• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is to arrange the literature about acupuncture therapy on the hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula. Methods : We arrange Huang Di Nei Jing and fifteen kinds of literature about the hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula. Results : 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool(const-ipation or diarrhea), uncontrol sexual excess or abstinence, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, fire, chronical hemorrhoids that has not been treated, and general weakness. 2. Symptom of hemorrhoids is that skin is projected form the nine holes or varicose extension to become hemorrhoid. Hemorrhoids is small nodosity that projected on the anal inter or outer region, and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula is pus which comes out form one or some fistula on the anal around inter and outer region. 3. Therapy method of hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are elimination pathological heat from blood, promote blood flow to remove blood stasis, cold in nature and purge away fire, remove heat form the blood, promote blood flow to remove blood stasis, cold in nature and purge away fire, remove heat from the blood and eliminate dampness, tonify the spleen and replenish Ki, dispel wind and alleviate pain and so forth. Therapy method of hemorrhoid is to give the first consideration to relieve blood: eliminating pathological heat form blood complicated by anal fistula is to tonify the blood first, than after that eliminating pathological heat form blood. About external method are method of fumigation, method of ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method and also operation(injection, bind etc.)was used for treatment. 4. The prescription are Gurgak-hwan, Wypi-hwan, Gunggyi-tang, Jingyochangchul-tang, Jingyobangpung-tang, Mokhyangbinrang-hwan, Ochi-san, Gamihyanso-san, Jojang-hwan, Sinyung-hwan used frequently. 5. food taboo on patient's diet of the hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are raw grain, cold or dampness food, alcohol, hot food, Singiberis rhizoma recens, Cinnamomi ramulus. 6. Acupuncture therapy on the hemorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are, in the first stage eliminating pathological heat form blood and eliminate dampness, and in the long term eliminate dampness, promote and remove meridian energy, remove that form the intestines, dispel channels and collaterals. 7. Acupuncture points at B2, CV1, B58, B36, B56, Sp5, S30, B25, B54, GV1, GV20, L6, B40 used frequently for the acupuncture therapy, and acupuncture point at GV4, GV1, B30, hemorrhoidal point used form moxibustion. Reduction blood at B40 and blue capillary of Sp9 and acupuncture Chungbaek, Ki-gack, Ki-jung, Ki-mun(Dongsh Kihyel) makes the treatment very effective.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2013

A painful pseudoarthrosis will develop due to a delay in diagnosis and treatment, and surgical care is required. Treatment of pseudoarthrosis is really difficult because the acromion is a thin flat bone that is difficult to be fixed firmly. A 52-year-old woman with multiple trauma had an acromial fracture that was not detected until it had caused pain after ambulation. Open reduction and internal fixation with a variable angle locking compression plate for distal radius and autogenous iliac bone graft were performed. At nine months after the operation, there was partial tear in the supraspinatus tendon, and arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus tendon was performed. At nine months after the operation, radiographs showed a complete union. At three months after tendon repair, the patient had excellent function of the shoulder. We have reported a case of a successful treatment of nonunion and pseudoarthrosis of acromial fracture that is difficult to be fixed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

In an intra-alveolar root fracture (IARF) of a primary tooth with severe mobility and displacement, extraction and periodic-follow-up is the choice of recommended treatments because of the fear of aspiration of the mobile tooth and the possibility of damage in the permanent succeeding tooth. However, repositioning and splinting are presented as a fresh proposal recently. In case of extracting a primary incisor, many problems occur; esthetic problems; functional problems such as pronunciation and mastication; space loss; and psychological and social problems. Therefore, the best treatment is conservation of the primary tooth. The aim of this report was to suggest the conservative treatment of an Intra-alveolar root fracture of the primary central incisors with severe mobility and displacement based on two cases that describe the diagnoses, treatments and follow-ups (mean period: 27-month). All cases have been treated by reduction and immobilization by resin wire splint (RWS) (mean period: 6-week). Both cases were followed up until the successors were erupted. There have been no complications such as pain, pulp necrosis, periapical lesion, displacement of permanent tooth germ, eruption disturbance and etc.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.319-323
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• 2011

