• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to find out the effect analysis of conservative treatment in of lumbar intervertebral disc. The data was performed to evaluate the effect of conservative treatment in 50 patients aging from 20 to 67 with lumbar intervertebral disc patients. Changes in low back pain score were evaluated by age, occupation, duration of symptoms, marital status, education period, self assessment. Duration of symptoms in over 7 months was 62.0%. 8.6 scores of complete recovery was changes in low back pain score of self assessment patients. In the multiple regression of risk factors to changes in low back pain score were correlated with age, education period, marital status, duration of symptoms(p<0.05). All patients were assessed by the low back pain protocol which was composed of symptom, clinical sign and activities of daily living scales before and after the treatment. Poor result could be predicted after the nonoperative treatment in the patient groups of changes low back pain score decreased with aging, duration of symptom over 7 months.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Objective : This study was done for reporting the effect of $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method to $Ryodoraku$ on the patients with chronic low back pain Methods : We investigated 49 cases of patients with chronic low back pain, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by needling with $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method, and did the other group by needling without $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method. And we analyzed the $Ryodoraku$ score (F4). Results : 1. In $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group and non-$Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group, compared with baseline, at final, $Ryodoraku$ score (F4) was significantly increased. 2. At final, $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group showed significant increase on $Ryodoraku$ score (F4) score compared with non-$Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group. Conclusions : $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method showed significant improvement in $Ryodoraku$ score (F4) on chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku score accoding to Sasang constitution in the low back pain patients. Methods : For Roydoraku score examination, we made a comparison between 44 patients who were diagnosticated to low back pain(LBP group) and 35 persons who were not(non-LBP group). 1. We campared the variation from physiologic range of 12 Roydoraku points between LBP and non-LBP group. 2. We campared the variation from physiologic range of 12 Roydoraku points according to Sasang constitution between LBP and non-LBP group. 3. We campared the variation from physiologic range of 12 Roydoraku points according to Sasang constitution in LBP and non-LBP group. Results : 1. The score of H2 H5 F5 had statistical differences. 2. The score of H3 H5 F5 had statistical differences in Soeumin. 3. The score of H3 F4 had statistical differences in LBP gorup. Conclusions : These results suggest that roydoraku maybe used to evaluate low back pain patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.124-131
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• 2021

Background: Sciatic nerve injury due to intramuscular injection (SNIII) is still a health problem. This study aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between neuropathic pain and electrodiagnostic findings in SNIII. Methods: Patients whose clinical and electrodiagnostic findings were compatible with SNIII participated in this retrospective cohort study. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes of the sural, superficial peroneal, peroneal, and tibial nerves were graded from 1 to 4. Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs scale (LANSS) was applied to all patients. Results: Forty-eight patients were included in the study, 67% of whom had a LANSS score ≥ 12. Sural SNAP amplitude abnormalities were present in 8 (50%) out of 16 patients with a LANSS score < 12, and 28 (87.5%) out of 32 patients with a LANSS score ≥ 12, with significant differences between the groups (P = 0.011). There was a positive correlation between the LANSS score and the sural SNAP amplitude grading (P = 0.001, r = 0.476). A similar positive correlation was also found in the LANSS score and the tibial nerve CMAP amplitude grading (P = 0.004, r = 0.410). Conclusions: This study showed a positive correlation between the severity of tibial nerve CMAP/sural SNAP amplitude abnormality and LANSS score in SNIII. Neuropathic pain may be more common in SNIII patients with sural nerve SNAP amplitude abnormality.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 1999

This study is about the correlation of pain strength between Oswestry Disability Index and Hendler 10-Minute Screening Test in the patient of low back pain. The subject were 66, in and out patient who had recieved physical therapy on low back pain in several hospitals at Seoul and Kyungkido. during July 5.-August 27. 1999 1. The average score of Oswestry Disability Index was $24.06{\pm}8.16$ and that of Hendler 10-Minute Screening Test was $24.82{\pm}4.31$. 2. The Pearson's R score between each questionnaires of Oswestry Disability Index and pain strength was .5692. p<0.0001. So it is very high. But, that between each questionnaires of Hendler 10-Minute Screening Test and pain strength was not significant.. 2261 p<0.05 3. The Pearson's R score between Pain strength of Oswestry and person care was .3391, sex life was .3756, social life was .4637 (p<0.005) and that between Pain factor of Hendler, pain area of Hendler and sleeping(4358), sex(.6198), position change(2767), (p<0.005). So it is significant. 4. The categories where we could see the correlation between Pain strenth of Oswestry and Hendler each questionnaires were sleeping(.3222), sex(5524), position change(4291). (p<0.005).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of balance taping procedures on lower back pain. Method: This study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental study. From May in 2004 to July in 2004, the research was done for females who have lower back pain in Gyeonggi province. Experimental group was 37, and control group was 36. The degree of lower back pain and that of the pain on activity of daily living(ADL) were each measured two times. Result: In the experimental group, the lower back pain score before taping was 6.38, that of 1 hour after the taping applied was 3.27. The lower back pain score of experimental group was significant statistically decreased and that of control group was almost not changed. Moreover, the pain score on ADL was statistically decreased in experimental group. Therefore balance taping is effective to reduce lower back pain and to improve ability of ADL. Conclusion: This study supports that balance taping may benefit individuals with lower back pain and balance taping therapy can be used as an independent nursing intervention. However, a larger study is in need to provide definite evidence and to determine long-term effects.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among pain, depression and life satisfaction of the chronic low back pain patients. Method: The subjects are 98 adults that visit hospital regularly or are hospitalized for back pain in a general hospital from June 1st to August 30th in 2007. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The mean score for chronic low back pain as measured by the VAS was 5.85(${\pm}2.22$). The mean score for depression as measured by BDI was 1.83(${\pm}\;.83$). The average score for life satisfaction was 2.89(${\pm}\;.93$). There was a significant positive correlation between pain and depression. But there were significant negative correlations between pain & life satisfaction, depression & life satisfaction respectively. Conclusion: Chronic low back pain can be occurred to all ages and there are significant relationships among the pain, depression and life satisfaction. Therefore, the nursing interventions to help for relieving the pain and depression for patients with chronic low back pain is required.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2002

