• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.515-526
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• 2017

Recent trend is to use the lightweight concrete in the construction industry because it has several advantages over normal weight concrete. The Lightweight concrete can be produced from the industrial waste materials. In South East Asian region, researchers are very keen to use the waste materials such as oil palm shell (OPS) and palm oil clinker (POC) from the palm oil producing industries. Extensive research has been done on lightweight concrete using OPS or POC over the last three decades. In this paper the aggregate properties of OPS and POC are plotted in conjunction with mechanical and structural behavior of OPS concrete (OPSC) and POC concrete (POCC). Recent investigation on the use of crushed OPS shows that OPSC can be produced to medium and high strength concrete. The density of OPSC and POCC is around 20-25% lower than normal weight concrete. Generally, mechanical properties of OPSC and POCC are comparable with other types of lightweight aggregate concrete. It can be concluded from the previous study that OPSC and POCC have the noteworthy potential as a structural lightweight concrete.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.857-862
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• 1989

Palm oil was crystallized and melted in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in the presence and the absence of sucrose fatty acid ester (SE) at the different scanning rate. In the presence of SE, the crystallization temperature of palm oil was lowered, because SE inhibited the formation of mother crystal at the initial cooling stage The melting curves of SE added palm oil changed irregularly in the ${\alpha}-form$ transition and fusion entropy. It was that the presence of SE affected the molecular diffusion in palm oil.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

As oil palm trees are an important economic source in many countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa, the study of Ganoderma boninense is crucial for the sustainability of the oil palm industry. This study aims to understand the biology and ecology of the fungus, its pathogenesis, and the impact it has on oil palm trees. This knowledge can be used to develop management strategies to mitigate the damage caused by the fungus, such as the use of resistant varieties, chemical and biological control methods, and cultural practices. This study is to ensure the long-term productivity and sustainability of the oil palm industry. The main method of recent academic studies on this pathogen is molecular biology, with a focus on genetic analysis and functional genomics. Researchers have used techniques such as PCR, DNA sequencing, and transcriptomics to identify genes and pathways involved in pathogenesis and better understand the fungus's interactions with its host plant. Other methods used in recent studies include biochemical analysis, microscopy, and phytohormonal assays to investigate the biochemistry and physiology of the interaction between G. boninense and oil palm. This study is intended to provide implications from a new perspective by organizing and integrating studies on Ganoderma boninense.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the Effect of soybean oil, dried palm oil powder and monoglyceride supplementation on growth performance and serum lipid changes in weaned pigs. One hundred twenty five cross-bred pigs((Y×L)×D, 6.00±0.79kg average initial BW) were used in a 21 d growth trial. Dietary treatments included SOY(containing 5% soybean oil), PALM(containing 5.5% dried palm oil powder) and SOPM0, 12.5 and 25(containing 2.5% soybean oil and 2.7% dried palm oil powder containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% monoglyceride, respectively). For the whole period, ADFI was increased in dried palm oil powder containing monoglyceride and PALM treatments compared with SOY and SOPM0 treatment(P<0.05). ADG and G/F were not affected by treatments. Digestibility of fat was higher(P<0.05) for pigs fed SOY diet than fed other diets. SOPM diets containing monoglyceride showed increased fat digestibility compared with PALM diet(P<0.05). SOPM12.5 and SOPM25 treatments were no difference with SOY treatment. However, there were no significant differences in digestibilities of DM, N and DE(P>0.05). Backfat thicknesses were not significantly different among treatments. Pigs fed SOY diet was decreased in serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total lipid and was increased in free fatty acid than those fed other diet. Also, triglyceride concentration in serum was increased in PALM treatment compared with SOPM treatment(P=0.06). In conclusion, feeding soybean oil in weaned pigs showed higher fat digestibility and lower cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum than feeding only dried palm oil powder. Also, pigs fed monoglyceride were improved fat digestibility compared with those fed dried palm oil powder only.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.110-120
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• 1998

The effect of heat treatment and the order of antioxidants treatment toward the thermally oxidized palm oil which has been stored at 60 $^{\circ}C$ was studied. The summerized results of this study are as follows; 1. In the accelerated autoxidation condition, tocopherol showed no distinct effect on the changes of peroxide of value between added tocopherol samples pre-and post treatment by heating. But, rosemary extract showed opposite result. It was supposed that rosemary extract had lower thermostability then tocopherol, because rosemary extract lost it's antioxidative activity during heating process. 2. The changes of acid value and anisidine value were more affected by heat treatment than the order of antioxidant treatment. 3. The oxidative stability measured by OSI showed same tendency as peroxide value. That is, the antioxidative activity of tocopherol in palm oil was more dependent on addition of antioxidants than heat treatment, but the rosemary extract had opposite character for antioxidative action in palm oil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.458-468
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• 1996