Curcumin, of which a critical characteristic is the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier, has been reported to induce the expression of neuroprotective heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The aim of this study is to compare HO-1-inducing capacity and neuroprotective activity of curcumin, its demethoxy (demethoxycurcumin, DMC; bis-demethoxycurcumin, BDMC) and hydrogenated derivatives (tetrahydrocurcumin, THC) in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Curcumin attenuated glutamate-induced cell death through HO-1 expression. DMC lacking a methoxy group on one of the aromatic rings possessed slightly lower activity in HO-1 expression and neuroprotection than curcumin. Similarly, BDMC, which lacks two methoxy groups on both of the aromatic rings, showed less activity than curcumin. These findings suggest that the presence of methoxy groups on the aromatic ring is required to enhance neuroprotective HO-1 expression. The reduction of the diarylheptadienone chain of curcumin by hydrogen, as in THC, was accompanied by a complete loss of ability to induce HO-1 expression and neuroprotection, suggesting that the conjugated double bonds of the central seven-carbon chain of curcumin may be essential for its ability to induce neuroprotective HO-1 expression. Our findings may provide useful information for further development of neuroprotective HO-1 inducers.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to identify the musculotendinous problems and contributing factors to those problems In students majoring in musical instruments in Korea. The data were collected from March 2, 1996 to March 31, 1996 from 261 music students in various geographical areas. The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square using SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In a questionnaire survey of 261 music students, one hundred twenty five(47.9%) reported having had various musculotendinous symptoms. Twenty seven students among the those who had previous symptoms(21.9%) reported the present symptoms. 2. The experience rates of musculotendinous problems in keyboard players, string players and woodwind players were 50.3%, 48.2%, 33.3% respectively. 3. Most of the students practiced most intensively during their high school years and the musculotendinous symptoms began at the same period. 4. Pain, tenderness and stiffness were the most common symptoms, while paresthesia and motor dysfunction were rare. This indicates that most players had muscle tendinous overuse, while small number had nerve entrapment and motor dysfunction. 5. In past and present symptoms, string players experienced musculotendinous symptoms mainly in both sides of shoulders, lumbar area, left finger, and left wrist, while keyboard players experienced more symptoms in the right wrist, shoulder, fingers than left side. 6. The major contributing factors to the symptoms were weight of instrument, types of instruments, types of daily activities, duration of practice, and playing technique. 7 The most frequent treatment modalities for the symptoms were acupuncture or moxibustion, other alternative therapy such as heat compress and massage. Through this study it was found that the musculotendinous problems might be increased along with their career, due to lack of knowledge about preventive measures and patterns of health behavior seeking alternative modalities rather than professional consultation. Therefore, preventive measures that focus on playing habits such as duration of practice, frequency of rest and position while playing should be developed and taught to the students, their parents, and music educators. Doctors who are interested in this area should attempt to correct the position and posture while playing of the posture. And measures for reduction of loading of instrument weight should also be developed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.220-226
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• 2007

Purpose: The distal clavicle has a biomechanical structure different from that of the proximal or middle 1/3 clavicle, and delayed union or nonunion occurs frequently in a distal clavicle fracture. The authors obtained favorable results from an open reduction and bone grafting of the distal clavicle nonunion. We report the results together with review of the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 8 patients(average age, 38.9) who had undergone surgery for distal clavicle nonunion from August 2003 to May 2006. Nonunion occurred after surgical treatment in 4 cases, and after conservative treatment in the other 4. In all cases, the patients complained of pain. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 14 months, and radiological union was observed in 8 weeks on average. In all cases, the range of shoulder joint motion was normal at the end of the follow-up observation. In the functional evaluation, 7 cases showed excellent results and 1 case showed good results. Conclusion: Surgical treatment is a safe and reliable treatment for distal clavicle fracture nonunion because it can achieve early rehabilitation and union.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.6 s.275
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• pp.455-458
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• 2007

A 40 year-old male patient admitted for dyspnea and edema of the lower extremities. A pulsatile abdominal mass with a bruit was palpable in the right lower quadrant. Four months previously, he had underwent left partial lam-inectomy ($L4{\sim}5$) and discectomy at the L4 level due to disc protrusion, Computed tomography showed an ilio-iliac AV fistula with pseudoaneurysm at the L5 level. Because massive bleeding occurred when the aneurysm was entered, we closed the aneurysm and performed resection and suture of the aorta and both iliac arteries very near the aneurysm. After exclusion of the arterial side, we performed reduction angioplasty at the aneurysm and aorto-biiliac reconstruction with an artifcial graft. Twenty-four months after operation, he is doing well and hasn't had any complications on the follow-up.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.677-685
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• 2021