Objective : Since ancient times venepuncture has been widely used as a useful treatment for low back pain. This study is made in order to objectively evaluate the therapeutic effect of Weizhong(BL40) on low back pain. Methods : Total 46 cases of low back pain patients were divided into 2 groups; one group took only acupuncture therapy, and the other group took acupuncture and venepuncture therapy together. Each patient's pain was evaluated before the treatment and the 3 or 4 days later after the treatment. Pain rating score(PRS) was used to assess the pain for its intensity, frequency, duration, and aggravating factors. Results : Both acupuncture therapy group and acupuncture & venepuncture group showed good effect on low back pain. Though the latter group showed better pain release effect than the former, there was no statistical significance between pain rating score of two groups. Sciatica group showed no significant difference from non-sciatica group in pain rating score. Palpation on Weizhong(BL40) group showed significant difference only in pain duration from non-palpation group. Exposed vessel around Weizhong(BL40) group showed significant difference in pain rating score from non-exposed vessel group. Conclusion : Weizhong(BL40) venepuncture can be highly recommended as a useful therapy for low back pain patients especially who show exposed vessels on the popliteal area.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2001

Background: The categorical scales and visual analogue scales (VAS) are methods used for evaluating variations of postoperative pain intensity. Several studies have introduced the idea that there is a clear correlation between visual scales and categorical scales. However, when VAS is the only pain measure in the study, we do not know what point on the VAS represents a category on the categorical scale and their degree of correlation with satisfaction for postoperative pain. Methods: 252 patients who had undergone elective surgery were studied. A 5-point categorical scale (none, mild, moderate, severe, worst possible pain), a 0-100 mm VAS (no pain to worst possible pain) and patient satisfaction score were checked 24 hours after surgery using a pain questionnaire and VAS tool. Results: The mean VAS score of the 14 patients reporting 'no-pain' was $1.9{\pm}0.9$, $23.9{\pm}1.0$ for the 132 patients reporting 'mild-pain', $47.2{\pm}1.1$ for the 82 patients reporting 'moderate-pain' and $67.5{\pm}2.8$ for the 24 patients reporting 'severe-pain'. Of the patients reporting moderate pain, 85% scored over 45.6 mm on the corresponding VAS, with a mean score 47.2 mm. The mean satisfaction scores were $90.6{\pm}2.7$ for the 'no pain', patients, $75.1{\pm}1.3$ for ‘mild pain', $58.3{\pm}1.5$ for 'moderate pain', and $55.1{\pm}4.0$ for 'severe pain' patients. The categorical scale was significantly correlated with VAS (P < 0.01). The satisfaction score was significantly inversely correlated with VAS (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicate that if a patient records a VAS score in excess of 45.6 mm they would probably have recorded at least moderate pain on a 5-point categorical scale. The categorical scale can be used properly for postoperative pain measurement with VAS. More research is required for the development of suitable pain descriptor for a categorical scale and pain questionnaire in Korean.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.331-372
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• 2003

The purpose of study was to evaluate effects of low-intensity ultrasound and laser on healing of bone fracture. Twenty fracture patient were selected for this study(fourteen males, six females. mean aged 44.8) fracture area was humerus, tibia, forearm bones. The obtain result are as follows. 1. The result of this study were following that pain score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male(P<.001). 2. The result of this study were following that pain score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in female(P<.001). 1. The result of this study were following that pain score was not appeared reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male and female(P<.001). 4. The result of this study were following that pain score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in male between age(P<.001). 5. The result of this study were following that pain score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in female between age (P<.001). 6. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male(P<.001). 7. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was significantly reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in female(P<.001). 8. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was not appeared reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention in male and female(P<.001). 9. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in male between ages(P<.001). 10. The result of this study were following that radiologic score was not appeared pre intervention compared with post intervention in female between ages(P<.001). 11. The result of this study were following that healing on fracture area was observed that reduced pre intervention compared with post intervention