• Title/Summary/Keyword: Panax ginseng (Korean Red Ginseng)

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Comparative Cytotoxic Activities of Various Ginsengs on Human Cancer Cell Lines

  • Sung Ryong Ko;You
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.18-21
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    • 1998
  • Comparative cytotoxic activities of petroleum ether soluble fraction from various ginsengs of Panax species were evaluated using A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-OV-3(human ovary carcinoma) cancer cell lines. Korean red ginseng, Korean white ginseng, American ginseng and Canadian ginseng were found to show more potent cytotoxicitles on A549 and SK-OV-3 cell lines than Chinese red ginseng, Japanese red ginseng and Sanchi ginseng. It is noteworthy that especially, red ginseng prepared from the root of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea shows relatively stronger cytotoxic activities than those cultivated in China and Japan.

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Comparisons of Acidic Polysaccharide Content in Various Ginseng Species and Parts (인삼 산성다당체의 삼류간 및 부위별 함량비교)

  • 도재호;이형옥
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.145-147
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    • 1993
  • The amounts of ginseng acidic polysaccharide (GAP) in red ginseng (Panax ginseng) were higher than those of wild and cultured Panax quinquefolius, Panax notoginseng as well as white ginseng (Panax ginseng). In white ginseng, there is no difference in the GAP amount among root ages or sizes. Also, the GAP amount of red ginseng body was similar to that of ginseng rhizome, but was higher than that of leaf and epidermis.

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Comparative Study on the Essential Oil Components of Panax Species (인삼속(Pauax species) 식물의 정유성분 조성 비교)

  • Ko, Sung-Ryong;Choi, Kang-Ju;Kim, Young-Hoi
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 1996
  • This study was carried out to determine the differences of essential oil components among Korean, Chinese and Japanese red ginseng, and Korean white ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A Mayer) , American and Canadian ginseng (P. Quinquefolium), and sanchi ginseng (P notoginseng). The steam distilled oils of these ginsengs were analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and 22 sesquiterpenes, 8 sesquiterpene alcohols, 8 monoterpenes, 5 aldehydes, 4 esters, 3 acids, 2 alcohols and 5 miscellaneous components were identified. The major oil components of Korean, Chinese and Japanese red ginseng were $\beta$-panasinsene, $\beta$-caryophyllene, $\alpha$-panasinsene, $\alpha$-neoclovene, selina-4,11-diane, bicyclo-ger-macrene and spathulenol. The contents of $\beta$-panasinsene, $\alpha$-neoclovene, $\alpha$-basabolene and spathulenol were higher in Korean red ginseng than Chinese and Japanese red ginseng. The contents of $\alpha$-cubebene, selina-4,11-diene and ledol were higher in Chinese red ginseng than Korean and Japanese red ginseng, but those of selina-4,11-diene and spathulenol were lower in Japanese red ginseng than Korean or Chinese red ginseng. On the other hand, the GC patterns of the oils from American, Canadian and sanchi ginseng were different from that of Korean white ginseng.

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Ginsenoside $Rf_{2}$ , a New Dammarane Glycoside from Korean Red Ginseng(Panax ginseng)

  • Park, Jong-Dae;Lee, You-Hui;Kim, Shin-Il
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.615-617
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    • 1998
  • A new dammarane glycoside named ginsenoside $Rf_{2}$ has been isolated from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) and its chemical structure has been elucidated as $6-O-[{\alpha}-L-rham-nopyranosyl (1{\rightarrow}2){\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl]$$dammarane-3{\beta}, 6{\alpa}, 12{\beta}$, 20(R), 25-pentol by chemical and spectral methods.

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Implications of red Panax ginseng in oxidative stress associated chronic diseases

  • Lee, Yoon-Mi;Yoon, Haelim;Park, Hyun-Min;Song, Byeng Chun;Yeum, Kyung-Jin
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2017
  • The steaming process of Panax ginseng has been reported to increase its major known bioactive components, ginsenosides, and, therefore, its biological properties as compared to regular Panax ginseng. Biological functions of red Panax ginseng attenuating pro-oxidant environments associated with chronic diseases are of particular interest, since oxidative stress can be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Additionally, proper utilization of various biomarkers for evaluating antioxidant activities in natural products, such as ginseng, can also be important to providing validity to their activities. Thus, studies on the effects of red ginseng against various diseases as determined in cell lines, animal models, and humans were reviewed, along with applied biomarkers for verifying such effects. Limitations and future considerations of studying red ginseng were been discussed. Although further clinical studies are warranted, red ginseng appears to be beneficial for attenuating disease-associated symptoms via its antioxidant activities, as well as for preventing oxidative stress-associated chronic diseases.