The Oil Palm industry has developed tremendously with the increasing of planted area from 54,000 hectaresin 1960 to about 2.28 million hectares in 1995. This is expected to increase further to 2.5 million hectares by the year 2000. However, there has been an increasing difficulty in obtaining sufficient labour for the oil palm plantations. At present , harvesting of oil palm fresh fruit is facing an acute shortage of workforce as the workers are much more attracted to the better working environment and salary in the industrial sector. Harvesting of short palm is easily done by using a chisel attached to a short steel pole. Cutting is done by moving the tool at high speed to the target. The weight of the tool coupled with the speed of throwing will produce enough energy to cut the bunch stalk. In this cutting method, sharpness of the cutting device, weight of tool and the speed of throwing contribute to the efficiency of the tool . For the tall palms, a sickle attached to a ong pole is used and the job is more difficult compared to the short palms. Lifting of pole and cutting jobs require great effort and skills. This paper describes the basic design needs in developing an appropriate device that is practical for field use. A prototype design was developed and tested.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1987

A preliminary investigation was performed to evaluate the possibility of partially replacing palm oil and beef tallow by rapeseed oil for frying oils of instant Ramyon manufacturing. The AOM stability of rapeseed oil was inferior than of palm oil, but was comparable to that of beef tallow. When rapeseed oil was blended with palm oil or beef tallow, the AOM stability of the blended oil was improved. As far as AOM stability is concerned, best results were obtained with a blending ratio of 3 part of rapeseed oil to 7 part of palm oil and a ratio of 4 part of rapeseed oil to 6 part of beef tallow. These blended rapesee oils was retarded the formation of conjugated dienes and polymers during heating. The antioxidative effects on the stabilities of AOM and thermal in blended rapeseed oils showed that TBHQ was superior to tocopherols and a mixture of BHA and BHT was inferior.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2015

The presence of phenols in treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) is an environmental concern due to their phytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. In this study, phenol-degrading bacteria, Methylobacterium sp. NP3 and Acinetobacter sp. PK1 were immobilized on oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) for removal of phenols in the treated POME. The bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) were responsible for cell adhesion to the EFBs during the immobilization process. These immobilized bacteria could effectively remove up to 5,000 mg/L phenol in a carbon free mineral medium (CFMM) with a greater degradation efficiency and rate than that with suspended bacteria. To increase the efficiency of the immobilized bacteria, three approaches, namely activation, acclimation, and combined activation and acclimation were applied. The most convenient and efficient strategy was found when the immobilized bacteria were activated in a CFMM containing phenol for 24 h before biotreatment of the treated POME. These activated immobilized bacteria were able to remove about 63.4% of 33 mg/L phenols in the treated POME, while non-activated and/or acclimated immobilized bacteria could degrade only 35.0%. The activated immobilized bacteria could be effectively reused for at least ten application cycles and stored for 4 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$ with the similar activities. In addition, the utilization of the abundant EFBs gives value-added to the palm oil mill wastes and is environmentally friendly thus making it is attractive for practical application.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.407-411
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• 1997

Effects of heating time and storage temperature on the oxidative stability of heated palm oil were studied. Palm oil was heated at $150^{\circ}C$ for 0, 1, 10 or 20 min and stored at 4, 20 or $65^{\circ}C$. The oxidative stability of the sample was evaluated by determining peroxide value of the oil and measuring the volatiles in the headspace of the sample. Significant difference in the peroxide or volatile formation was observed (p<0.05) in heated palm oils between samples stored at 4 or $20^{\circ}C$ and those stored at $65^{\circ}C$. Pentane, hexanal, heptane and total volatiles increased with heating time, while storage temperature did not significantly affect their formation, indicating that heating time played more important role in volatile formation in the heated palm oil than storage temperature. However, adverse results were observed for the formation of peroxide. The interaction effect of heating time and storage temperature on the oxidative stability of heated palm oil was also observed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.970-972
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• 2003

Due to rapid increase in the demand of Natural Rubber (NR) few years ago, NR price sore very higher. The rubber plantation in Thailand expanded very fast to non traditional areas with the result Thai become the biggest NR exporting country in the world. However, the average yield is still lower compared to experimental yield of RRIT (Rubber Research Institute of Thailand) or just 60 % (RRIT, 1998). This is due to many of new rubber planting areas, which are not suitable. The Thai Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives thus has set 'The complete cycle development strategies for natural rubber' in the medium-term measures by reducing the rubber planting areas by 300,000 rai (1 rai = 0.16ha) through replanting with oil palm. The aim of this study is to find out land having lowest potential for rubber production (R3) but highest for oil palm production (P1). Find areas which are unsuitable for rubber and can be replaced by oil palm in order to get a better agricultural production. The study was applied upon Krabi province, Thailand. Crops requirement, degree of limitation to crops growth, climatic data, crops yield, soil map, topographic map etc., were used to evaluate land potential for both rubber and oil palm production according to FAO framework (Sys, 1992). An Agro-ecological suitability map for rubber and oil palm were produced. This was done by mean of GIS. The database was generated and guide map for the decision makers in view of suitable crop substitution was prepared.