• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2017

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) rely on their upper limbs for body-lifting activity (BLA). While studies have examined the electromyography (EMG) and kinematics of the shoulder joints during BLA, no studies have considered foot position during BLA. Objects: This study compared the effects of different foot positions during BLA on the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion in individuals with SCI. Methods: The study enrolled 13 mens with motor-complete paraplegic SCI, ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) A or B. All subjects performed BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest and on the floor independently. Surface EMG was used to collect data from the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii. The peak plantar pressure was measured using pedar-X and the knee flexion angle with Image J. Borg's rating perceived exertion scale was used to measure the physical activity intensity level. The paired t-test was used to compare the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion between the two feet positions during BLA. Results: The activity of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii and rating perceived exertion decreased significantly and the peak plantar pressure and knee flexion angle increased significantly when performing BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest compared with on the floor (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals with SCI may perform BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest for weight-relief lifting to decrease the shoulder muscle activities and the rating perceived exertion and to increase the peak plantar pressure and the knee flexion angle.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 고등학생을 대상으로 한 '건강한 커플관계'교육이 관계형성능력과 결혼 가치관에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 연구자가 개발한 '건강한 커플관계'교육을 2018년 9월 1일부터 11월 3일까지 8주간 두 개의 고등학교 수업에 각각 실행한 후 그 효과를 분석하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학생을 위한 '건강한 커플관계'교육은 가정과의 교과역량인 관계형성능력을 향상시키는데 효과가 있었다. A그룹(S고등학교)은 '의사소통', '갈등해결' 영역과 '관계형성능력' 전체의 점수에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 인원수가 적어 Wilcoxon 부호-서열 검증을 실시한 B그룹(세종시 캠퍼스형 공동 교육과정)은 '관계형성능력'의 전체 및 하위 영역(의사소통, 자기이해, 갈등해결, 공감)의 점수가 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 모두 향상되었다. 둘째, 고등학생을 위한 '건강한 커플관계' 교육은 고등학생의 결혼 가치관에 일부 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. A그룹(S고등학교)에서는 '결혼 가치관'이 유의미하게 긍정적으로 변화하였지만, B그룹(세종시 캠퍼스형 공동 교육과정)에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 '건강한 커플관계'교육은 고등학생들이 건강한 커플관계 형성을 위한 지식과 기술을 습득하고 자신의 삶과 연결하여 깊이 있게 탐구해 봄으로써 가정과 교과역량인 '관계형성능력'을 함양하고 결혼에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓혀 긍정적인 가치관을 형성하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 선형 다중회귀분석을 통해 과부하 굴삭기 소음의 불쾌감을 표현할 수 있는 음질인자를 찾고 이를 이용하여 객관적인 평가를 위한 음질인덱스를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 소음특성이 다른 굴삭기 6모델을 선별하여 과부하 조건의 운전실 소음을 녹음하고 쌍대비교법과 크기평가법에 의한 청음평가를 수행하였다. 그리고 일관성이 낮은 청음평가 결과는 군집분석을 통해 선호도 성향이 다른 2 그룹으로 분류하고 회귀분석을 실시하여 어떤 음질인자가 불쾌감(낮은 선호도)에 유의한 영향을 주는 인자인지를 고찰하였다. 그 결과 불쾌감을 표현하는 음질인자는 10 Bark까지 부분 라우드니스 인자($PN_{10Bark}$)에 따라 불쾌감을 느끼는 성향을 가진 청음 평가자 그룹과 엔진 소음($dB_{EG}$)과 유압시스템 소음의 차이($dB_1$)로 표현된 인자에 따라 불쾌감을 느끼는 성향을 가진 청음 평가자 그룹으로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 쌍대비교법의 선호도 순위와 성향 분석결과를 이용하고 크기평가법과의 상관분석을 통해 신뢰도가 낮은 평가자의 결과는 제외하여 보다 신뢰성 높은 크기평가법의 청음평가 결과를 얻었다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제58권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2014

Although Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are generally treated by western medicine, many of them strongly believe in the traditional oriental Sasang constitutional classification and depend on it for food, health supplements, and oriental medicines decision making. Sasang constitutional classification is a part of traditional Korean medicine that divides people into four constitutional types (Tae-Yang: TY, Tae-Eum: TE, So-Yang: SY, and So-Eum: SE), which differ in inherited characteristics such as appearance, personality traits, susceptibility to diseases, and drug responses. It is recommended for T2DM patients to control their blood glucose very well from early stages with drugs and diet. However, many T2DM patients respond differently to their drugs, even though they receive the same medicine. