• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 1981

Assuming krypton molecules adsorbed on graphite surface as 2D gas, the interaction energy of Kr-graphite and the Henry's constant are calculated analytically by the Fourier series expansion method. 2D virial cofficients, $B_{2D}$ and $C_{2D}$, are also calculated to obtain 2D equation of state, and hence adsorption isotherms. The isotherms so obtained are compared with experimental results reported by Putnam and Fort. The pairwise additivity of Lennard-Jones(12, 6) interaction energy is also assumed, and parameters therein are taken as; ${\varepsilon}_{gs}$/k = 70 K, ${\sigma}_{gs}$ = 0.35 nm, ${\varepsilon}_{gg}$/k = 170 K, and ${\sigma}_{gg}$ = 0.37 nm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2007

In general, reliability of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) depends on pairwise comparison of evaluators. In addition, human judgment on the importance of alternatives or criteria is always imprecise and vague. To cope with these shortcomings, Fuzzy AHP is suggested and used widely recently. But in Fuzzy AHP, it cannot deal with the evaluator's various attitudes towards risk and confidence owing to evaluator's different expertise and experience. This paper proposes a method for consideration of evaluator's confidence and risk attitude in Fuzzy AHP. And suggested methods are applied various scenarios to verify the meaningfulness. The result shows that the priority of alternatives can be change through the consideration of evaluator's confidence and risk attitude.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 1988

The isotherms of oxygen chemisorption on polycrystaline nickel surface are obtained at various temperatures between 298K and 523K from intensity measurernent of O 1s xps peaks, and the activation energy of the chemisorption is estimated as a function of the coverage. The activation energy extrapolated to zero coverage is found to be -5.9 kJ/mol. The negative activation energy can be taken as a strong implication of the propriety of a currently accepted chemisorption model, in which molecularly adsorbed precursor state is assumed to exist. The residence time of this precursor state is estimated by assuming a molecularly physisorbed state for the precursor state and assuming a pairwise interaction energy of Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential between an admolecule and each substrate nickel atom. The sticking coefficients are also calculated from the isotherms. The calculated results agree well with those obtained by others with different methods.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2009

Energy environment has been changing rapidly such as the fluctuation of oil prices and the effect on UNFCCC. Oil price change affects Korea's economy heavily due to her poor natural resources and large dependence of consumed energy resources. Korea takes the 4th place of importing the crude oil and 9th place in $CO_2$ emissions with the 1st place of $CO_2$ emissions increasing rate. Considering the current statue of Korea including oil price change and UNFCCC, Korea will be expected to be the Annex I nation due to Korean energy environments and the quantity of $CO_2$ emission. Energy technology development is a crucial key to cope with Korea's national energy security and environments. In this study, we establish the framework, which allocates the relative weights of assessment criteria and sub-criteria, for assessing and selecting R&D programs of energy technologies strategically. We integrated fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach since the fuzzy AHP approach reflects the vagueness of human thoughts and perception effectively as making pairwise comparisons of criteria and alternatives. The fundamental data of this research results will support R&D planning phase for policy-makers and the production of well focused R&D outcomes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.673-676
• /
• 2003

This paper deals with the problem of moving object detection and location in computer vision. We describe a new object-dependent motion analysis method for tracking target in an image sequence taken from a moving platform. We tackle these tasks with three steps. First, we make an active contour model of a target in order to build some of low-energy points, which are called kernels. Then we detect interest points in two windows called tracking windows around a kernel respectively. At the third step, we decide the correspondence of those detected interest points between tracking windows by the probabilistic relaxation method In this algorithm, the detecting process is iterative and begins with the detection of all potential correspondence pair in consecutive image. Each pair of corresponding points is then iteratively recomputed to get a globally optimum set of pairwise correspondences.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.2874-2892
• /
• 2013

Since security plays an important role in several ZigBee applications, such as Smart Energy and medical sensor applications, ZigBee Specification includes various security mechanisms to protect ZigBee frames and infrastructure. Among them, the Join and Leave operations of ZigBee are investigated in this paper. The current Join-Leave operation is protected by the network key (a kind of group key). We claim it is not adequate to employ the network key for such purpose, and propose a new Join-Leave operation protected by the application link key (a kind of pairwise key), which is based on a more efficient key management scheme than that of ZigBee. Hence, the original Join operation consists of a total of 12 command frames, while the new Join operation consists of only 6 command frames. In particular, the security of the proposed Join-Leave operation is equivalent to or better than that of the original Join-Leave operation. The new Join-Leave operation is extensively analyzed in terms of security and efficiency, and compared with the original Join-Leave operation of ZigBee.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2022.06a
• /
• pp.984-991
• /
• 2022

