investment on performance. The findings provide evidence that organizational composition plays a moderating role between R&D investment and performance. Finally, this study discusses policy implications, its limitations, and also highlights future research directions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper analyzes the student determinants of college non-completion and estimates the effects of each determinant on college non-completion. Design/methodology/approach - We use student panel data from a large Korean university from 2011 to 2021. Our results are from estimation of fixed-effects logit model. Findings - The results show that grade point average, participation in extracurricular activities, the number of counseling sessions with teachers, and financial aid are the main determinants of college non-completion. Academic probation, which is defined as any person who has a cumulative grade point average below a one point seven five, increases the non-completion rate by 2.6 percentage points and an one-point rise in extracurricular activities index reduces the rate by 0.1 percentage points. The effects of each determinant are heterogeneous across student sub-groups which are separated by gender, nationality, and academic discipline. Research implications or Originality - Tailored support programs for academically discouraged students that incorporate student characteristics and backgrounds are necessary to increase college completion rates and degree attainment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

This paper aims to explore the relationship between the quality of the audit and the level of stock return co-movement in the context of the Vietnamese emerging market. The empirical study is designed based on the quatitative method and deductive approach. The panel dataset includes 256 listed firms from different industries,with 1115 firm-year observations on Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange for the period from 2014 to 2018. In the research, we built the econometric regression model, using stock return synchronicity and audit quality as the dependent and independent variable, respectively. Some control variables are also added to the econometric regression models as they are well-documented in prior research to have an effect on stock price synchronicity. To improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients, beside the Ordinary Least Squares, we employ the Random Effects Model and the Fixed Effects Model for better statistical analysis of panel data set. The results show that the quality of the audit is positively correlated to stock price synchronicity. This finding suggests that stock returns of companies with higher quality of the audit are more synchronous with the market. Results for other control variables also support our reasoning for the main findings.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2004

In knowledge-based economy where the human capital has an strong compatibilities, the life cycle of technologies and skills get shorter, and the mobility of labor get greater, the role of the signal system of qualifications have greater importance. This article used the KLIPS(Korean Labor Institute Panel Study) data, and analysed the factors of the acquisition of qualifications and the employment and wage effects of the acquisition of qualifications by fixed effects logit model and random effects model. The lower school stratification acquired the more qualifications, and in the case of men the unemployed one acquired the more qualifications. The employment effects of the acquisition of qualifications are significant at first year and second year in women, but the men's of the employment effects of acquisition of qualifications are not significant. The wage effects of the acquisition of qualifications are not significant. The results of the regression suggest that in Korea the signal system of qualifications do not working, and that the qualifications in Korea need to reform.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2013

China is the world's largest producer of aquatic products and its fishery sector is comprised primarily of aquaculture facilities, both fresh and seawater, and a much smaller wild catch component. The expansion of the aquaculture sector continues to boost China's aquatic output. The increase is attributable to several factors. Among them rapidly growing domestic demand is no doubt one of the most important reasons. Rapid economic growth and rising disposable income are influencing domestic consumption and the economic recovery of major import markets is further stimulating consumption of China's aquatic products. This paper tries to examine the status, trend and reasons of consumption of aquatic products in China. Based on the analysis on the consumption of aquatic products and its change, this paper utilizes panel regression model to estimate the affecting factors of aquatic products consumption in China. By using panel data between 1997 and 2010, the results indicate that income, urbanization, aging and dummy variable have positive effects and fish price index has negative effect on China's aquatic products consumption as predicted. However, effects of meat consumption and education on fishery consumption are totally opposite with our predictions. In other words, it turns out that meat consumption has positive effect on fish consumption while education turns out to have negative effect. Finally the member of household does not show any significant effect on consumption of aquatic products in China.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2011

Objectives: Although compensation for occupational injuries and diseases is guaranteed in almost all nations, countries vary greatly with respect to how they organize workers' compensation systems. In this paper, we focus on three aspects of workers' compensation insurance in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries - types of systems, employers' funding mechanisms, and coverage for injured workers - and their impacts on the actual frequencies of occupational injuries and diseases. Methods: We estimated a panel data fixed effect model with cross-country OECD and International Labor Organization data. We controlled for country fixed effects, relevant aggregate variables, and dummy variables representing the occupational accidents data source. Results: First, the use of a private insurance system is found to lower the occupational accidents. Second, the use of risk-based pricing for the payment of employer raises the occupational injuries and diseases. Finally, the wider the coverage of injured workers is, the less frequent the workplace accidents are. Conclusion: Private insurance system, fixed flat rate employers' funding mechanism, and higher coverage of compensation scheme are significantly and positively correlated with lower level of occupational accidents compared with the public insurance system, risk-based funding system, and lower coverage of compensation scheme.