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Sasang constitutional type can explain the therapeutic differences between oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) therapy (mono, dual and triple drug therapy). Patients of 618 with T2DM diagnosis and Sasang constitutional type known who received both western and oriental medicine treatment in a hospital between April 2006 and April 2013 retrospectively studied. HbA1c (%) and blood glucose (mg/dl) levels before OHAs therapy and 3 month after were collected for metformin (MET) or sulfonylurea (SU) monotherapy, MET+SU dual therapy, MET+except SU (where was either alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, meglitinide or thiazolidinedione) dual therapy, and triple therapy, according to Sasang constitutional type. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was used and paired t-test by SPSS 19.0 where P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pattern was similar levels of HbA1c and blood glucose and which was decreased in order of mono, MET+SU dual, MET+except SU dual and triple therapy. In all patients comparison, for the So-yang (SY) constitutional type, either monotherapy was less effective; for Te-eum (TE) type, MET+SU dual therapy was less effective while MET+except SU dual therapy was more effective and the triple therapy was less effective; and for So-eum (SE) type, the triple therapy was more effective. For the management of TE type it is recommended to use drugs except SU when dual therapy is needed, restrict triple therapy and consider dual and insulin therapy; for SY type it is recommended to follow current guidelines; and for SE type it is advisable to skip dual therapy and start the triple therapy early. Finally, the therapeutic response to OHAs is different among Korean T2DM patients with different Sasang constitutional types. Taken together, the choice of effective OHAs therapy for each type is necessary in order to minimize the poor control of blood glucose level, the risk of complications, and the costs from a failure of therapy.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.233-246
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a MBTI based self growth program had any effect on improving the ego identity, self efficacy, interpersonal relations ability and adjustment of nursing students. Method: The subjects in this study were 56 juniors who were majoring in nursing science at H and S college in Chungnam province. At each college, an experimental group and a control group were organized with 26 and 30 students respectively, and the data were gathered at H college from April 6 through May 14, 2004, and at S college from May 31 through July 3, 2004. A MBTI based self growth program was conducted 10 times for five weeks, twice a week and for 120 minutes each. And the ego identity, self efficacy, interpersonal relations ability and adjustment of the selected students were measured and compared to see if that program has any effect on above variables. For data handling, SAS 8.0 program was employed. Fisher's exact test and unpaired t-test were used to confirm whether or not the experimental and control groups were equivalent. Before the experiment, their ego identity, self efficacy, interpersonal relations ability and adjustment were tested by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison in consideration of their general characteristics, and paired t-test and ANCOVA were utilized to see if that program brought any changes to their ego identity, self efficacy, interpersonal relations ability and adjustments. Result: The findings of the study were as follows; After the MBTI based self growth program was applied, the experimental groups made a significant progress in ego identity than the control groups. And the experimental groups underwent a significantly change in ego identity after the experiment, compared to the control groups. The experimental groups showed a significant improvement in self efficacy than the control group, and the experimental groups showed significant change in self efficacy than the control groups after