• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth commonest cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. However, no adequate therapy for pancreatic cancer has yet been found. In this study, the antitumor activity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against the human pancreatic cancer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with IL-2-containing medium in anti-CD3 for 14 days. The resulting populations of CIK cells comprised 94% $CD3^+$, 4% $CD3^-CD56^+$, 41% $CD3^+CD56^+$, 11% $CD4^+$, and 73% $CD8^+$. This heterogeneous cell population was called cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. At an effector-target cell ratio of 100 : 1, CIK cells destroyed 51% of AsPC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, as measured by the $^{51}Cr$-release assay. In addition, CIK cells at doses of 3 and 10 million cells per mouse inhibited 42% and 70% of AsPC-1 tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft assays, respectively. This study suggests that CIK cells may be used as an adoptive immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer patients.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive system and radical resection, which is available to very few patients, might be the only possibility for cure. Since therapeutic choices are limited at the advanced stage, prevention is more important for reducing incidence in high-risk individuals with family history of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high consumption of fish oil or ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acids reduces the risk of pancreatic cancers. Dietary fish oil supplementation has shown to suppress pancreatic cancer development in animal models. Previous experimental studies revealed that several hallmarks of cancer involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, such as the resistance to apoptosis, hyper-proliferation with abnormal $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors, and invasion. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acid and rich in cold oceanic fish oil. DHA shows anti-cancer activity by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, inhibiting $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, and decreasing extracellular matrix degradation and expression of pro-angiogenic factors in pancreatic cancer cells. This review will summarize anti-cancer mechanism of DHA in pancreatic carcinogenesis based on the recent studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4707-4712
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• 2012

Annexin A1 is a 37-kDa calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein of the annexin superfamily considered to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, associations with clinicopathological features in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases have yet to be fully defined. We therefore investigated the prognostic value of annexin A1 protein as a PDAC biomarker in 83 tumor and matched non-cancerous tissues or normal pancreas tissues. Expression was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In non-tumor tissue, myoepithelial cells showed no or weak expression of annexin A1 while expression was strong and sometimes even located in the nuclei of endothelial cells in tumor tissue. High expression was significantly associated with advanced stage (P <0.05) and a worse overall survival (P <0.05). These results provide new insights to better understand the role of annexin A1 in PDAC survival, and might be relevant to prediction of prognosis and development of more effective therapeutic strategies aimed at improving survival.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis owing to its desmoplastic stroma. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting this tumor stroma should be developed. In this study, we describe the heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their diverse roles in the progression, immune evasion, and resistance to treatment of PDAC. We subclassified the spatial distribution and functional activity of CAFs to highlight their effects on prognosis and drug delivery. Extracellular matrix components such as collagen and hyaluronan are described for their roles in tumor behavior and treatment outcomes, implying their potential as therapeutic targets. We also discussed the roles of extracellular matrix (ECM) including matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors in PDAC progression. Finally, we explored the role of the adaptive and innate immune systems in shaping the PDAC microenvironment and potential therapeutic strategies, with a focus on immune cell subsets, cytokines, and immunosuppressive mechanisms. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of PDAC and pave the way for the development of prognostic markers and therapeutic interventions.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.447-451
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• 2022

Patients with symptomatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) typically present with gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. This report presents an unusual case of fundic GIST complicated by gastroduodenal intussusception, manifesting as acute pancreatitis. The patient presented with epigastric pain and pancreatic enzyme elevation; thus, he was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography showed evidence of pancreatitis and a 4×4.7 cm well-defined hyperdense lesion in the 2nd part of the duodenum, compressing the pancreatic head and pancreatic duct. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed invagination of the gastric folds into the duodenum, causing pyloric canal blockage consistent with gastroduodenal intussusception. Spontaneous reduction of the lesion during endoscopy revealed a 4 cm pedunculated subepithelial mass with central ulceration originating from the gastric fundus. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated a heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion originating from the 4th layer of the gastric wall. Laparoscopic-endoscopic intragastric wedge resection of the fundic lesion was subsequently performed, and surgical histology confirmed GIST.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 1992

