• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C and E on carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Thirty seven Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments. The four treatments were control(vitamin E 20 IU/kg feed), vitamin C(vitamin C 0.1%/kg feed and vitamin E 20 IU/kg feed), vitamin E(vitamin E 220 IU/kg feed) and vitamin C plus E(vitamin C 0.1%/kg feed and vitamin E 220 IU/kg feed). Hanwoo steers were fed experimental diets for 3 months of the last finishing period. Animals fed the diet containing vitamin C plus E had higher(P<0.05) yield grade than those fed the other diets but quality grade was not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets. Proximate analysis in longissimus dorsi was not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets. Vitamin C concentration in longissimus dorsi was higher (P<0.05) in the animals fed the vitamin C diet and the vitamin C plus E diet than in those fed the control diet and the vitamin E diet. Vitamin E concentration in longissimus dorsi was higher(P<0.05) in the animals fed the diet supplemented with vitamin E and the diet supplemented with vitamin C plus E than in those fed the control diet and the vitamin C diet. Animals fed the diet supplemented with vitamin C was higher(P<0.05) in myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in the longissimus dorsi than those fed the other diets, but linoleic acid in longissimus dorsi was higher(P<0.05) in the animals fed the vitamin E diet than those fed the other diets. However, saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid were not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2011

Anchovy oil was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCO_2$) and organic solvents. Extraction was carried out at temperature range from 40 to $60^{\circ}C$, and pressure range from 15 to 25 MPa. The flow rate of $CO_2$ (22 $gmin^{-1}$) was constant entire the extraction period of 1.5 h. The fatty acid composition of anchovy oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The main fatty acids of anchovy oil were myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). In addition, the oil obtained by $SCO_2$ extraction contained a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids especially EPA and DHA comparing to the organic solvent extracted oil. The oxidative stability of oils extracted from Anchovy by $SCO_2$ extraction was compared to those extracted by organic solvents. Results showed that the storage periods of oils obtained by $SCO_2$ extraction were longer than those of organic solvents extraction.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.276-283
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary mugwort and fish oil on meat quality of chicken. Broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatment: 1) Control (commercial feed) 2) T1 (commercial feed supplemented with 3% mugwort powder) 3) T2 (commercial feed with 4% fish oil) and 4) T3 (commercial feed with 3% mugwort powder and 4% fish oil). They were fed the experimental diets for five weeks and slaughtered. After that, the meat samples were vacuum packaged and stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The meat quality were analyzed for meat samples stored over a period of 0, 5, 10 and 15 days. The major fatty acids found in chicken meat were oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid. However, the fatty acid was not significantly different between control and treatment groups (p>0.05). Palmitoleic acid, EPA, DHA contents were higher in T3 treatment group than the control. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) of all treatments significantly increased during the storage periods (p<0.05). The TBARS of the thigh was rather higher than that of the breast. The WHC (water holding capacity) of breast and thigh were significantly increased in both control and treatment groups during storage (p<0.05). WHC of the breast was rather higher than that of the thigh. The drip loss was tended to increase during the storage periods (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary bee venom on serum characteristics, antioxidant activity, and hepatic fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A group of 875 one-day-old feather-sexed male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments with seven replicates (25 birds/replicate) for three weeks. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was used as the basal diet. Five dietary treatments were compared: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet containing $10{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, 3) basal diet containing $50{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, 4) basal diet containing $100{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, and 5) basal diet containing $500{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder. At 21 days, one bird per pen was slaughtered by asphyxiation in $CO_2$ gas, and blood was collected to measure serum characteristics and antioxidant activity. In addition, the liver was excised to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde and determine fatty acid composition. Increasing dietary bee venom in the diet failed to affect most serum parameters except for triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids. Dietary bee venom inclusion quadratically increased the concentration of stearic acid (P<0.05), but decreased palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Finally, dietary bee venom tended to lower hepatic malondialdehyde contents quadratically (P=0.054). In conclusion, our study revealed that dietary bee venom improved antioxidant capacity and affected fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 1978

