• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) rely on their upper limbs for body-lifting activity (BLA). While studies have examined the electromyography (EMG) and kinematics of the shoulder joints during BLA, no studies have considered foot position during BLA. Objects: This study compared the effects of different foot positions during BLA on the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion in individuals with SCI. Methods: The study enrolled 13 mens with motor-complete paraplegic SCI, ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) A or B. All subjects performed BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest and on the floor independently. Surface EMG was used to collect data from the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii. The peak plantar pressure was measured using pedar-X and the knee flexion angle with Image J. Borg's rating perceived exertion scale was used to measure the physical activity intensity level. The paired t-test was used to compare the shoulder muscle activities, peak plantar pressure, knee flexion angle, and rating perceived exertion between the two feet positions during BLA. Results: The activity of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and triceps brachii and rating perceived exertion decreased significantly and the peak plantar pressure and knee flexion angle increased significantly when performing BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest compared with on the floor (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals with SCI may perform BLA with the feet positioned on the wheelchair footrest for weight-relief lifting to decrease the shoulder muscle activities and the rating perceived exertion and to increase the peak plantar pressure and the knee flexion angle.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2007

Introduction: Although several types of calcium-phosphate coumpound have been frequently applied to osseous defects at maxillofacial area for many years, there is a controversy about its efficiency on bone conductivity comprared to xenograft bone substitute. Alloplastic carbonapatite has been introduced to improve disadvantages of hydroxyapatite and to mimic natural bone containing carbon elements. However, a preclinical study about its efficiency of osteoconductivity has not been reported. This study was performed to evaluate the early osteoconductive potential of synthetic carbonapatite with multiple pores relative to anorganic bovine xenograft. Materials and methods: Total 5 beagle dogs were used for maxillary augmentation model. The control (anorganic bovine xenograft) and experimental groups (synthetic carbonapatite) were randomly distributed in the mouth split design. After bone graft, all animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after surgery. Histological specimens with Masson Trichrome staining were made and histomorphometrically analysed with image analyser. The statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. Results: In both groups, all animals had no complications. The experimental group showed relatively much new bone formation around and along the bone substitutes, whereas it was clearly reduced in the control group. The ratios of new bone area to total area, to material area and to the residual area excluding materials were higher in the experimental group ($0.13{\pm}0.03,\;0.40{\pm}0.13,\;0.20{\pm}0.06$ respectively) than in the control group ($0.01{\pm}0.01,\;0.03{\pm}0.02,\;0.03{\pm}0.03$, respectively). And the differences between both groups were statistically significant (p<0.001, <0.01, <0.01, respectively), while the ratio of material area to total area in two groups was not significant. Conclusion: Carbonapatite showed a high osteoconductivity in the early stage of bone healing compared to bovine derived anorganic bone substitute. This study suggests that this bone materials can be applied as a reliable bone substitute in the clinical treatment.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

In recent years, Korean society has witnessed an increased interest in the observance of everyday life proprieties, building healthy families, and psychological well-being of family members. The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationships among the practice of everyday life proprieties, dynamics of family systems, and psychological well-being of Korean married couples. A self-report Questionnaire was used to collect data from married couples with a child over four-years-old who are currently residing in Seoul. 513 couples(1026 individuals) were used for the final data analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, Cronbach'α, Pearson correlation, paired t-test, factor analysis, and multiple regression. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the level of the practice of everyday life propriety was relatively high in both husbands and wives, and no significant gender difference was found in the level. Yet, there were some statistically significant differences in certain sub-dimensions. Wives showed a higher degree of performance in public decorum and social etiquette, whereas husbands exhibited a higher degree of performance in family decorum and communication manners. The family systems were highly dynamic, according to both husbands and wives, and there was no difference between husbands and wives. As for the sub-dimensions, the extent of communication was found to be higher among husbands than among wives. Psychological well-being was again relatively high for both husbands and wives, with husbands significantly higher than wives. Second, the findings indicate that the causal model did fit the data well, and that a myriad of background variables had direct and indirect impacts on psychological well-being, and these relationships were mediated by several variables in the sub-dimension of proprieties observance, family adaptability, and the degree of communication. The implication is that the practice of life propriety, an intervening variable, is crucial in improving psychological well-being of married couples. The findings of this research demonstrate that there are significant causal relationships among the practice of everyday life propriety, family systems dynamics, and psychological well-being. In addition, the observance of proprieties is shown to be a concept that can be used as an important predictor in the area of family resource management. Further research is needed to expand its focus on the practice of proprieties in the family resource management. More concrete and specialized family life education programs should be developed to help build healthy families. Lastly, the results indicate that proprieties education needs to be incorporated in family policies in order to promote the quality of family life.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2005

