• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1999

Personality characteristics of TMD patients was studied through the SCL-90-R. III patients were subjected at the Orofacial Pain Clinic, Dept. of Oral Medicine, PNUH, from 1991 to 1996. All the TMD patients were divided and analyzied comparatively by the ways of duration of present illness, severity of symptoms, associated symptoms, traumatic contributing factor, history of treatment, treatment modality, response to therapy and treatment outcomes. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Mean value of T-scores on 9 basic scales in all the groups was within normal range. 2. There showed higher levels of T-scores in the chronic group, the unimproved group and the discontinued group. 3. T-scores in the patients with severe symptom, associated symptoms, and history of treatment revealed higher.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2015

Background: The celiac plexus and splanchnic nerves are targets for neurolytic blocks for pain relief from pain caused by upper gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, we investigated the analgesic effect of a celiac plexus block versus a splanchnic nerve block and the effects of these blocks on the quality of life six months post-intervention for patients with upper GIT tumors. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with inoperable upper GIT tumors and with severe uncontrolled visceral pain were randomized into two groups. These were Group I, for whom a celiac plexus block was used with a bilateral needle retrocrural technique, and Group II, for whom a splanchnic nerve block with a bilateral needle technique was used. The visual analogue scale for pain (0 to 100), the quality of life via the QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and survival rates were assessed. Results: Pain scores were comparable in both groups in the first week after the block. Significantly more patients retained good analgesia with tramadol in the splanchnic group from 16 weeks onwards (P = 0.005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.001, 0.01). Social and cognitive scales improved significantly from the second week onwards in the splanchnic group. Survival of both groups was comparable. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the efficacy of the splanchnic nerve block technique appears to be clinically comparable to a celiac block. All statistically significant differences are of little clinical value.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2010

Purpose: This follow up study was performed to survey the problem in performing ADLs at home after surgery. Method: Twenty elderly patients were assessed 3 times; from the time of hospitalization for surgery until 3 weeks after discharge. Measuring tools are numeric rating scales (NRS) for pain and 3 questionnaires developed by the authors to measure difficulties in ambulation, performing indoor ADLs, and emotional status. Pearson correlation, variance analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Result: The level of pain significantly decreased after surgery, but the difference between pain at the time of discharge and that of 3 weeks after discharge were not significant. Pain showed a positive relationship with emotional difficulties. Elderly with a higher education, family caregiver, and regular exercise showed a lower level of emotional difficulties. Conclusion: Comprehensive approaches for chronic pain including physical, psychological, and social aspects should be considered when caring for the elderly with spinal surgery. In addition, home care nursing interventions should include an exercise program to promote adaptation and rehabilitation after discharge.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2023

Purpose: The study aims to determine the effect of a breathing exercise on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), and forward head posture in patients with rotator cuff repair. Methods: In total, 25 patients with rotator cuff repair were included in this study. The experimental group (n = 13) underwent a breathing exercise, while the control group (n = 12) received traditional physical therapy. The visual analogue scales (VASs) for pain, flexion and abduction ROM, and the craniovertebral angle (CVA) of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes in the post-intervention compared with the pre-intervention period, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in dependent variables between the two groups. Results: After the two-week intervention, the experimental group experienced a significantly decreased VAS (p < 0.05) and significantly increased ROM and CVA (p < 0.05), while the control group experienced a significantly decreased VAS (p < 0.05). Further, the experimental group that underwent the breathing exercise showed greater improvements in flexion and abduction ROM and in the CVA than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that a breathing exercise can reduce shoulder pain and enhance ROM and posture in patients with rotator cuff repair.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.95-115
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this review is to provide fundamental data for low back pain scales which can be used in clinical trial. Methods We investigated the latest studies on chronic low back pain via PubMed. And we also investigated domestic studies through "http://oasis.kiom.re.kr". 95 research papers were analyzed. Scales were classified into pain scale, function scale, generic health status scale and psychological scale. Results 1) According to foreign clinical studies, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were used 18 times as pain scale. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used 20 times as function scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) was 17, and Hannover Functional Ability Questionnaire (HFAQ) was used 3 times. 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used 13 times as generic health status scale, Euroqol-5 Dimentions Questionnaire (EQ-5D) was 11, and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was used 3 times. Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) was used 9 times as psychological scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-R) both were used 3 times. 2) According to domestic clinical studies, VAS was used 37 times as pain scale, NRS was 11, and Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) was used 6 times. ODI was used 30 times as function scale, RMDQ was 2 times only. SF-36 was used once as generic health status scale and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was used 3 times as psychological scale. Conclusions We recommend VAS or NRS as a measure to evaluate pain, and ODI as a measure to evaluate functional disability. And we also recommend SF-36 or SF-12 and EQ-5D as a measure to evaluate generic health status. Finally, we recommend FABQ for use in measuring psychological scale.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2008

