• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-260
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a mental health program within a mental health model middle school. Methods : Subjects of the study consisted of 748 students from the second grade and third grade students at the middle school chosen for a school mental health program by the Ministry of Education in Jeju. The subjects participated in 12 consecutive sessions of group discussion developed to prevent mental health problems. The authors investigated the effects of the program by evaluating the students with Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Conners & Wells' Adolescent Self Report Scale(CASS) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) before the initial session and after the final session. The data was analyzed by t-test in SPSS PC+ 10.0. The range of significance was p<.05. Results : In MMPI, the percentage of students above clinical range reduced from $12.9\%\;to\;11.0\%$. It reduced in the second grade students, but increased in the third grade students. The scores of paranoia and mania subscales showed a statistically significant reduction. In IAS, the percentage of students above the range of Internee overuse reduced from $16.0\%\;to\;6.8\%$. The percentage of students who showed risk of attention problems in CASS reduced from $22.7\%\;to\;18.3\%$. Also, both IAS and CASS scores showed a statistically significant reduction. The clinical significance of the reduction of IAS scores was within moderate range. Conclusion : The mental health program reduced the percentage of students' risk of mental health problems, internet addiction and attention problems and it was clinically effective on preventing Internet addiction. These results support the effects of a school mental health program to promote students' mental health. The authors suggest to expand this program to other schools, to reconfirm the effect of the program by using proper & specified instruments and to evaluate long-term effect of the program.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2019

Objectives: Healthy sleep is important and can have a positive effect on resilience. The aim of the present study was to compare the differences in resilience between two group nurses in rotating shift and daytime fixed work schedules and to investigate stress perception, coping factors, social and psychological health, and sleep factors that may affect resilience. Methods: A total of 400 female nurses having rotating shift and daytime fixed work schedules at two hospitals was surveyed from June 12, 2017 to June 12, 2018. All participants completed perceived stress scale (PSS), stress coping short form (Brief COPE), psycho-social wellbeing Index short form (PWI-SF) or general health questionnaire-18 (GHQ-18), center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), STAI-X-1 in state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), insomnia severity index (ISI), Conner Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Independent t-test, paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were applied to the results of the final 373 questionnaires of 400 nurses in two general hospitals. Results: Comparing the variable statistics between the two groups of rotating shift and daytime fixed work nurses, showed statistically significant differences in all variables except perceived stress, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Factors that had a significant correlation with resilience were stress coping strategies, depression, and insomnia severity (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, larger positive reframing1 (β = 0.206, p < 0.001), severe less depression (β = -3.45, p < 0.001), and higher psychosocial health (β = 0.193, p < 0.001). As acceptance coping2 increased (β = 0.129, p < 0.05), as daytime sleepiness decreased (β = -1.17, p < 0.05), and as active coping2 increased (β = 0.118, p < 0.05), as the positive reframing2 increases (β = 0.110, p < 0.05), the resilience increased. Conclusion: This study, it was found that resilience was higher in daytime fixed workers than in shift workers. In addition, specific stress coping strategies, psycho-social health, sleep, and depression factors were associated with resilience.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.568-578
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of self-care program on knowledge and symptoms related hypertension self-care and physiological index in essential hypertensive patients aged between 35-74 year. The subjects for the experiment group and the control group of this study were 70 men and women selected through random sampling from adults at Sangju Red Cross Hospital in Gyeongsanbuk-do, and the experiment was carried out during the period from the 15th of September to the 30th of April in 2002. This study measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP, the mean value of the two measures) and total cholesterol (TC) and surveyed the subjects' diet and life style in relation to hypertension using a self-report questionnaire. In order to study the significance of the effects of self-care program, the author carried out t-test, paired t-test, ANCOVA, chi-square analysis and effectiveness index (EI) analysis. Results of the study are as follows: The experiment group got higher mean scores than the control group in the degree of low sodium intake and the degree of high calcium and high potassium intake, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The effectiveness index of the self-care program in smoking was 0.797 at the 1st posttest and 0.601 at the 2nd posttest, and in physical activities 0.600 at the 1st posttest and 0.849 at the 2nd posttest. The rate of regular antihypertensive drugs intake of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. and the effectiveness index of the self-care program was 0.715. The mean score of the systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In conclusion, these findings support usefulness of self-care programs in reducing systolic blood pressure and in promoting self-care related to diet and life style for treating and preventing hypertension.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