The use of the sustainability rating systems in infrastructure construction projects is not as common in comparison to building construction projects. While the sustainability rating systems share some commonalities, they differ from one another in certain ways. Thus, project teams cannot make reliable decisions when choosing the best sustainability rating tools for a given infrastructure projects. The Department of Transportation (DOT) in several states are developing its own rating system to address the infrastructure sustainability, but not in the case of California. Therefore, this paper presents the statistical results on the important sustainability determinants that affects the success of meeting sustainability goals of infrastructure construction projects. The authors conducted an online survey using the structured questionnaires. The categories considered include site, water/wastewater, energy, materials/resources, environmental, and others. The statistical analyses such as Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA are conducted using a total of 25 valid and complete data out of 59 surveys collected. The results demonstrate several factors under each of six major sustainable categories have received higher ranks than other factors. The results also show that a statistically significant difference can be found from water, energy, and environmental categories against the other category based on the pairwise comparisons.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2019

Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, isolated from a Maasai fermented milk product ("kule naoto"), was previously shown to exhibit bile acid resistance, cholesterol assimilation, and adhesion to HT29-MTX cells in vitro. In this study, we re-annotated and analyzed the previously reported complete genome sequence of strain BFE5264. The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 3,086,152 bp and a putative plasmid, which is the largest one identified among L. rhamnosus strains. Among the 2,883 predicted protein-coding genes, those with carbohydrate-related functions were the most abundant. Genome analysis of strain BFE5264 revealed two consecutive CRISPR regions and no known virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, previously known highly variable regions in the genomes of L. rhamnosus strains were also evident in strain BFE5264. Pairwise comparison with the most studied probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG revealed strain BFE5264-specific deletions, probably due to insertion sequence-mediated recombination. The latter was associated with loss of the spaCBA pilin gene cluster and exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Comparative genomic analysis of the sequences from all available L. rhamnosus strains revealed that they were clustered into two groups, being within the same species boundary based on the average nucleotide identities. Strain BFE5264 had a sister group relationship with the group that contained strain GG, but neither ANI-based hierarchical clustering nor core-gene-based phylogenetic tree construction showed a clear distinctive pattern associated with the isolation source, implying that the genotype alone cannot account for their ecological niches. These results provide insights into the probiotic mechanisms of strain BFE5264 at the genomic level.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.204-207
• /
• 2009

수소를 기반으로 하는 신재생에너지의 생산, 관리 및 이용 시스템을 연계하여 운전하는 Green City 실증단지 구현을 위한 국내 도서 선정은 지자체별 이해관계와 지역발전계획에 따라 첨예한 논란을 수반할 소지가 있다. 입지 선정 절차상에서 예비후보지 선정과정이 형식적이거나 입지선정기준이 없어 입지선정을 위한 평가항목, 평가기준, 항목별 배점 등이 분석자의 의도에 따라 조정될 수 있는 문제점이 있다. 또한 각 지역에 대한 입지선정을 위한 기준이 있다 하더라도 추상적이거나 객관적이지 않은 기준이 많아 입지선정에 직접 적용하기 어렵고, 자연환경, 사회경제, 법제, 입지조건, 부하특성, 지자체 호응 등 인자들의 평가의 형평성이 결여될 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 의사결정도구로 이용되는 계층분석법(AHP)을 입지선정절차에 적용하였다. 객관적인 정보가 제공 가능한 평가항목을 설정하고, 관련 전문가들의 설문조사를 통하여 주관적인 중요도 결과를 취합하였다. 이 결과를 계층분석법을 활용하여 평가항목별 가치를 측정하여 가중치를 부여하였고, Green City 실증단지 구현을 위한 후보도서의 순위를 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.1214-1217
• /
• 2009

무선 센서 네트워크에서 각각의 센서 노드들은 무선 통신을 통해 서로 간에 통신을 수행한다. 과거에는 이러한 센서 노드간의 통신을 제 3 자로부터 안전하게 지키는 것이 중요한 보안 이슈였다. 특히 보안 서비스를 제공 하기 위한 키 관리 기법들이 주요 연구방향이었다. 하지만 안전하게 만들어진 확률론적 키(key)를 기반으로 하는 키 사전분배 방법은 공격받은 다른 노드로 인해 자신의 키가 노출 될 수 있다. 공격자는 노출된 공유키(shared key)를 통해 노출되지 않은 정상 노드(non-compromised node) 사이의 대칭키(pairwise key)를 얻을 수 있으며, 공격자는 네트워크에 심각한 영향을 줄 수 있는 메시지 삽입 및 수정 공격을 감행할 수 있다. 이와 같은 오용된 키를 폐기하고 메시지 삽입 및 수정 공격을 막기 위해 Liu and Dong 은 오용키 탐지 방법을 제안하였다. 하지만 이들의 방법에는 한계점이 있어 이를 보완하기 위한 에너지 효율적인 오용키 탐지 기법을 제안한다.