저자는 2006년부터 2007년까지 부산대학교병원 구강내과 구강안면동통클리닉에 내원한 외래환자중 BMS환자 59명과 대조군으로는 저자의 클리닉에 내원한 치과신환 94명과 일반시민 92명을 대상으로 간이정신진단검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. BMS환자군, 치과신환군, 일반시민군은 정상범위내에 있었다. 2. BMS환자군은 HOS척도, PHOB척도에서 낮은 척도를 보이는 유의한 차이가 있으며, PAR척도, PSY척도에서 가장 낮은 척도를 나타내는 경향이 있었다. 3. BMS환자군의 남성에서는 HOS척도에서, 여성에서는 PHOB척도에서 가장 낮았다. 4. BMS환자군의 여성척도군에서 SOM척도, O-C척도, DEP척도, ANX척도, PSY척도에서 더 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 5. BMS환자군의 급성군과 만성군으로 비교하였을때 별다른 점이 관찰되지 않았다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2012

The aim is to investigate the analgesic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) on central neuropathic pain(CNP) in spinal cord contusive rat model. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats($250{\pm}50$ g, male) were used. Thoracic spinal cord(T10) was contused using New York University(NYU) spinal cord impactor. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups; GroupI: Non-treatment after SCI induction(n=10), GroupII: application of tDCS(0.1 mA, 20 min/time, 2 times/day, 5 days/6week) after SCI induction(n=10). Assess the effect of tDCS using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan(BBB) locomotor rating scales, Touch $test^{TM}$ sensory evaluator(TTSE), Plantar test$^{\circledR}$after contusion at the $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, $5^{th}$, $6^{th}$ week and the immunohistochemistric response of c-fos in the thalamus, cerebral cortex after contusion at the $3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI. The scores of BBB scales were significantly different from $3^{rd}$week. TTSE were different significantly over time, but there were no differences at each evaluation times on between-measure time effects. Plantar test were different significantly over time and there were difference at the $4^{th}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI on between-measure time effects. Also, immunohistochemistric response of c-fos was reduced significantly from $3^{rd}$, $6^{th}$ week after SCI in tDCS group compared with control group in thalamus and cortex. These results identified that tDCS of non-invasive therapeutic method may have beneficial analgesic effect on CNP after SCI with behavioral test and immunohistochemical test.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1998

Background: Preoperative analgesia may prevent nociceptive inputs generated during surgery from sensitizing central neurons and therefore may preempt postoperative pain. Although preemptive analgesia has shown to decrease postinjury pain in animals, studies in human are not consistent. We studied whether epidural morphine injection before surgical incision could affect postoperative pain and analgesic demands, compared with injection after removal of specimen. Methods: Forty patients scheduled for radical subtotal gastrectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups for prospective study in a double-blind manner. Group 1 received an epidural injection of 3 mg of morphine in 8 ml of 0.9% saline before surgical incision, and Group 2 after removal of specimen. Postoperative pain relief was provided with I.V. patient controlled analgesia (PCA) system. Numerical rating scales for pain and mood, Prince Henry Hospital scores for pain, cumulative PCA analgesic consumptions, and incidence of side effects were assessed at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours after operation. Results: Cumulative PCA analgesic consumption in group 1 was significantly less than in group 2 at 2, 6 hours after surgery. Pain scores and the incidence of side effects were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Preoperative analgesia with epidural morphine showed little difference in patient controlled analgesic consumption after upper abdominal surgery compaired to intraoperative morphine.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4045-4052
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• 2012

본 연구는 냉각 통증 모델을 이용해 간섭파전류와 경피신경전기자극간에 진통 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 16명의 대상자는 6주기의 냉각 통증 모델 검사를 수행하였다. 대상자는 각 주기에서 차가운 물에 손을 담근 후 통증을 호소하는데 걸리는 시간을 이용하여 통증 역치와 시각적통증강도를 이용하여 통증 강도 및 통증 불편감을 측정하였다. 대상자에게 무작위로 각각 간섭파전류 주파수 50 Hz와 100 Hz, 경피신경전기자극 주파수 50 Hz와 100 Hz를 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 4가지 전기자극은 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 통증 역치가 증가하였으나 전기자극간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 통증 강도와 통증 불편감에서는 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 현재의 실험 조건에서 4가지 전기자극간에는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 주파수 50 Hz의 간섭파전류가 다른 전기자극보다 적용시 더 편안하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) in disability, pain, and cognition, and to compare those characteristics to the ICF concept analyzing the association between World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0: 12 item-interviewer version (WHODAS 2.0) and those of scales i.e. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SFMPQ), and the Fear avoidance & belief questionnaire (FABQ). Methods: A total of 91 patients with CLBP were invited to participate in the study. Physical therapists interviewed all participants using SFMPQ, FABQ, ODI, and WHODAS 2.0 for collection of information on pain, cognition, and functional level data. Subjects scored their disability, pain, and cognition related to LBP using WHODAS 2.0, ODI, SFMPQ, and FABQ. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: A positive relationship was observed between WHODAS 2.0 and each scale indicating that lower back specific disability components could be related to the ICF concept in ODI (r=0.77). Pain intensity and pain oriented movement were found to be related to general functioning in patients with CLBP (r=0.52, r=0.55, respectively). Conclusion: It can be suggested that the specific disability scale for LBP, ODI can be related to the ICF concept, WHODAS 2.0, and it may be a useful measure for patients with CLBP.