• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Purpose: The data was performed to evaluate the effect of conservative treatment in 30 patients aging from 21 to 71 with lumbar back pain. Methods: The effect of conservative treatment was analyzed with use of pain behavior scale, pain self assessment scale by Million Index in according to age, occupation, duration of symptom, symptom. Results: The occupation were desking job 43.4%, standing job 33.3%, house wife 23.3%. Duration of symptoms in over 2-5 months was 40.0%. The pain in below 1 months, classified by duration of symptoms, was reduced from 2.1 to 3.0 in pain behavior scale, 6.0 to 2.2 in pain self assessment scale(p<0.05). The pain in only lumbar back pain, classified by symptoms, was reduced from 2.0 to 3.0 in pain behavior scale, 6.6 to 2.4 in pain self assessment scale(p<0.05). Conclusion: The pain in over 9 months. classified by duration of physical therapy, was increase 2.0 in pain behavior scale, 4.0 in pain self assessment scale (p<0.05).

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2008

Purpose: We defined osteoarthritis of the knee as knee pain and crepitus in over 40 years old. The usual clinical manifestation include pain, stiffness, crepitus and loss of function. Methods: We studied 40 cases of the degenerative arthritis of knee clinically. The body mass index(BMI, weight(kg)/height($m^2$) was used as a measure of obesity. Pain self assessment scale by Million Index in according to age, occupation, BMI. Results: Gender by pain self assessment scale was 6.5 in male and 6.6 in female(P<0.05). The prevalence rates obese was 40%. Occupation by pain self assessment scale was 7.0 in Sitting and 5.7 in Standing(P<0.05). Prevalence was increased with age by pain self assessment scale in aged 40-69 years. Conclusion: It has been known that the obesity is one of the predispsing factors of the primary degenerative arthritis of knee. A flexion weight bearing view of the knee obtained at $30^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ of the joint flexion may be more sensitive in assessing damages to hyaline cartilage because the knee flexion is an important component of the stance phase.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.25-46
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• 2000

통증은 환자들로 하여금 내원하게 하는 주된 증상중의 하나로, 치료방법의 선택 및 효과 판정을 위해서는 적절한 평가가 필요하다. 통증은 실험적인 방법과 임상적인 방법에 의해 측정될 수 있는데, 통증의 주관적인 성격상 임상적인 방법이 일반적으로 사용된다. 통증의 임상적측정법은 일차원적측정법과 다차원적측정법으로 대별할 수 있는데, 일차원적 측정법으로는 시각적상사척도(Visual Analogue Scale), 구술적평정척도(Verbal Rating Scale), 수치평정척도(Numerical Rating Scale), 통증표정척도(Pain Faces Scale), 그리고 포커칩 도구(Poker Chip Tool)등이 있고, 다차원적 측정법으로는 McGill 동통질문서(McGill Pain Questionnaire), 다면적인성검사(MMPI), 통증행동척도(Pain Behavior Scale), 통증장애지표(Pain Disability Index), 그리고 통증평정척도(Pain Raing Scale)등이 있다. 일차원적 측정법은 주로 환자의 자가통증평가법에 기초하여 통증의 강도를 측정하는데, 측정방법의 단순함과 신속성으로 인해 급성통증을 평가하는데 주로 사용된다. 다차원적인 측정법은 통증의 주관적, 정신적 그리고 행동적인 면을 측정하는데, 측정방법이 포괄적이고 신뢰성이 있어서 만성통증을 측정하는데 사용된다. 환자의 언어와 인지능력은 정확한 통증을 평가하는데 장애가 되는 주된 요인이다. 통증에 따른 행동반응이나 생체반응은 환자의 통증을 완전히 대변하지 못하지만 이러한 상황에 있어 유용한 통증평가지표가 될 수 있다. 통증평가법을 결정할 때에는 먼저 측정하려고 하는 통증의 성격을 고려하여 어떠한 면을 측정할 것인가를 결정해야하며 아울러 환자의 언어와 인지능력을 고려해야 한다. 적절한 평가법의 선택은 환자의 진단과 치료에 있어 유효한 결론에 이르게 하는 중요한 과정이다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the long-term effects of the self-help program for arthritis patients. The subjects were 126 patients who have participated in the 6-week self-help program from 1997 to 2000, agreed to participate in this study by telephone interview and responded the mailed questionnaires. The measurement tools of this study were all self-reported questionnaires such as Numerical Pain Rating Scale, the number of pain sites, Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire, Numerical Fatigue Rating Scale, CES-D depression scale, Self-efficacy scale, Social support scale. The repeated measure ANOVA revealed the significant differences among the pre post follow-up pain and fatigue. Whileas there were no significant differences the pre post follow-up pain site and physical functioning. And there were also no significant differences the pain, pain site, fatigue and physical functioning among three groups according to the duration of follow-up. These results suggested that the follow-up program after the self-help program was completed would be helpful for the physical wellbeing of arthritis patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2022

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a skin-sensitive condition/disease that causes severe pain in the facial area predominantly innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. A 51-year-old man diagnosed with glossopharyngeal neuralgia who was hospitalized with severe pain that limited his daily life activities. From November 18, 2021, to March 4, 2022, he received inpatient (10 days) and outpatient treatment (35 times) using acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine. His symptoms were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, Neuropathic Pain Scale, and the Self-report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptom and Signs. The pain reduced after 4 days of initiating Korean medicine treatment and was completely resolved within 4 months of treatment (Numerical Rating Scale score 4 to 0; Neuropathic Pain Scale score 49 to 8; Self-report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs score 18 to 0). Korean medicine treatment could be an option for treating patients with neuropathy who rely on analgesics.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.548-553
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• 2007

