• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.515-526
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• 2017

Recent trend is to use the lightweight concrete in the construction industry because it has several advantages over normal weight concrete. The Lightweight concrete can be produced from the industrial waste materials. In South East Asian region, researchers are very keen to use the waste materials such as oil palm shell (OPS) and palm oil clinker (POC) from the palm oil producing industries. Extensive research has been done on lightweight concrete using OPS or POC over the last three decades. In this paper the aggregate properties of OPS and POC are plotted in conjunction with mechanical and structural behavior of OPS concrete (OPSC) and POC concrete (POCC). Recent investigation on the use of crushed OPS shows that OPSC can be produced to medium and high strength concrete. The density of OPSC and POCC is around 20-25% lower than normal weight concrete. Generally, mechanical properties of OPSC and POCC are comparable with other types of lightweight aggregate concrete. It can be concluded from the previous study that OPSC and POCC have the noteworthy potential as a structural lightweight concrete.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.857-862
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• 1989

팜유에 유화제인 sucrose fatty acid ester를 첨가하여 유화제 첨가농도의 변화에 따라 나타나는 팜유의 결정화 및 용융화 현상을 DSC를 이용하여 연구하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 유화제가 첨가된 팜유를 냉각할 때, 무첨가군에 비하여 발열 정점 온도가 저하되었다. 이것은 SE가 300ppm까지 첨가된 팜유에서는 모결정 형성이 억제되므로 인해 결정화 온도가 저하된 것이다. 이는 SE의 첨가량이 300ppm까지 증가되는 것과는 관계없이 결정화 단계에서 저융점 결정 형성이 억제되었다. 팜유를 용융할 때 ${\alpha}$형 전이온도 및 entropy의 변화현상은 무첨가군에 비해 SE 첨가군의 경우, scanning rate의 변화에 관계없이 유화제의 분자 분산에 의한 영향으로 불규칙하게 나타났다.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

As oil palm trees are an important economic source in many countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa, the study of Ganoderma boninense is crucial for the sustainability of the oil palm industry. This study aims to understand the biology and ecology of the fungus, its pathogenesis, and the impact it has on oil palm trees. This knowledge can be used to develop management strategies to mitigate the damage caused by the fungus, such as the use of resistant varieties, chemical and biological control methods, and cultural practices. This study is to ensure the long-term productivity and sustainability of the oil palm industry. The main method of recent academic studies on this pathogen is molecular biology, with a focus on genetic analysis and functional genomics. Researchers have used techniques such as PCR, DNA sequencing, and transcriptomics to identify genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis and better understand the fungus's interactions with its host plant. Other methods used in recent studies include biochemical analysis, microscopy, and phytohormonal assays to investigate the biochemistry and physiology of the interaction between G. boninense and oil palm. This study is intended to provide implications from a new perspective by organizing and integrating studies on Ganoderma boninense.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2006

본 실험은 이유자돈에 있어 대두유, 건조팜유분말과 monoglyceride의 첨가가 성장 및 혈청 내 콜레스테롤 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종[(Y×L)×D] 자돈 125두(개시시 체중 6.00±0.79kg)를 공시하여 21일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험설계는 기초사료 내 일반대두유 5%를 함유한 처리구(SOY), 건조팜유분말 5.5%를 함유한 처리구(PALM), 일반대두유 2.5%와 0%, 12.5%, 25%의 monoglyceride를 각각 첨가한 건조팜유분말 2.7%를 함유한 처리구(SOPM0, SOPM12.5, SOPM25)의 5개 처리를 두었다. 0－21일간의 총 사양시험기간동안, 일당사료섭취량은 monoglyceride를 함유한 SOPM 구와 PALM 구가 SOY 구, monoglyceride를 함유하지 않은 SOPM 구와 비교하여 증가하였다(P<0.05). 일당증체량 및 사료효율에 있어서는 처리구간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 지방소화율에 있어서는 SOY 구가 가장 높았으며(P<0.05), monoglyceride를 함유한 SOPM 구는 PALM 구와 비교하여 유의적으로 소화율이 증가하였다(P<0.05). SOPM12.5 구와 SOPM25 구는 SOY 구와 비교하여 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 그러나, DM, N 및 DE의 소화율에 있어서는 처리구간 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 등지방 두께는 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 혈청 내 콜레스테롤 농도에 있어서는 SOY 구는 다른 처리구와 비교하여 혈청 내 total cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol과 total lipid 함량에 있어서는 유의적으로 감소하였으며(P<0.05), free fatty acid 함량에 있어서는 증가하였다(P<0.05). 또한, triglyceride 함량에 있어서는 PALM 구가 SOPM 구와 비교하여 증가하였다(P=0.06). 결론적으로, 이유자돈에 있어 대두유의 급여는 건조팜유분말의 단일 급여보다 높은 지방 소화율을 나타내었으며, 혈청 콜레스테롤 및 triglyceride 함량에 있어서도 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, monoglyceride가 함유된 건조팜유분말은 건조팜유분말만을 급여한 처리구와 비교하여 이유자돈의 지방 소화율을 개선하는 효과를 가지는 것으로 사료된다.(색인: 건조팜유분말, 모노글리세라이드, 성장율, 혈청 지질, 이유자돈)