Cannabis sativa L. belongs to the Cannabaceae family and is an annual herbaceous flowing plant. The plants can be classified into narcotic marijuana and nonnarcotic hemp. Different parts of C. sativa L. have been used as food, medicine, cosmetics, fiber and textile. However, the use of leaf, flower, and seed of C. sativa L was forbidden in Korea in January 1977 as a result of the Cannabis Control Act due to the narcotic properties. The plant's mature stems have limited uses for the production of fiber and sheets. Recently, various cannabinoids, terpenes and essential fatty acids were identified from C. sativa L., and their safety and useful bio-activities, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammation, antithrombosis, antiepileptic, and antimicrobial activities, and the relief of pain, have been highlighted. Furthermore, the process of reduction of tetrahydrocannabinol, a representative narcotic compound, and the isolation of cannabidiol, a nonnarcotic active compound in C. sativa L., have been determined. These findings resulted in the legalization of C. sativa L. in Korea for medical use in December 2018 and the exclusion of C. sativa L. from the narcotic list of the UN Commission on Narcotics Drugs (UNCND) in December 2020. Therefore, developments of various high-value added products have commenced worldwide. Additionally, in 2021, the Korean government deregulated special zones based on hemp. In this study, the current status and the prospect of the hemp industry, as well as essential techniques for developing new hemp products, are provided for the activation of the Korea Green-Rush.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.15-33
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• 2019

Objectives The objective of this study is to provide the evidence of the effectivness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. Methods 2 Korean medical on-line databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Traditional Knowledge), and 3 foreign databases (Pubmed, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched to find articles concerning herbal medicine for frozen shoulder. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Several repeated articles and those not relevant to the topic were excluded, as well as review articles and commentaries. The methodological quality of RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analyes were perfomed. Results Total 474 studies were founded and 22 RCTs were selected for systematic review. Efficiency rate was used as the primary evaluation method. Almost studies reported that herbal medicine has significant effect on pain reduction, increasing shoulder function on frozen shoulder. 3 studies comparing herbal medicine and chuna with chuna and 3 studies comparing herbal medicine with ibuprofen were included in the meta-analysis. At herbal medicine and chuna with chuna meta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.27, p<0.0001). At herbal medicine with ibuprofen medta-analysis, it showed positive results of herbal medicine for efficiency rate (risk ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.27, p=0.003). Conclusions The studies showed that herbal medicine can significantly effective on frozen shoulder. However, the risk of bias in RCTs were evaluated as uncertain. In the future, further well-designed RCTs are needed to prove the effectiveness of herbal medicine for frozen shoulder and reduce the risk of bias.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2019

Do animals have a mind? Our understanding about whether animals have minds depends on our relationship with animals, as we cannot determine animals' actual minds. These two studies presented here thus examined the meat paradox, that is, an inconsistency between love for animals and the act of enjoying eating meat in the context of mind perception. Study 1 examined whether mind perceptions toward various animals are classified on the basis of experience-related capacities, such as feeling pain, and agency-related capacities, such as having self-control. In Study 2, mind perceptions toward cows and sexually objectified women were classified on the basis of food condition and non-food condition. In the food condition (experimental condition), cows were portrayed as products for meat consumption, whereas in the control condition, they were described as animals living on a farm, eating grass. The results of Study 2 demonstrated revealed that mind perception was positively associated with how morally incorrect it was to eat animals. Study 2 thus demonstrated that the scores of mind perception toward cows and sexually objectified women in the experimental condition were significantly lower than those in the control condition. These reduced mind attribution in the experimental condition implied that people may be motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance between their attitudes toward animals, such as loving them, and their behaviors, such as, eating meat. In addition, these results suggest that objectification toward animals may impact the objectification and mind perception toward human beings as well. These findings highlight the role of dissonance reduction in the meat paradox and objectification theory so as to understand basic psychological processes involved while making moral choices in everyday life.