Background: Smoking effects are relatively well-documented, especially on cancers and cardiovascular diseases. However, the direction and magnitude of association between smoking and obesity remain unclear. Conflicting results so far are thought to stem from the multiple confounding structure of smoking and other obesogenic life style characteristics. Methods: Cotwin control study is a genomic epidemiology design, in which the other twin (=cotwin) serves as a control of the twin. Cotwin control study, discordant for smoking habits can provide powerful evidence of association between smoking and obesity by completely matching genomic information, intrauterine environment, and almost all environmental factors. We selected 3,697 like-sex twin pairs (2,762 male and 935 female pairs) out of 63,666 pairs of adult twins in the existing Korea Twin and Family Register, whose smoking habits are discordant. We used the information of obesity as body mass index (BMI, $kg/m^2$) blood pressure, and blood cholesterol level at the time or later than the smoking information. Paired t-test was done to compare the smoking effects. Results: Lifetime smoking rate was 80.1 % (47.9 current smoker) for men and 10% (1.7% current smoker) for women. Among 2,762 and 935 male and female like-sex twin pairs, 363 male pairs and 20 female pairs correspond to the definition of smoker-nonsmoker pair. The male smokers demonstrated increase in BMI by 0.47, while female smokers show slight decrease (by 0.13), which were not statistically significant. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol level were slightly increased among smokers by 1.85 mmHg, 0.62 mmHg, and 1.28 mg/dl for men. For women, the results show increase in diastolic blood pressure (3.42mmHg) and cholesterol level (1.25 mg/dl), and systolic pressure (8.17 mmHg). Conclusion: The results refute the possibility that smoking can reduce BMI. Considering the direct adverse effect of smoking, it should be emphasized that smoking do not decrease obesity and thus increase overall metabolic syndrome.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

The study was performed to investigate the effects of whey protein-rich meal substitute added with vitamins, minerals, and lactobacillus powder probiotics on weight loss, body fat, and body composition in 24 female volunteers for 4 weeks. Whey protein-rich meal substitute was consumed with low-fat, high calcium milk (1% fat, 260 mg/200 mL) twice a day. Subjects submitted 3-day diet records and a life-style questionnaire before the study. During the study, subjects were required to turn in a diet record every day and consume the meal substitute formula in the metabolic ward at C university for 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were carried out weekly by Inbody 7.0. The dietary intake and anthropometric data were analyzed to compare changes before and after the study by paired t-test with SPSS version 23.0. The subjects were mostly early 20's and either overweight or obese and highly motivated to lose weight. Most of the subjects consumed three meals per day regularly and spent mostly 10~15 minutes for a meal. Their caloric intake was relatively low and decreased from 1,360 kcal at week 0 to 1,100 kcal after 4 weeks. However, total protein intake increased while carbohydrate and fat intakes decreased (p<0.05) after the trial. Nine vitamin intakes after the study improved compared to those before the study (p<0.05). After the study, subjects showed lower body weight (-1.8 kg), body fat (-0.94 kg), percent body fat (-0.86%), as well as waist circumference (-4.52 cm), hip circumference (-0.44 cm), waist hip ratio (-0.05), and triceps skinfold thickness (-2.39 mm) compared to those at week 0 (p<0.05). Muscle mass tended to be less compared to week 0, although there was no significant differences between weeks 0 and 4. In conclusion, diet trial with whey protein-rich meal substitute induced weight loss and positively changed body fat parameters and body composition.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.22-36
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• 1997