• 기술사
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.110-120
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• 1998

The effect of heat treatment and the order of antioxidants treatment toward the thermally oxidized palm oil which has been stored at 60 $^{\circ}C$ was studied. The summerized results of this study are as follows; 1. In the accelerated autoxidation condition, tocopherol showed no distinct effect on the changes of peroxide of value between added tocopherol samples pre-and post treatment by heating. But, rosemary extract showed opposite result. It was supposed that rosemary extract had lower thermostability then tocopherol, because rosemary extract lost it's antioxidative activity during heating process. 2. The changes of acid value and anisidine value were more affected by heat treatment than the order of antioxidant treatment. 3. The oxidative stability measured by OSI showed same tendency as peroxide value. That is, the antioxidative activity of tocopherol in palm oil was more dependent on addition of antioxidants than heat treatment, but the rosemary extract had opposite character for antioxidative action in palm oil.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.458-468
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• 1996

The Oil Palm industry has developed tremendously with the increasing of planted area from 54,000 hectaresin 1960 to about 2.28 million hectares in 1995. This is expected to increase further to 2.5 million hectares by the year 2000. However, there has been an increasing difficulty in obtaining sufficient labour for the oil palm plantations. At present , harvesting of oil palm fresh fruit is facing an acute shortage of workforce as the workers are much more attracted to the better working environment and salary in the industrial sector. Harvesting of short palm is easily done by using a chisel attached to a short steel pole. Cutting is done by moving the tool at high speed to the target. The weight of the tool coupled with the speed of throwing will produce enough energy to cut the bunch stalk. In this cutting method, sharpness of the cutting device, weight of tool and the speed of throwing contribute to the efficiency of the tool . For the tall palms, a sickle attached to a ong pole is used and the job is more difficult compared to the short palms. Lifting of pole and cutting jobs require great effort and skills. This paper describes the basic design needs in developing an appropriate device that is practical for field use. A prototype design was developed and tested.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1987

A preliminary investigation was performed to evaluate the possibility of partially replacing palm oil and beef tallow by rapeseed oil for frying oils of instant Ramyon manufacturing. The AOM stability of rapeseed oil was inferior than of palm oil, but was comparable to that of beef tallow. When rapeseed oil was blended with palm oil or beef tallow, the AOM stability of the blended oil was improved. As far as AOM stability is concerned, best results were obtained with a blending ratio of 3 part of rapeseed oil to 7 part of palm oil and a ratio of 4 part of rapeseed oil to 6 part of beef tallow. These blended rapesee oils was retarded the formation of conjugated dienes and polymers during heating. The antioxidative effects on the stabilities of AOM and thermal in blended rapeseed oils showed that TBHQ was superior to tocopherols and a mixture of BHA and BHT was inferior.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.409-418
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• 1989