the experiment. The experimental group showed a significant progress in interpersonal relations ability than the control group did, and the former groups underwent significant change in that regard than the control groups after the experiment. There was no difference in adjustment between the experimental and control groups. The experimental groups showed significant change in adjustment than the control groups after the experiment, but the difference was insignificant. After this program was implemented, the students underwent changes in self understanding, self accepting, understanding others and accepting others. They also had more confidence and more positive self images, and they were better able to tide over difficulties with others. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the MBTI based self growth program might serve to enhance the ego identity, self efficacy and interpersonal relations ability of the nursing students and brought inner changes to them. Therefore, the MBTI based self growth program was expected to make a great contribution to the character building of nurses.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the sleep characteristics between the prone and the supine position in healthy newborns. The 48 newborns were observed in the prone position and the supine position respectively on the 2nd day after birth. The data were collected from January to May, 1999. The state of a newborn was classified and categorized to 6 states (deep sleep. light sleep, drowsy, quiet alert, active alert, crying) by Barnard. The movements of eyes, face and extremities, pulse and arterial oxygen were observed and recorded continuously from the start of sleep after feeding until the time of being woken for the next feeding by a trained nurse The data was analyzed by using paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference in the length of sleeping time between the prone and the supine position. 2. There was no significant difference in the length and frequencies of each states(deep sleep, light sleep, drowsy, quiet alert, active alert, crying) between the prone and the supine position But the frequency of light sleep in the supine position was significantly higher than that of the prone position. 3 There was no significant difference In the numbers or eyes movements between the prone and the supine sleep position. But the amount of facial and extremity movement in the supine position was significantly higher than those in the prone position 4. There was no significant difference in the arterial oxygen content between the prone and the supine sleep position. 5. There was no significant difference in the heart rates between the prone and the supine sleep position. The above results indicated that the newborns in the prone Position moved less and slept deeper than those in the supine position. though there was no difference in the length of sleep or arterial oxygen content between the prone and the supine sleep Position. But. Nurses and mothers should consider the relationship between the sleep Position and SIDS suggested by previous researches. The infant's 'awakening' during sleep is a normal process and rather valuable because it can provide an opportunity to promote a stronger relationship between mother and baby. So, It is suggested that the supine sleep position is better than the prone sleep position for infants.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.163-178
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 신제품 개발시 최적 디자인을 선정하기 위한 의사결정방법이 많지 않은 상황에서 계층적 분석 모형을 이용해 신제품 디자인 요소들간의 계층적 구조를 분석하고 요인별 중요도를 추출하였다. 신제품 디자인 개발에 적용되는 디자인 요소의 중요도를 도출하기 위해 우선순위 도출에 관한 연구모형을 설계하고, 평가항목을 설정하였으며, 이들 변인들간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 실증적 연구접근을 실시하였다. 분석에 의한 디자인 요소별 평가결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 적용을 위한 항목선정에 있어서 선행연구 자료를 통해 도출한 평가요소들을 다차원척도를 통해 4가지 차원으로 그룹화하였으며, Digital TV 제품과 관련된 속성을 36항목으로 구성하였다. 요인분석을 통하여 36항목의 평가세부기준들을 가능한 줄여서 간명성을 확보하고, 여러 항목들이 가지고 있는 특성을 하나의 요인으로 줄였다. 그 결과로 기능적 요소에서는 4개 요인을 추출하였고, 심미적 요소에는 3개 요인을 추출하였으며, 상징적 요소와 경제적 요소에서는 각각 2개 요인을 추출하였다. 둘째, 하나로 묶은 세부요인들은 다시 계층적 분석법을 통해서 서로간의 1:1 비교를 통해 중요도를 산출하였다. “Digital TV 구매시 디자인 요소의 중요도 평가”라는 전반적인 목표를 달성하기 위해 고려해야 할 상위기준과 각 기준에 대한 하위기준을 계층화하고 그에 따른 쌍별비교를 통해 요소의 중요 우선순위를 도출하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 1986

