• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.6_2
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• pp.891-897
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a destination optimal route algorithm for providing route finding service for the transportation handicapped by using the multi-criteria decision-making technique and the modified A-STAR optimal route search algorithm. This is a method to set the route to the destination centering on safety by replacing the distance cost of the existing A-STAR optimal route search algorithm with the safety cost calculated through AHP/TOPSIS analysis. To this end, 10 factors such as road damage, curb, and road hole were first classified as poor road factors that hinder road driving, and then pairwise comparison of AHP was analyzed and then defined as the weight of TOPSIS. Afterwards, the degree of driving safety was quantified for a certain road section in Busan through TOPSIS analysis, and the development of an optimal route search algorithm for the transportation handicapped that replaces the distance cost with safety in the finally modified A-STAR optimal route algorithm was completed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.984-991
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• 2022

The use of the sustainability rating systems in infrastructure construction projects is not as common in comparison to building construction projects. While the sustainability rating systems share some commonalities, they differ from one another in certain ways. Thus, project teams cannot make reliable decisions when choosing the best sustainability rating tools for a given infrastructure projects. The Department of Transportation (DOT) in several states are developing its own rating system to address the infrastructure sustainability, but not in the case of California. Therefore, this paper presents the statistical results on the important sustainability determinants that affects the success of meeting sustainability goals of infrastructure construction projects. The authors conducted an online survey using the structured questionnaires. The categories considered include site, water/wastewater, energy, materials/resources, environmental, and others. The statistical analyses such as Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA are conducted using a total of 25 valid and complete data out of 59 surveys collected. The results demonstrate several factors under each of six major sustainable categories have received higher ranks than other factors. The results also show that a statistically significant difference can be found from water, energy, and environmental categories against the other category based on the pairwise comparisons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2023

In this study, the evaluation items related to the effectiveness evaluation of the LVC (Live, Virtual, Constructive) training system of the Air Force were derived and the weights of each item were analyzed. The LVC training system evaluation items for AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis were divided into three layers, and according to the level, 3 items were derived at level 1, 11 items at level 2, and 33 items at level 3. For weight analysis of evaluation items, an AHP-based pairwise comparison questionnaire was conducted for Air Force experts related to the LVC training system. As a result of the survey, related items such as (1) Achievement of education and training goals (53.8%), (1.2) Large-scale mission and operational performance (25.5%), and (1.2.1) Teamwork among training participants (19.4%) was highly rated. Also, it was confirmed that the weights of evaluation items were not different for each expert group, that is, the priority for importance was evaluated in the same order between the policy department and the working department. Through these analysis results, it will be possible to use them as evaluation criteria for new LVC-related projects of the Air Force and selection of introduction systems.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2024

Objectives: To access the knowledge of undergraduate and postgraduate students of the dental college on basic anatomy, physiology, clinical examination, and pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Materials and Methods: A total of 610 undergraduate and postgraduate students of dental college, were included in this study. The questionnaire was pretested for validation and distributed online through Google forms. Results: A pairwise comparison showed that the percentage of correct answers for interns significantly differed from that of IV Bachelor of Dental Surgery (P=0.050) and postgraduate students (P=0.048) (below average: up to 6 correct answers, good: 7-11 correct answers, excellent: 12 or more correct answers). Conclusion: TMJ diseases are common in daily life but frequently go undiagnosed and untreated due to a lack of clinical expertise. This demonstrates the necessity of providing instructions that give students in-depth knowledge and abilities for TMJ issues in clinical practice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.389-396
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the various perspectives that children can provide by utilizing specific physical spaces for play, and to study how to effectively apply them to surrounding spaces and environments. AHP was used to analyze the preferred elements for effectively designing a play area. The main keywords were derived through case studies of various domestic and foreign play space designs, and each keyword was grouped and a keyword of a higher concept was derived. The results of the comparison of 14 keywords that were finally drawn using AHP for each element were used to derive the priority for the preferred elements. As a result, preference was derived in the order of "Openness", "Safety", and "Diversity" in the morphological properties of the play space, and "Adventure", "Five senses elements", "Visual elements" and "Interactivity" in the content properties of the play space.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.951-958
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• 2021

With the growing cyber threat to information assets, it has become important to share threat information quickly. This paper examines the sharing of cyber threat information and presents a method to determine the importance of threat indicators in the information sharing market by calculating weights. The analysis was conducted using AHP techniques, with a pairwise comparison of the four factors(attacker & infected system indicators, role indicators, malicious file indicators, technique & spread indicators) and the details of each factor. Analysis shows that malicious file indicators are the most important among the higher evaluation factors and infected system IP, C&C and Smishing are the most important factors in comparison between detailed items. These findings could be used to measure the preference of consumers and the contribution of information provider for facilitating information sharing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