Functional recovery of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients were studied by examining functional independence measure (FIM) to evaluate the functional state of the patients at admission to and at discharge from the hospital and its relationship with the family support. Study subjects consisted of 129 CVA patients, who were admitted and received rehabilitation treatment at K Medical Center of Oriental Medicine from August 3 to December 18, 1997. The results were as follows: 1) Total FIM score was $72.37{\pm}25.16$ at admission and $101.67{\pm}22.13$ at discharge. The difference of average score was 29.30, which was statistically significant by paired t-test. 2) The largest difference between FIM scores at admission and at clischarge was observed in items of walking and wheel-chair riding, and the smallest clifference in items of social interaction. 3) The recovery was faster with motor function than with cognitive function, because the difference of FIM scores at admission and at discharge was much larger with motor function. 4) Recovery was better in groups under age 49 than in groups above age 70. Functional recorvery was prominent especially in groups with normal sensory state and speech functions, and groups without urinary incontinence. Recovery was less significantly in patients with paraplegic patients hospitalized longer than 2 months, patients with family all the time, and patients with CVA over 11 days. 5) We could not find any relationship between functional recovery and family support. FIM scores were lower in groups of old age(r=-0.325), long stayed in hospital (r=-0.426), and long period of time after the onset of disease(r= -0.339) with a reciprocal correlation between FIM scores and these parameters. 6) Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done to evaluate factors to affect the recovery from CVA. FIM score at admission could explain 51.2 % of the functional recovery. Important factors were periods of hospitalization, state of sensory function, age, and education (listed in decreasing order of importance). In total, they could explain 64.89% of the functional recovery. These results indicate that functional recovery of CVA patients, who were admitted to oriental medicine hospital for rehabilitation treatment, could be estimated by measuring FIM scores. Recovery was significantly better at discharge from the hospital than at admission and motor function recovery rate was much faster than that of cognitive function. 2. Recommendation Based on these results, we recommend following further studies. 1) Comparative study of recovery of motor function and of sensory function would be necessary by measuring FIM scores once a week to evaluate the recovery of CVA patients. 2) It would be interesting to see whether there is any difference of functional recovery between patients treated with either western medicine or oriental medicine. 3) Psychological factors affecting the recovery of CVA patients need to be studied.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2015

Although fasting programs have recently attracted close attention because of benefits of detoxification, few studies have examined these programs. This study investigates the effects of a modified juice-based fasting program on lipid metabolism. A total of 33 volunteers fasted for 10 days and participated in program lectures, exercise programs, water bath regimens, and enemas. Pre- and post-program blood samples were obtained to evaluate lipoprotein levels. A paired t-test was conducted using SPSS 18.0. Changes in the lipid profile were observed during the juice-based fasting program and attending 3 degrees. All lipid profiles decreased significantly, including total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.001), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.05). Program participation was documented by assessing attendance levels as high, moderate, and low. TC decreased significantly in all programs and levels (p<0.05), TG decreased proportionally only in enemas according to the attending degree: high (48 %), moderate (20 %), and low (10 %). HDL-C decreased at all low levels, but moderate exercise ($53.8{\pm}12.5mg/dL$ to $55.6{\pm}10.2mg/dL$) and a high enema ($54.9{\pm}14.1mg/dL$ to $55.0{\pm}9.4mg/dL$) showed small increases. The antioxidant property of the juice-based fasting program in terms of the blood vessel, enemas, and exercise played an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease from increased levels of HDL-C. These results suggest that juice-based fasting and combined lifestyle programs may help improve lipid metabolism and protect against dyslipidemia.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.133-152
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 원산지가 소비자의 제품 선호도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고 이를 소비자의 정보처리 관점에서 상표원산지와 생산원산지 정보의 일치성(congruity)으로 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 상표는 같지만 국가를 달리한 제품을 사진으로 나타낸 실험자극을 개발하여 응답자에게 제시하고 제품의 선호도를 측정하였다. 제품은 관여도, 이성-감성, 사적-공적 개념 특성을 반영하여 녹음기, 스포츠화, 화장품, 휴지를 선정하였으며, 원산지로는 선진국(미국, 일본, 프랑스), 한국, 후진국(말레이시아)를 선정하였다. 원산지간 선호도 차이를 분석하기 위하여 다변량 반복측정방법을 선택하였으며, 두 제품간의 선호도 차이를 위하여 paired-t 검증이 사용되었다. 실증분석 결과 저관여이면서 사적 제품으로 판단되는 휴지를 제외하고 모든 제품에서 선진국 상표와 제품이 선호되었다. 즉, 다양한 제품특성을 반영한 제품군에서 원산지 효과가 있음을 보여 주었다. 그리고 제품선호도에서 상표원산지와 생산원산지 간에 정보 일치성(congruity)에 차이가 있는 지를 규명하였는데 상표원산지와 생산원산지간에 정보일치성이 있는 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비하여 보다 선호성이 높은 것으로 나타나 원산지의 정보 일치성이 제품선호도에 있어 중요한 영향요인임을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 다양한 제품특성의 반영과 정보 일치성으로 원산지효과를 이해하게 하는 데 기여하여 원산지효과의 일반화 가능성을 높여 줄 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.283-298
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• 2008