Ratio analysis allows a hospital to evaluate its own performance over time and to compare its performance with that of other hospitals. For this study, three types of ratio analysis were conducted based on some data on hospitals in Massachusetts. First, Key ratios influencing financial performance were identified using discriminant analysis. Second, the financial structures of the teaching and the non-teaching hospitals were compared using ratios and multiple comparison method. Third, the effects of the prospective reimbursement law of the state on financial performance were examined using ratios and paired t-test. The purpose of the law is to reduce hospital costs by setting the revenue ceiling prior to the effective budget year. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) When hospitals were divided into three groups, according to their operating income, only profitability ratios showed a consistent difference among the groups. 2) In the discriminant analysis, five ratios were selected: current ratio, operating margin, return on assets, fixed assets turnover, and inventory turnover. They are the key ratios to be monitored periodically for the purpose of evaluating the financial performance of hospitals. 3) When teaching hospitals were compared with non-teaching hospitals, acid ratio, days of cash on hand, and inventory turnover were statistically significant before the law went into effect, whereas only fixed assets turnover and inventory turnover were significant afterward. Contrary to previous studies, profitability ratios of teaching hospitals were higher than those of non-teaching hospitals, although the differences were not statistically significant. 4) When the ratios between the two periods (before and after the law) were compared, three profitability ratios (operating margin, return on assets, and return on equity) were significant for teaching hospitals, whereas three activity ratios (total assets turnover, fixed assets turnover, current assets turnover) were significant for non-teaching hospitals. Furthermore, while both total operating revenue and expenses were decreased, net operating income was increased, due to a greater decrease in total operating expenses. This shows that the law can indeed, simultaneously, achieve both a reduction in costs as well as an improvement in the financial situation of hospitals.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.431-438
• /
• 2000

Adipic acid에 대해 저항성을 갖도록 변이된 Leuconostoc paramesenteroides (ANaP100) 균주의 내산성 특성을 조사하기 위하여 수소이온 투과도, $H^+-ATPase$ 활성, $Mg^{++}$ 해리도, 원형질막의 지방산 조성을 지표로 삼아 야생균주(LPw)와 비교하였다. 수소이온 투과도의 경우 pH 5에서 $t_{1/2}$ 값이 LPw는 4.3분, ANaP100은 4.8분으로서 변이균주가 다소 내산성이 높았으며 $H^+-ATPase$ 활성은 maximal activity가 Leu. paramesenteroides는 모두 pH 6.0에서 가장 높았고 LPw는 0.59 unit/mg protein, 변이균주는 0.63 unit/mg protein으로서 ANaP100이 LPw보다 활성이 높았다. 세포막의 산 손상(acid damage)에 의한 $Mg^{++}$ 해리도에서도 pH 4.0에서 2시간 경과 후 LPw는 52.2%, ANaP100은 27.3%로서 LPw에 비해 약 1/2가량 $Mg^{++}$이 적게 유출되어 산에 의한 세포막의 손상이 적었다. 원형질막의 지방산 조성은 ANaP100가 $C_{18:1}$은 감소하고, $C_{19:0,\;cyclo}$는 증가하여 내산성이 증대되었으며 또한 adipic acid 첨가시에도 LPw에 비해 우수한 증식을 보였다. 따라서 ANaP100이 LPw에 비해 내산성이 증가되었으며 adipic acid 저항성도 함유하는 것이 확인되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.309-324
• /
• 2008

Terra/Aqua MODIS의 적외관측 자료를 이용하여 동아시아 지역에서 물리적 방법과 split-window 방법으로 총가강수량을 산출하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 물리적 방법에서는 동아시아 지역에 대한 분석 예측 자료를 생산하는 RDAPS 자료를 알고리즘의 초기 추정치로 사용하였다. 이 과정에서 복사전달계산을 위해 빠르고 정확도가 높은 RTTOV-7 모델을 이용하였다. Split-window를 이용한 총가강수량 산출에서는 동아시아 지역의 라디오존데 관측자료를 훈련자료로 사용하여 밝기온도를 계산하였고, 이로부터 관측된 밝기온도로부터 총가강수량을 산출할 수 있는 회귀식을 도출하였다. 위의 두 알고리즘을 2004년 8월과 12월의 MODIS 적외 자료에 적용하여 산출한 결과를 해양에서는 DMSP SSM/I 결과와 육지에서는 라디오존데 관측 결과와 비교하여 검증하였고, 이를 바탕으로 총가강수량의 정확성에 영향을 미치는 요인과 산출과정에 중요한 물리과정을 분석하였다. 비교결과 RDAPS, MODIS, split-window 방법에 비해 물리적 방법을 이용한 총가강수량의 산출 정확성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 물리적 방법은 초기 추정치에 따라 산출결과가 상이하게 나타나는 단점을 가지고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 TIGR 자료와 같은 기후 평균값을 초기치로 적용함에 있어 주의가 요구된다. 이러한 원인으로 지표 부근의 수증기에 대한 정보 부족 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 단점에도 불구하고 지표와 지형의 변화가 큰 한반도를 포함한 동아시아 지역에서는 물리적 방법에 의한 총가강수량 산출의 효율성이 큰 것으로 사료된다.