The total amount of lipid content in the mullet roe is 20.5%, and iodine value and unsaponifiable matters content are 118 and 38.7%, respectively. The lipid composition of the muscle, roe and liver of the mullet, Mugil cephalus, shows differences. Triglyceride, wax esters, and free fatty acids are mainly contained in the lipids of the muscle, roe and liver, respectively. The mullet roe lipids are mainly composed of 59.1% of wax esters with a trace of sterol esters, 26.9% of polar lipids with pigments, 9.0% of triglyceride plus a trace of free fatty alcohols and fatty acids, and 3.0% of sterol contaminated with a trace of fatty alcohols. The major fatty acids of wax esters are C16 : 0, 47.5%, C18 : 1, 23.0%, C16 : 3, 6.5%, C20 : 5, 4.0%, those of triglyceride are C16 : 1, 25.1%, C18: 1, 16.7%, C16 : 0, 16.3%, C22 : 1, 7.9%, C18 : 0, 5.5%, C22 : 6, 4.4%, and those of polar lipids are C16 : 0, 35.0%, C18 : 1, 24.7%, C16 : 1, 6.1%, C20 : 5, 5.3%, C22 : 6, 4.2%. The major alcohols of wax esters are 51.0% of cetyl alcohol, 18.2% of palmitoleyl alcohol, and 10.7% of oleyl alcohol, and considerable amounts of odd-numbered alcohols such as C15 : 0, C15 : 1, C17 : 0, C17 : 1 and C19 : 1 are also found.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.244-249
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding dietary mugwort on the beef quality during 14 month(from 14 month to 27 month) with 32 heads of fattening Hanwoo. Fattening Hanwoos were randomly allotted 4 treatments(8 heads/treatment): C-1[(control(0%) of Hanwoo steers)], C-2[(control(0%) of Hanwoo heifers)], T-1(supplemented with mugwort powder 2.0% of Hanwoo steers), T-2(supplemented with mugwort powder 2.0% of Hanwoo heifers). The shear force value and water holding capacity(WHC) of longissimus muscle were the highest in T-1($3.20kg/0.5inch^2$, 54.32%) and cookingloss was in C-2(22.22%) than the others(p<0.05). However, panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor of longissimus muscle were the highest for T-1(5.20-5.50 point) between the treatment group. The total catechin and epicatechen in longissimus muscle were higher in treatment group(0.43-046 mg/kg, 0.056-0.065 mg/kg) than control group(0.23-0.25 mg/kg, 0.031-0.032 mg/kg)(p<0.05). The content of total fatty acid in longissimus muscle were oleic acid(48.45-47.56%), palmitic acid(29.67-28.86%), stearic acid(9.92-10.82%), palmitoleic acid and myristic acid(4.68-5.49%, 2.48-3.89%) of range. In conclusion, the effects of feeding dietary mugwort of Hanwoo steer were improved the quality beef with highly panel test scores(juiciness, tenderness, flavor) and physical-chemical characteristics(shear force value, WHC).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 1993

A new methyltrophic bacterium which utilizes methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from soil. It was Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming rod, and strictly aerobic bacterium. Catalase and oxidase activities were present. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite. Vitamins and other growth factors were not required. Generation time was 1.6 hr under the optimal condition. The isolate assimilated methanol via the ribulose mono-phosphate pathway (Enter-Doudoroff varient) and did not have .alpha.-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. It assimilated ammonia through glutamate dehydrogenase. The guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA was 61.0 mol%. The celular fatty acid composition was primarily straight-chain saturated $C^{16 : 0}$ acids (palmitic acids) and unsaturated $C_{16 :1}$ acid (palmitoleic acids), and the isolate also contained two unidentified $C_{17}$ branched fatty acids. The major ubiquinone was Q-8, and Q-6 and Q-7 were present as minor components. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were predominantly present, and diphosphatidyglycerol was also detected. Based on the physiological and biochemical properties, the isolate was assigned to a novel species of the genus Methylobacillus, Methylobacillus methanolovorus sp. nov.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.531-535
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• 1995

The identification of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by Pseudomonas sp. CH-414 were investigated under the optimal culture conditions. The maximum dry cell weight and phospholipid production showed about 10 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml, respectively, at the 48 hr cultivation. The phospholipid form produced by Pseudomonas sp. CH-414 was elucidated as a phosphatidyt ethanolamine by thin layer chromatography. EPA was contained about 15% in the. extractable lipid, and the amount of EPA was about 83 $\mu $g/ml from the culture broth. Also myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and oleic acids were identified with gas chromatography.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

Environmental stimuli can lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is one of the risk factors for premature skin aging. Here, we investigated the protective effects of $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 (50% palmitoleic acid, 7-MEGA) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms in the HaCaT human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Our results showed that treatment with 7-MEGA prior to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced damage significantly increased the viability of HaCaT cells. 7-MEGA effectively attenuated generation of $H_2O_2$-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced inflammatory factors, such as prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$). In addition, cells treated with 7-MEGA exhibited significantly decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and increased expression of procollagen type 1 (PCOL1) and Elastin against oxidative stress by $H_2O_2$. Interestingly, these protective activities of 7-MEGA were similar in scope and of a higher magnitude than those seen with 98.5% palmitoleic acid (PA) obtained from Sigma when given at the same concentration (100 nL/mL). According to our data, 7-MEGA is able to protect HaCaT cells from $H_2O_2$-induced damage through inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, 7-MEGA may affect skin elasticity maintenance and improve skin wrinkles. These findings indicate that 7-MEGA may be useful as a food supplement for skin health.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.129-132
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate the physicochemical properties and component values of bamboo oil from Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis obtained by refining process. The tar concentration in the refined bamboo oil (RBO) was decreased to about 78% compared to crude Bamboo oil (CBO). The chromaticities of light, red, and yellow in RBO were 92.4 and 3.0, respectively. This result indicates that the chromaticity of light was increased with the decrease in the tar concentration in the Bamboo oil. The total concentrations of organic acid and phenolics compound in RBO were decreased to about 63% and 80%, respectively. The total concentration of free sugars was decreased to about 78% in RBO and the concentration of free sugar was in the order of lactose, fructose, and glucose. The palmitoleic acid and stearic acid concentrations were higher than that of other fatty acids. The concentration of total organic acid was decreased to about 88% through RBO. Among the various organic acids, the formic acid concentration was highest in the RBO. The minerals concentrations in the CBO were in the order of Ca, K, Na, and Fe. On the other hand, in the case of RBO, it was in the order of Ca, Fe, K, and Na.