Content and Composition of Saponin Compounds of Panax Species (Panax(인삼)속 식물의 사포닌화합물 함량 및 조성)

  • 고성룡;최강주
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.254-259
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    • 1995
  • The content and composition of saponin compounds of Panax species were analyzed according to their species, region and processing type of red and white ginseng. The species employed were Korean-, Chinese-, Japanese red ginsengs, and Korean white ginseng of Panax ginseng, American- and Canadian ginsengs of Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoinseng. Twelve main saponin components in the ginseng were identified and quantified using TLC and HPLC. All three species had remarkably different content and composition. However, within each species they were similar. Twelve major ginsenosides were determined in P. ginseng, eight in p. quinquefolium, and six in P. notoginseng. Of the components of P ginseng Rf, $Rh_1$, $Rh_2$ and Ra were not detected in P quinquefolium, and $Rb_2$, Rc, Rf, $Rh_2$, Ra and Ro not detected in P. notoinseam. Crude saponin content and protopanaxadiol/protopanaxatriol saponin ratio were compared. They were 4.81~5.24% and 1.27~ 1.45 in p. ginsengs, 7.01~7.25% and 2.12~ 2.15 in p. quinquefolium, 9.80% and 0.99 in P. notoineng. The prosapogenin and sapogenin content were different among the Panax species.

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Browning Reaction of Fresh Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) as Affected by Heating Temperature (가열온도에 따른 수삼의 갈변반응 특성)

  • 이종원;이성계
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.249-253
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    • 1995
  • In the browning reaction of Korean ginseng, it appears that enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning reaction occurred in the initial stage of heating fresh ginseng at low temperature, and then non-enzymatic browning reaction followed in the drying period after heating. Activation energy of the browning reaction for red ginseng was about 9.0 kcal/mol. Browning reaction of red ginseng was accede- rated with an increase in steaming time, and a great extent of browning reaction occurred between 60-90 min of steaming at 10$0^{\circ}C$. Browning pigments of red ginseng were mostly water soluble subset.

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Comparison of Proximate Composition, Mineral Nutrient, Amino Acid and Free Sugar Contents of Several Panax Species (인삼(Panax)속 식물의 일반성분, 무기성분, 아미노산 및 유리당 함량조성)

  • 고성룡;최강주
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.36-41
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    • 1996
  • Chemical components of Panax (P) species were compared. p. species used were Korean white ginseng, Korean, Chinese and Japanese red ginseng (P ginseng), American and Canadian ginseng (P. quinquefolium) , and sanchl ginseng (P. notoginseng). No significant difference in the proximate contents was observed among P. species. Ash, crude lipld and total sugar contents in root of P. notoginseng were found to be relatively lower than those of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium, but the contents of crude protein and crude fiber were similar among those ginsengs. Mineral nutrient con tents showed a little difference among ginseng species. Total nitrogen contents were slightly higher in P. ginseng than P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng and Fe and Cu were lower in Chinese and Japanese red ginsengs. Kinds and compositions of amino acids were similar but contents of amino acids were different among ginseng species. Total amino acid contents were 76.3∼83.9 mg/g in P. ginseng 53.8∼60.4 mg/g in p. quinquefolium and 54.9 mg/g in P notoginseng. Free sugar contents were lower in P. notoginseng than P. ginseng or P. quinquefolium. Sucrose accounted for 90∼92% of total free sugar contents with relatively high content in white ginsengs, while sucrose and maltose were 32-36% and 55∼60%, respectively, in red ginseng.

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Pattern-Analysis of Panax ginseng Polysaccharide (고려인삼 다당류의 패턴-분석)

  • Han, Yong-Nam;Kim, Sun-Young;Lee, Hee-Joo;Hwang, Woo-Ik;Han, Byung-Hoon
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.217-221
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    • 1992
  • Total polysaccharide contents in Panax ginseng roots were evaluated by a spectrophotometry, utilizing the complex formation of ginseng polysaccharide with alcian blue dye in 50 mM ammonium biphosphate, pH 4.2. The total polysaccharide content in red ginseng was about three times higher than that in fresh ginseng when both were extracted with water, and was increased about two times when red ginseng was extracted with an alkaline solution. The determination of total polysaccharide in various parts of ginseng revealed that main roots contained the component more than fine roots. Fresh ginseng sections stained by the dye showed polysaccharide mainly found in cortex and cambium but not in epidermis. Pattern-analysis on total and acidic polysaccharides from fresh and red ginsengs exhibited that the chemical compositions of the polysaccharides extracted from both ginsengs quite differed from each other.

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The Physicochemical Properties of Crude Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) (고려인삼에서 분리한 조다당체 획분의 이화학적 특성)

  • Kwak, Yi-Seong;Kim, Eun-Mi
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.389-392
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    • 1996
  • Crude polysaccharide fractions were isolated from white ginseng and red ginseng (Panax ginseng). The amount of crude polysaccharide fraction in red ginseng was higher than that of white ginseng. The glucose contents of crude polysaccharide fraction isolated from white ginseng and red ginseng were determined as 95.1% and 89.9% by HPLC, respectively. Method of carbazole-sulfuric acid was applied to determine the amount of acidic polysaccharide in white ginseng and red ginseng. The amount of acidic polysaccharide in red ginseng was higher than that of white ginseng. Whereas, contents of minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg) in crude polysaccharide fraction from white ginseng were higher than those of crude Polysaccharide fraction from red ginseng.

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