Purpose: To compare the outcome of patients who underwent rotator cuff repair using all-arthroscopic mini-open repair techniques. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 44 patients who underwent either arthroscopic (group I) or mini-open (group II) rotator cuff repair. 23 patients underwent an arthroscopic repair and 21 patients had a mini-open repair. The mean age was 50.4 years in the arthroscopic group and 56.7 years in the mini-open group. The outcomes for the 2 groups were evaluated using ROM, VAS, ASES, UCLA scale. Statistical analysis was performed using correlations, T-test, Paired T-test. The mean follow-up period in the arthroscopic and mini-open groups were 24.1months and 26.1months, respectively. Results: The group I (arthroscopic group) had 2 small-sized tears, 10 medium sized tears, and 11 large sized tears (3~5 cm). The group II (mini-open group) had 1 small sized tears, 8 medium sized tears, and 12 large sized tears. The mean cuff tear size of the group I and Group II were 3.8 cm and 4.2 cm, respectively. At last follow-up periods, ROM and functional scores were improved. In the group I and group II, there were no significant difference in ROM, VAS, ASES, UCLA score. Conclusion: The size of the tear did not produce different results at arthroscopic repair group but larger tear size was associated with a worse outcome in mini-open group. There were no significant clinical results between the arthroscopic and mini-open group.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.334-350
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• 2017

The purposes of this study are to develop scientific-inquiry based on STEAM education program and to investigate the effects of the program on middle-school students' interests, self-efficacy, and career choice about science, technology/engineering, and mathematics. In order to develop this program, the literature investigation and previous studies were conducted, so that finally the developmental direction was based on scientific inquiry and the developmental theme and model were selected. A total 92 first-graders in G middle-school of Daegu city were participated in this study. A single group pre-post test paired t-test was conducted to figure out changes of students' interest, self-efficacy, and career choices before or after applying this program. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 students to find their specific responses. The results of this study were as follows. First, STEAM education program on the theme of 'RC Airplane' was developed on the basis of the 'ADBA' model. Second, the developed STEAM educational program not only results a decisive difference statistically but also has significant effects on middle-school students' interests, self-efficacy, and career choice in science, technology/engineering, and mathematics, who are involved in the free-semester program, across the overall affective domain. In conclusion, the STEAM educational program in this study could affect significant meanings to middle-school students during the free-semester. It could contribute to facilitate middle-school students' education for happiness and to grow the creative STEAM talents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.122-139
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• 2017

The purposes of this study are to develop the STEAM program grounded on curriculum and to investigate educational effects of the developed program on students' attitude of science and science self-efficacy by application to elementary informal science education environment. In order to develop this program, the literature reviews were conducted and then STEAM education program based on the theme 'light' is developed. The developed program was revised and complemented through preliminary applications and consulting with experts, and applied to 65 students. A single group pre-post paired t-test was conducted through the students' attitude of science and science self-efficacy test. The semi-structure interviews were used to gather focused and additional data. The results of this study were as follows: firstly, STEAM education program was developed with the theme 'light' for elementary students in order to increase their interest related to real life. Secondly, the results indicated that the program was statistically significant on the attitude of science for the group of third and fourth graders. However, the effects of science self-efficacy did not appear a significant result for the third and fourth graders. They expressed one possible reason. The theme of light was not familiar with them because the theme was scheduled to teach in the second semester of the fourth graders. Some of students in this group did have a chance to learn the theme. Thirdly, the program was very effective for the fifth and sixth graders on their attitude of science and science self-efficacy. In conclusion, STEAM education program developed with the theme of light is contributed to elementary students' attitude of science in the informal science education. Students' learning experiences of relevant concepts can influence on students' science self-efficacy. It could be very important factor to consider students' grade level and previous learning experiences when the educational programs develop.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.480-489
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• 2017