본 실험에서는 라면제조시 미강유를 튀김유로 사용했을 때, 그 산화 안정성에 대한 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, BHA, TBHQ, ascorbyl palmitate+구연산의 첨가효과와 미강유에 팜유를 가각 30, 50, 70%(w/w) 혼합한 혼합유의 경우 그 혼합효과 등에 대해서 조사하고자 했다. 이상의 항산화제들은 미강유에 0.02%의 수준으로 첨가했으며, 혼합유의 경우에는 전술한대로 혼합하여 실험에 사용했다. 이상의 기름으로 튀긴 시제라면들을 각각 30분식을 무색, 투명의 polypropylene 봉지에 넣어 $35.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$의 항온기내에서 90일간 저장했다. 일정기간마다 각 시료구와 실험대조구에서 라면시료를 채취한 후 그 속의 유지를 추출하여, 추출유지의 과산화물가, 산가, 요오드가, 유전항수, 지방산조성 등을 측정했다. 그리고 이상의 측정치들의 변과를 토대로 추출유지의 산화 안정성과 시제라면의 저장 안정성을 추정했다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 실험대조구와 각 항산화제 첨가구에서 추출한 유지의 과산화물가, 산가, 유전항수, 지방산 조성의 변화 등에서 판단할 때 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$은 항산화효과가 거의 없었으며, 한편 BHA는 약간의 효과가 있었다. 이에 반해서, ascorbyl palmitate와 구연산을 병용한 경우와 TBHQ의 경우에는 상당한 항산화효과를 보였다. 특히, TBHQ를 0.02% 첨가한 미강유를 사용했을 경우의 그 산화 안정성은 팜유를 사용했을 경우와 거의 같았다. 2. 혼합유 시료구들의 경우, 튀김에 사용한 혼합유 중의 팜유의 비율이 커질수록 그 산화 안정성은 증가했다. 즉, 팜유가 30% 혼합된 혼합유로 만든 시제라면의 추출유지의 산화 안정성은 미강유를 단독 사용했을 경우에 비해서 현저히 증가했다. 그리고 팜유가 70% 함유된 혼합유를 사용했을 경우 그 산화 안정성은 함유를 단독 사용했을 경우의 안정성과 거의 같았다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2015

The presence of phenols in treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) is an environmental concern due to their phytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. In this study, phenol-degrading bacteria, Methylobacterium sp. NP3 and Acinetobacter sp. PK1 were immobilized on oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) for removal of phenols in the treated POME. The bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) were responsible for cell adhesion to the EFBs during the immobilization process. These immobilized bacteria could effectively remove up to 5,000 mg/L phenol in a carbon free mineral medium (CFMM) with a greater degradation efficiency and rate than that with suspended bacteria. To increase the efficiency of the immobilized bacteria, three approaches, namely activation, acclimation, and combined activation and acclimation were applied. The most convenient and efficient strategy was found when the immobilized bacteria were activated in a CFMM containing phenol for 24 h before biotreatment of the treated POME. These activated immobilized bacteria were able to remove about 63.4% of 33 mg/L phenols in the treated POME, while non-activated and/or acclimated immobilized bacteria could degrade only 35.0%. The activated immobilized bacteria could be effectively reused for at least ten application cycles and stored for 4 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$ with the similar activities. In addition, the utilization of the abundant EFBs gives value-added to the palm oil mill wastes and is environmentally friendly thus making it is attractive for practical application.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.407-411
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• 1997

가열시간과 저장온도가 가열팜유의 산화안정성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 팜유는 $150^{\circ}C$에서 0, 1, 10 또는 20분동안 가열된 후 4, 20 또는 $65^{\circ}C$에 넣어 저장하였다. 시료의 산화안정성은 저장중인 시료의 과산화물가와 시료의 headspace에서의 휘발성 물질의 양을 측정함으로써 평가되었다. 4 또는 $20^{\circ}C$에 저장한 가열팜유와 $65^{\circ}C$에 저장한 팜유는 과산화물과 휘발성물질 생성에 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). Pentane, hexanal, heptane과 total volatile은 가열시간이 증가함에 따라 많이 생성되었으나 저장온도는 유의적으로 그 생성에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 이것은 가열팜유의 휘발성 물질의 생성에는 저장온도보다 가열시간이 더욱 중요한 역할을 수행함을 의미한다. 그러나 과산화물 생성에는 반대 결과가 관찰되었다. 또한 가열팜유의 산화안정성에 대한 가열시간과 저장온도의 상호효과도 관찰되었다.