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology findings in 19 cases of primary neoplasia of the pancreas are reported. The aspirates were obtained under ultrasound guidance in 16 cases and under direct vision intraoperatively in three cases. These cases represented 79% of 24 diagnoses in a series of 30 pancreatic FNAs. Of these 30 cases no cytologic diagnoses were made in six cases (20%) because of insufficient or inadequate samples The cytologic diagnoses were confirmed by histologic examination following resection or biopsy of the tumors. The diagnoses included 9 duct ceil adenocarcinomas, 1 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 2 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, 1 acinar cell carcinoma, 1 papillary cystic tumor 3 islet ceil tumors, 1 neuroendocrine carcinoma and 1 leiomyosarcoma. The cytologic features of the neoplasia were detailed and the differential diagnosis was discussed. The important criteria for the cytodiagnosis of pancreatic tumors were reviewed. This review leads us to think that nonoperative (percutaneous) cytologic approaches to the diagnosis of pancreatic tumor are advantageous for the management of patients, and that correct cytologic diagnosis with pancreatic FNAs can easily be made, if adequate samples are obtained.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.765-773
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• 2023

Objective: This long-term case report details a case of pancreatic cancer with lung metastasis suppressed by integrative cancer medicine (IMT). Methods: A 64-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic cancer visited a Korean medicine hospital complaining about the side effects of chemotherapy for lung metastasis. She received IMT involving Korean traditional medicine and Western immunotherapy from May 2017 to June 2023. Tumor dimensions were assessed through computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography/CT scans, while tumor markers and safety were monitored by laboratory tests. Results: IMT suppressed the progression of cancer, as observed by imaging and laboratory tests. The patient achieved 5-year survival, even after discontinuing chemotherapy. Conclusion: This case presents a potential therapeutic alternative for patients who are ineligible for chemotherapy or surgical interventions.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.412-416
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• 2022

Although a pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is not required after a distal pancreatectomy in most cases, it needs to be performed to prevent atrophy of the remnant pancreas when the proximal duct is obstructed by a tumor, stone, or etc. In these conditions, the critical postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) gives surgeons cause to hesitate before performing a PJ. We previously presented the modified technique of Mattress PJ named "inverted mattress PJ" (IM-PJ) and published improved outcomes in the aspects of POPF after a pancreaticoduodenectomy and a central pancreatectomy. Recently, we had a case of a patient who has chronic pancreatitis with a proximal pancreatic duct obstruction, requiring a distal pancreatectomy and PJ. Based on the previous report, we decided to apply the "inverted mattress PJ" (IM-PJ) technique for a Roux-en Y PJ after a distal pancreatectomy. The patient was discharged after surgery without complications. We reviewed a case of a patient requiring PJ following a distal pancreatectomy and discussed the safety of our technique.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1614-1623
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• 2021

In this paper, the purpose is evaluation of the effect of using fractal feature in machine learning based pancreatic tumor classification. We used the data that Pancreas CT series 469 case including 1995 slice of benign and 1772 slice of malignant. Feature selection is implemented from 109 feature to 7 feature by Lasso regularization. In Fractal feature, fractal dimension is obtained by box-counting method, and hurst coefficient is calculated range data of pixel value in ROI. As a result, there were significant differences in both benign and malignancies tumor. Additionally, we compared the classification performance between model without fractal feature and model with fractal feature by using support vector machine. The train model with fractal feature showed statistically significant performance in comparison with train model without fractal feature.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 2023

Emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy (EPD) is a rarely performed operation. It is important to know the indications and outcomes of EPD to have a better understanding of its application in clinical practice. A review of eight consecutive cases of EPD was done. Between January 2003 and December 2021, 8 out of 370 patients (2.2%) in a single center received pancreaticoduodenectomy as emergency. There were six males and two females with a median age of 45.5 years. The indications were trauma in three patients, bleeding tumors in two patients, and one patient each in obstructing duodenal tumor, postoperative complication and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) complication. The median operative time and blood loss were 427.5 minutes and 1,825 mL, respectively. There was no operative mortality. Seven patients (87.5%) had postoperative complications. Three patients (37.5%) developed postoperative grade B pancreatic fistula. The median postoperative hospital stay was 23.5 days. Five patients were still alive while three patients survived for 13, 31, and 42 months after the operation. The causes of death were recurrent tumors in two patients, and sepsis in one patient. According to this case series, EPD is associated with increased morbidity and pancreatic fistula, but is still deserved in life-threatening situations and long-term survival is possible after EPD.