• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2011

A vision-based method for positioning and orienting of pallets is presented in this paper, which guides autonomous forklifts to engage pallets automatically. The method uses a single camera mounted on the fork carriage instead of two cameras for stereo vision that is conventionally used for positioning objects in 3D space. An image back-projection technique for determining the orient of a pallet without any fiducial marks is suggested in tins paper, which projects two feature lines on the front plane of the pallet backward onto a virtual plane that can be rotated around a given axis in 3D space. We show the fact that the rotation angle of the virtual plane on which the back-projected feature lines are parallel can be used to describe the orient of the pallet front plane. The position of the pallet is determined by using ratio of the distance between the back-projected feature lines and their real distance on the pallet front plane. Through a test on real pallet images, we found that the proposed method was applicable to real environment practically in real-time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

During handling unitized products, they are subjected to a variety environmental hazards. Shock and vibration hazards are generally considered the most damaging of the environmental hazards on a product, and it may encounter while passing through the distribution environment. A major cause of shock damage to products is drops during manual handling. The increasing use of unitization on pallets has been resulted in a reduction in the manual handling of products and with it a reduction in the shock hazards. This has caused and increasing interest in research focused on vibration caused damage. the use of pallets as a base for unitizing loads, aids in the mechanical handling, transportation and storage of products. Besides aiding in the handling, transportation and storage of products, a pallet also acts on and interface between the packaged goods and the distribution environment. The determination of the impact deformation of the cushioning materials such as tray cup (polymeric foam) and corrugated fiberboard pad must be carried out to design the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. In this study, the theoretical analysis of impact deformation for cushioning materials by dynamic vibration. The impact deformations of SW and DW corrugated fiberboard pad in acceleration amplitudes of 0.25 G-rms and 0.5 G-rms that were usually generated in transport vehicles during distribution environments were very small compare with the thickness of corrugated fiberboard pad. The maximum of vibration acceleration level of tray cup by vibration impact was about 3.2 G-rms. The theoretical allowable acceleration (G-factor) of the pear was 0.7102 G-rms, and the maximum dynamic deformation estimated within G-factor was about 1 mm.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

A survey to pallet users was conducted in an aspect of the efficiency and benefit. The questionnaire identified the preference about the main variables such as price, size, conformity, material, which are the criteria of the users' choice. staffs in the capital region was selected as respondents and Cluster Analysis and Simulations was carried out with Conjoint Analysis. The result shows that the variables of material and conformity between facilities and products were more important than the variable of size. The respondents prefer the pallets with a various range of products because warehouses should keep a range of products under various condition of temperature. In accordance, the companies that provide a pallet pool service should set up individual marketing strategy by a type of customers so as to maximize the competitiveness in domestic or international markets. Furthermore, supplying standardized pallets should be consistent with the standardization not for individual logistics units, but for whole logistic systems. To achieve this, it requires the compatibility amongst a range of logistics activity participants by their characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 2018

This study deals with the case study on the pallet quantity determination problem for the flexible manufacturing system producing 32 different types of aircraft wing ribs which are major structures of an aircraft wings. A Korean company has constructed the WFMS (wing rib flexible manufacturing system) that is composed of several automated equipments such as the 5-axis machining centers, the RGV (rail guided vehicles)s, the AS/RS (automated storage and retrieval system), the loading/unloading stations, and so on. Pallets play a critical role in the WFMS to maintain high system utilization and continuous work flow between 5-axis machining machines and automated material handling devices. The discrete event simulation method is used to evaluate the performance of the WFMS under various pallet mix alternatives for wing rib manufacturing processes. Four performance measures including system utilization, throughput, lead-time and work in process inventory level are investigated to determine the best pallet mix alternative. The best pallet mix identified by the simulation study is adopted in setting up and operating a real Korean aircraft parts manufacturing shop. By comparing the real WFMS's performances with those of the simulation study, we discussed the cause of performance difference observed and the necessity of developing the CPS (cyber physical system).

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.1931-1936
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• 2007

The application of high velocity air jets to heat transfer surface has tremendous engineering potential in various industries. The impinging jets are therefore widely used for their enhanced transport characteristics, especially for drying of continuous materials such as sheet, film, carpets, forming materials and pallets. This paper presents the drying characteristics of plate type material and performs the test with the change of operating conditions in conveyer band dryer using the impinging jet nozzles. The factors influencing drying rate were confirmed, also the design data of band dryer using the impinging jet was obtained.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

This study sought efficiency of collaboration between manufacturers and distributors by finding a way to improve logistics efficiency in order to save distribution cost and standardize packaging together with profit generation by way of simple-display packaging in discount stores. For the study purpose, the impact of products with RRP (Retail Ready Packaging) by each discount store on the collaboration achievement such as loading efficiency was observed. From this observation, an alternative packaging system that can improve logistics efficiency between manufacturers and distributors was sought and the role of distributors in distribution standardization was explored. The purpose of this study also includes suggesting some implications on future basic direction of environment-friendly management. If this study would induce distributors to have more interest in distribution standardization and if logistics efficiency would be enhanced by the operation of packaging system considered of compatibility with pallets, this study would have academic significance and create practical values.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-42
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• 2001

This study was carried out to research on the compression strength of paper cups and to investigate the possibility to recycle them as pallet blocks. The compression strength of paper cups was increased with the increase of the number of them showing the value between 0.5 and $5.9kg/cm^2$. The compression strength of the pallets using paper cups as the blocks was increased with the increase of the number of paper cups per block. Especially, the compression strength of the pallet with ten paper cups per block showed the value above 1000kg.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.175-187
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• 2004

We consider the simultaneous selection of part routes for multiple part types in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs). Using an optimization framework we investigate two alternative route assignment policies. The one, called routing mix policy in the literature, specifies the optimal proportion of each part type to be produced along its alternative routes, assuming that the proportions can be kept during execution. The other one, which we propose and call pallet allocation policy, partitions the pallets assigned to each part type among the routes. The optimization framework used is a nonlinear programming superimposed on a closed queueing network model of an FMS which produces multiple part types with distinct repeated visits to certain workstations. The objective is to maximize the weighted throughput. Our study shows that the simultaneous use of multiple routes leads to reduced bottleneck utilization, improved workload balance, and a significant increase in the FMS's weighted throughput, without any additional capital investments. Based on numerical work, we also conjecture that pallet allocation policy is more robust than routing mix policy, operationally easier to implement, and may yield higher revenues.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

Needs on ensuring compatibility and conformity of equipments that are used in logistics functions - such as packaging, transporting, loading/unloading and storing - are raised. This article presents a classification scheme for analyzing the interfacing characteristics of logistics equipments focusing on standardized pallets of unit load system. International and domestic classification systems are reviewed and analyzed; as a result several problems are issued. Methods to resolve the problems, to specify the attributes of logistics equipments and to represent the semantics among them using semantic web technology are proposed. This study could make it possible to examine the conformities of interfacing equipments automatically.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.848-851
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• 2003

In this paper, a separating system for used CRT recycling is presented. Depend on manufacturer CRTs has small differences in dimension for the same model, but the dimensions of the panel are nearly same. To simplifying configuration of the system, we developed CRT fixing pallets for every model of CRT. The height of cutting position for every model of CRT will be same. The cutting machine has two rotating arm and use metal-bond type diamond cutting wheel. Instead of water, two vortex tube type air-coolers are used for the cooling of cutter. Workers in recycling factory are generally old people. Therefore, control program should be easy to use and operate. Thus we developed GUI with very simple interface.