본 연구는 악교정수술을 받은 골격성 III급 부정교합자의 치료 전, 후의 하악치열궁 변화를 관찰하고, 이들이 초진 시의 측모두부방사선 규격사진 및 석고모형과 어떠한 상관성을 가지고 있는지를 알아보기 위해 골격성 III급 부정교합자로 진단받은 31명(남자 14명, 여자 17명, 평균 $21.8\;{\pm}\;3.3$세)을 대상으로 치료 전, 악교정수술 전, 악교정수술 후 채득한 측모두부방사선 규격사진과 치료 전, 후의 석고모형을 계측하여 상관분석과 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 Mn-LMMC, Mn-LIE, Mn-MnOcc는 술전교정치료에 의한 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 치료 전의 계측치와 치료 후 변화된 계측치와의 상관관계에서는 치열궁공간부족(ALD)은 ICW, IPW1의 변화량과 순상관관계(r = 0.492, 0.615)를 보였으며, 치열궁장경(arch length)의 변화량과도 순상관관계(r = 0.641)를 보였다. 그러나 Spee 만곡은 전치부치축 각도 변화와 치열궁 폭경 및 장경 등 각각의 변화량과는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 이를 이용하여 회귀분석을 시행한 결과, 술전교정 후 Arch length, IPW1의 변화량은 치료 전의 계측치로 각각 64.0%, 75.8%를 설명할 수 있었다. 이상의 연구에서 골격성 III급 부정교합자의 치료 전, 후의 변화량과 치료 전 측모두부방사선 규격사진 및 석고모형 간에 관련성이 있었고 악교정수술을 동반한 교정치료 계획을 수립할 때 술전교정치료의 목표 설정과 악교정수술 결과의 예측에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2016

이번 연구에서는 근로자들의 구강건강증진 및 구강질환 예방을 도모하고, 구강건강에 대한 관심을 증가시키며, 근로자 구강보건사업의 지지 및 참여를 높이고자 산업간호사를 대상으로 한 구강보건교육 프로그램을 개발 및 수행하여 교육 전 후의 구강보건지식 및 태도수준을 비교하여 평가함으로써 근로자 구강보건교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 산업간호사를 대상으로 구강보건교육을 실시한 후, 교육 전 후 자가인지 구강건강수준 및 구강건강관리법에 대한 인지 및 권장수준의 변화를 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산업간호사를 대상으로 한 구강보건교육의 시행 후, 자가인지 구강건강수준과 구강건강관심도는 교육 시행 전에 비해 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 치실 혹은 치간솔 사용, 법정 구강검진을 포함한 정기검진, 정기적인 치면세마를 포함한 치주병 예방법에 대한 인지수준이 교육 전에 비해 모두 유의하게 향상되었고, 구강질병 예방 및 구강건강증진을 위한 구강건강관리법에 대한 권장수준도 교육 전에 비해 매우 유의하게 향상되었다. 이와 연관된 요인을 확인해 본 결과, 구강건강관심도가 낮을수록 치주병 예방법별 인지수준과 구강건강관리법별 권장수준의 향상 정도가 모든 항목에서 크게 나타났다. 산업간호사의 근로자 구강건강증진 프로그램에 대한 의견을 듣고자 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 근로자를 위한 구강건강증진 프로그램을 수행하는 데 필요한 항목으로는 구강보건교육 전후 모두 '산업간호사에 대한 구강보건교육'이 1순위로 나타났다. 그러므로, 근로자들의 구강건강증진을 도모하기 위하여 산업구강보건의 중요한 협력자인 산업간호사를 대상으로 하는 지속적인 구강보건교육 시행이 필요하고, 이러한 교육을 통해 산업간호사의 구강보건지식 및 태도가 향상된다면, 앞으로 근로자 구강보건사업을 계획하고 수행하는 데 있어 산업간호사의 지지와 참여를 효율적으로 이끌어낼 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.