In general, cancer pain is neither fully recognized nor adequately treated. The inadequate pain control is due to failure of accurate assessment of cancer pain. This study was aimed to understand various characters of cancer pain and investigate available assessment scales which have been designed for, or frequently used with people with cancer pain. A total of 23 articles were selected from two different databases. The selected articles were analyzed according to three aspects of initial assessment, patient self-report and assessment of the outcomes of pain management. The characters of cancer pain is complex and includes physical, psychosocial, and spiritual dimension. Also, subjective pain can be classified into at least four specific factors, such as pain intensity, pain affect, pain relief, and pain quality. Based on various classification, the pain assessment scales can be divided into unidimensional or multidimensional. Among the more commonly used clinical tools are numeric rating scales, verbal rating scales, visual analog scales, and picture scales. Above all, in order to assess cancer pain objectively, the clinician must select appropriate assessment instruments which reflect pain definition and clinical purpose.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate nursing students' knowledge, experience and self-efficacy regarding children's pain management. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. The participants in this study were 167 senior nursing students who understood purpose of this study and accepted to participate in. The Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitude Survey regarding Pain (PNKAS) was used to measure knowledge toward children's pain management. Data were collected from December 15 to December 30, 2012. Results: The overall percentage of correct answer was 56%. The pain assessment scale and non-pharmacological pain intervention which senior nursing students used in most were face pain rating scale (94.6%, n=158/167) and emotional support (93.4%, n=156/167). Significant differences were found in self-efficacy scores between above-average group of knowledge score. Conclusion: This study showed that undergraduate nursing students had a lack of knowledge for children's pain management. There is a need for more detailed educational program in the area of children's pain management.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2008

The self-report measure is a useful tool for evaluating self-recognized disability and difficulty in daily living activities. Although many studies and clinics used the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) for measuring neck pain and functional impairment, there has not been much adaptation of this for use with Korean patients. The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of NPDS among Korean neck pain patients. Fifty-five subjects (32 males, 23 females) with neck pain enrolled in this study. They completed standardized self-administered questionnaires. The NPDS measures pain intensity; its interference with vocational, emotional, recreational, social, and functional aspects of living; and the presence and extent of associated factors. Reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NPDS scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. The test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NPDS was good ICC (2,1)=.86 (95%CI .76~.92). Cronbach's alpha value for NPDS was found to be .93, and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficient was .79 (p<.Oll. We conclude that the Korean version of NPDS has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain. Successful linguistic and cultural translation will admit appropriate cross-cultural comparison for clinical analysis. Therefore, this study can be expected to be used as an adequate evaluation scale for neck pain related studies and treatments.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2012

연구목적 : 흉통을 호소하여 방문한 환자를 대상으로 우울, 불안, 자존감, 그리고 삶의 질 을 조사하고, 전형적 흉통과 비전형적 흉통에 따른 차이를 비교하였다. 방 법 : 39명의 흉통 환자와 40명의 대조군을 대상으로 하였으며, 순환기 내과 전문의의 문진과 심장 전산화 단층촬영, 답차운동부하검사, 관상동맥조영술 등을 시행하여 전형적 흉통과 비전형적 흉통을 감별하였다. 우울, 불안, 자존감, 그리고 삶의 질을 평가하기 위해 BDI(Beck's Depression scale), STAI(State trait anxiety inven-tory), RSES(Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale), SBQOL(SmithKlein Beecham Quality of Life Scale)를 적용하였다. 결 과 : 심질환의 위험인자는 가족력을 제외하고는 전형적 흉통군, 비전형적 흉통군, 그리고 대조군 간에 차이가 없었다. 우울은 대조군에 비해 두 가지 흉통군 모두에 더 높았으나 흉통군 간에는 차이가 없었다. 불안은 대조군에 비해 두 가지 흉통군 모두에서 더 높았고, 전형적 흉통군에 비해 비전형적 흉통군에서 더 높았다. 자존감과 삶의 질은 대조군과 전형적 흉통군에 비해 비전형적 흉통군에서 더 낮았다. 결 론 : 흉통환자에서 불안과 우울에 대한 평가와 개입이 필요하며, 특히 비전형적 흉통환자에서는 자존감과 삶의 질 저하에 대한 접근도 병행이 되어야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 만성요통을 가진 여성 노인의 자기 효능감과 건강행위를 파악하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 2012년 1월부터 10월까지 G도에 있는 종합병원 정형외과 및 신경외과 병동에 요추 및 천추의 척추질환을 진단받고 6개월 이상 요통을 경험하고 요통치료를 받기 위해 입원한 65세 이상의 여성 노인 환자 130명을 대상으로 자기 효능감과 건강행위간의 관계를 분석하기 위해 상관관계분석 방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 자기효능감과 건강 행위간에는 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 만성 요통을 가진 여성 노인 대상자의 자기 효능감 및 건강행위는 서로 관련이 있다는 것을 확인하였다(r=.80, p<.001). 본 연구 결과를 통하여 만성요통을 가진 여성 노인의 건강행위 증진을 위해 자기효능감을 강화시키는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 만성 요통을 가진 여성 노인의 간호시 자기 효능감을 증진시키고, 건강 행위에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 융복합적 전략이 고려되어야 한다.