There are two methods for evaluating two or more mutually exclusive projects. One is a total investment approach and the other is an incremental investment approach. The former can rank projects by the criterion of the net present value, but the latter can't do it. An incremental investment approach is only possible when all pairwise alternatives are compared. Thus an incremental investment approach is superior in ranking them over an incremental investment approach. To do so, a principle of comparison must be established. Comparisons of profitability are reasonable when operating the same amount of investment over the same period of time. One principle is that all projects are invested in the largest of the projects. Another principle is that all projects are invested during the longest project life of the projects. In this paper, even if the principle is followed, it will be shown that the external rate of return fails to rank them. However, the productive rate of return criterion would prove to be able to rank them like the net present value standard, provided that the principle of comparison is kept. In addition, rate of returns can be assessed so that all mutually exclusive projects can be compared at once, such as on the criterion of the net present value. That is, it can be also compared with many other returns, such as the profit rates on financial investments or real investments.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.110-121
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various types of acupuncture for menopausal hot flashes (HF). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from 8 electronic databases, and the risk of bias was evaluated for the included studies. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Review Manager and R software for indirect comparison and ranking, respectively. In total, 23 RCTs (2,302 patients) were eligible for systematic review, of which 10 were included in network meta-analysis. Network meta-analysis showed manual acupuncture (MA) had the highest probability of reducing HF frequency and severity, followed by sham acupuncture (SA), electroacupuncture, usual care, or no treatment; furthermore, warm acupuncture significantly improved menopause-specific quality of life compared with MA or electroacupuncture. Compared with hormone replacement therapy, acupuncture had less efficacy in reducing HF frequency but enhanced menopause-specific quality of life. There was no significant difference between MA and SA in mitigating HF. The existing evidence showed that MA could be used for alleviating menopausal HF. However, it is recommended that more high-quality RCTs should be performed.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.205-210
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• 2022

Background: Nasal bone fractures are the most common type of facial bone fracture, but are under-studied in adults above 65 years of age. Therefore, we investigated the epidemiology and patterns of nasal bone fractures among older adults in comparison to different age groups. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,321 nasal bone fracture patients who underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2010 to December 2017. The patients were classified by age as preschoolers, school-age children, young and middle-aged adults, and the elderly. We performed pairwise comparisons between elderly patients and each other age group in terms of sex, cause of injury, and fracture type. Results: The 2,321 nasal bone fracture patients included 76 elderly patients (50 men [65.8%] and 26 women [34.2%]). In these patients, the two most common injury causes were falling or slipping down (n= 39; 51.3%) and road traffic accidents (n= 19; 25.0%). According to the Stranc and Robertson classification, the most common force vector was lateral, and plane 2 fractures with lateral forces predominated. Conclusion: The elderly showed similar patterns of nasal bone fractures to those observed in young and middle-aged adults, but significant differences from preschoolers (in the injury vector and plane of fracture) and from school-age children (in the sex ratio and plane of fracture). However, elderly patients presented significantly different epidemiological characteristics compared to the other three groups. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of life of the elderly and prepare for the upcoming super-aged society by taking steps to reduce the incidence and severity of fractures. Possible options for doing so include strengthening individual-level safety factors and expanding the social safety net for the elderly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3407-3412
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, and time-intensity curve (TIC) type analysis derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses. Materials and Methods: 47 patients with 56 adnexal masses (27 malignant and 29 benign) underwent DWI and DCE-MRI examinations, prior to surgery. DWI signal intensity, mean ADC value, and TIC type were determined for all the masses. Results: High signal intensity on DWI and type 3 TIC were helpful in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses (p<0.001). The mean ADC value was significantly lower in malignant adnexal masses (p<0.001). An ADC value< $1.20{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ may be the optimal cutoff for differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. The negative predictive value for low signal intensity on DWI, and type 1 TIC were 100%. The pairwise comparison among the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of TIC was significantly larger than the AUCs of DWI and ADC (p<0.001 for comparison of TIC and DWI, p<0.02 for comparison of TIC and ADC value). Conclusions: DWI, ADC value and TIC type derived from DCE-MRI are all sensitive and relatively specific methods for differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses. By comparing these functional MR techniques, TIC was found to be more accurate than DWI and ADC.