Blood flow restriction(BFR) exercise is defined as low intensity and short term exercise using pneumatic pressure belts at the top of limbs, which affects the physiological functions of the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of walking exercise with BFR on inflammatory index, isokinetic muscle function, and thigh circumference in obese women. Eleven obese women(> BMI $25kg/m^2$ & > body fat 30%) wore pneumatic pressure belts on both femurs and performed walking exercise twice per day, 3 days/wk for 4 weeks (walking 2 min; resting 1 min). Data analysis was carried out using paired t-test. Body weight, BMI, and body fat significantly decreased after exercise(p<.05), and right thigh circumference significantly decreased(p<.05). The concentration of plasma IL-6 significantly increased(p<.05) after exercise. TNF-${\alpha}$ level was not statistically different but tended to slightly increase. CRP slightly decreased, although it did not reach statistical significance after exercise. Muscle strength significantly increased in the $60^{\circ}/sec$ of right/left side extension, left side flexion, and $180^{\circ}/sec$ of left side extension after training(p<.05). These results suggest that 4 weeks of blood flow restriction walking exercise has positive effects on inflammatory index and isokinetic muscle function. Therefore, we consider that blood flow restriction exercise can be used for treatment of obesity, related chronic diseases, and metabolic syndrome. Further, blood flow restriction exercise for a short time has similar effects as a high intensity resistance program.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 1994

Tc-99m MIBI, a lipophilic cation, was reported as a useful agent for localization of lung cancer. The effect of radiation therapy on the uptake of Tc-99m MIBI in lung cancer, however, was not well evaluated. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the usefulness of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT in the localization and the assessment of radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Twenty patients(19 males and 1 female, mean age 59, 16 squamous cell ca and 4 adenoca) were studied with Tc-99m MIBI SPECT before radiation therapy. Eleven patients(10 males and 1 female, mean age 59, 8 squamous cell ca and 3 adenoca) were repeated the study 1 month after the completion of radiation therapy(mean dose 6453cGy). All patients showed positive uptakes of Tc-99m MIBI in their tumors. One patient showed a hot uptake in atelectatic area. There was no difference of Tc-99m MIBI uptakes between squamous cell ca and adenoca either on planar or tomographic images. Tc-99m MIBI uptake ratios of squamous cell ca and adenoca were $1.50{\pm}0.16$ and $1.45{\pm}0.15$ on planar images, and $2.73{\pm}0.46$ and $2.54{\pm}0.37$ on tomographic images, respectively. The concordance between radiological change(chest x-ray and CT) and change of Tc-99m MIBI uptakes was 9/11 (81.8% ). In conclusion, Tc-99m MIBI SPECT was useful in the localization of tumor and the assessment of radiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.698-702
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• 2013

It is known that black sticky rice with giant embryo (BSRGB, Milyang 263) and giant embryo rice (GER) contains higher levels of GABA than rice. Therefore, feeding BSRGB, GER, or rice freely to C57BL/6 mice with two-hour alcohol intake for 16 days was investigated. For two-hour alcohol intake, a repeated measure ANOVA (three treatment groups repeated across 16 days; 8 two-day blocks) yielded a significant group by block interaction (df=16, F=3.109, p=0.004). The independent t-test showed that significant suppression of two-hour alcohol intake was observed when subjects were administered with BSRGB, compared with the rice alone across all the two-day blocks (p<0.05). The paired t-test revealed that a significant suppression of two-hour alcohol intake was observed starting 4 to 16 days after freely feeding with BSRGB compared to before feeding. However, there is no significant difference in the two-hour alcohol intake observed between the before and after administration of rice. A repeated measure ANOVA revealed no significant group by block interaction for 22-hour water intake and body weight. However, a repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant grouping by block interaction for food intake. These results indicate a change of two-hour alcohol intake is presumably caused by GABA, which is found in higher levels in BSRGB than in rice.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients with military service suitability issues compared to the general psychiatric outpatients. Methods : 108 patients who visited psychiatric clinic center due to military service suitability issues and 80 general psychiatric patients were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry of university hospital. ANCOVA and chi-equare test were used to examine differences between two groups. Furthermore, we utilized paired t-test to compare the scrore within military group depending on when they performed the psychological assessment. Results : There were no significant differences between military group and general outpatient group in WAIS-IV scores. However, military group scored remarkably higher than control group on validity scales, F-r and Fp-r whereas they scored lower on validity scale, K-r. Furthermore, military group showed significantly higher on BDI and MMPI-2-RF, EID, RCd, RC2, RC3, COG, HLP, SFD, NFC, STW, SAVE, SHY, DSF, NEGE-r, INTR-r. As a result of comparison within the military group following the periods of assessment, military group did not show the significant differences on the overall scales of MMPI-2-RF. Conclusions : The present study showed that military group tends to report their psychological distress more exaggeratedly. In addition, they had significantly elevated not only emotional distress such as depression and anxiety but interpersonal problem. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.