• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-68
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to report the physical status of adult with cerebral palsy who live in local community areas including Seoul, Busan, Daegu in Republic of Korea at 2004. 202-individuals with cerebral palsy(140 male, 62 female; mean age 31.9 years; range 19 to 64 years) were surveyed. Measures included a 29-item self-reported health status measure focusing on musculoskeletal status and functional performances. Adult cerebral palsy required continuous management for musculoskeletal and ambulatory function through therapeutic approach. This survey is restricted to population who had cared in welfare center for cerebral palsy in local community, so it needs to investigate home-residual adults with cerebral palsy and the population in rural community. The results were as follows: 1. Participants reported that they had a limitation of a daily of life activity due to musculoskeletal pain($43\%$), there was significant differences between a limitation of a daily of life activity and the decreased ambulatory function(p<.05). 2. Thirty six point six percentile of participants had the decreased ADL function, it was significant related with the impaired body location(p<.05) 3. Thirty nine point one percentile of participants who can independently gait had the decreased ambulatory function, it was significant differences with the usage of ambulatory assistive devices(p<.05). 4. There was significant differences ambulatory function both the body region with impairment and a grade of disability(p<.05). 5. Sixteen point three percentile of participants could not ambulate any more, there was significant differences between a age and a point of time for non-ambulation(p<.05). 6. There was significant differences between ambulatory function and physical activity(p<.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.126-147
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• 2005

TCD(transcranial doppler, TCD) units is a equipment that measure a blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery(MCA), anterior cerebral artery(ACA), posterior cerebral artery(PCA), and vertebral artery(VA). The aim of this study was to determine the influence on cerebral blood flow velocity according to different stimulation frequency of interferential currents. 50 patients who has a cervical pain were participated in this study and randomly divided into one of the three experimental, placebo, and control group: (1)IFS 1; $10{\sim}30Hz$ was applied, (2)IFS 2; $30{\sim}50Hz$ was applied, (3)IFS 3; $50{\sim}100Hz$ was applied, (4)placebo; suction only applied, and (5)control; neither suction nor interferential stimulation applied. In the IFS groups, interferential stimulations were applied through four suction electrodes application from the 5th cervical to the 1st thoracic level. The results were as follow; 1. MCA was statistically significant with IFS 1, IFS 2, IFS 3, and Placebo group(p<0.05), But there was no statistical significance between IFS 1 and IFS 3 group(p>0.05). 2. ACA was statistically significant with IFS 1, IFS 2, and IFS 3 group(p<0.05). And IFS 1 was more statistical significance than IFS 3 group on ACA(p<0.05). 3. PCA was statistically significant with IFS 1, IFS 2, and IFS 3 group(p<0.05). And IFS 1 was more statistical significance than IFS 3 group on PCA(p<0.05). 4. VA was statistically significant with IFS 1, IFS 2, and IFS 3 group(p<0.05). And IFS 1 was more statistical significance than IFS 3 group on VA(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2013

Objective : The aim of this study is to assess outcomes during first one year for patients with severe motor weakness caused by lumbar disc herniation that underwent surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Methods : The 46 patients with motor weakness because of lumbar disc herniation who were treated at neurosurgical department and rehabilitation in our hospital from 2006 to 2010, retrospectively. Each group had 26 surgical treatments and 20 conservative treatments. We followed up 1, 3, 6 months and 12 month and monitored a Visual Analogue rating Scale (VAS) of back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and degree of motor weakness. We analyzed the differences between surgical and nonsurgical groups using Mann-Whitney U test and repeat measure ANOVA in each follow-up periods. Results : In the recovery of motor weakness, surgical treatment uncovered a rapid functional recovery in the early periods (p=0.003) and no difference between groups at the end of follow-up period was found (p>0.05). In VAS of back and leg, the interaction between time and group was not found (p>0.05) and there was no difference between groups (p>0.05). In ODI, the interaction between time and group was not found (p>0.05) and there was no difference between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion : Surgical treatment for motor weakness caused by herniated intervertebral disc resulted in a rapid recovery in the short-term period, especially 1 month. We think early and proper surgical treatment in a case of motor weakness from disc herniation could be a good way for providing a chance for rapid alleviation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.940-947
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• 2015

A Sitting posture is a very important issue for moderns who is mostly sedentary. Also, a wrong sitting posture causes back-pain and spinal disease. Many researchers have been proposed numerous approaches that classifying and monitoring for a sitting posture. In this paper, we proposed a real-time sitting posture monitoring system that was developed to measure pressure distribution in the human body. The proposed system consists of a pressure sensing module (six pressure sensors), data acquisition and processing module, a communication module and a display module for an individual sitting posture monitoring. The developed monitoring system can classify into five sitting postures, such as a correct sitting, sitting on forward inclination, leaning back sitting, sitting with a right leg crossed and a left leg crossed. In addition, when a user deviates from the correct posture, an alarm function is activated. We selected two kinds of chairs, one is rigid material and fixed form, the other one is a soft material and can adjust the height of a chair. In the experiments, we observed appearance changes for subjects in consequence of a comparison between before the correction of posture and after the correction of posture when using the proposed system. The data from twenty four subjects has been classified with a proposed classifier, achieving an average accuracy of 83.85%, 94.56% when the rigid chair and the soft chair, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effect of foot bath on blood pressure(BP) following treadmill exercise. Methode : Subject of study were forty healthy males without any cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurologic diseases. Following twenty minutes walking at a speed of 5m/s on the treadmill, ten twenty subjects in experimental group received foot bath, on the dominant lower limb while sitting in chair. Foot bath was applied to the level of the lateral and medial malleoli keeping the temperature of the paraffin bath at $40{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. Twenty subjects in control group took a rest sitting in chair in a comfortable position. BP was measured in right brachial artery. BP was measured five times(before exercise, immediately after exercise, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and fifteen minutes after exercise). Results : The study showed that for diastolic blood pressure, there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group. However, systolic blood pressure(SBP) increased significantly after exercise compared with SBP before exercise (p<.05). In addition, SBP in five minutes after exercise decreased significantly compared with SBP in immediately after exercise (p<.05). On the other hand, the control group had significant difference between SBP measured before exercise and SBP measured at the other measure time (p<.05). In five minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significant difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Similarly, in ten and fifteen minutes after exercise, SBP in experimental group had significantly difference with SBP in control group (p<.05). Conclusion : Consequently it was confirmed that when foot bath was applied, the increased BP induced by the exercise returned to normal range rapidly.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to measure the application of prone compression study using compression paddle for obese patients in upper gastrointestinal series. Prone compression study using compression paddle was performed in fifty patients, who were not examined completely erect compression study for obesity. The radiographs of stomach were classified into the lower, middle, and high body and then we gave five points included 'very poor', 'poor', 'suspicious', 'good', and 'complete' according to level of detection for area gastrica and mucosal fold. Statistic analysis was performed using T-test and ANOVA, and confidence rate was fixed in 95%(P<0.05) for the significance. The results were as follows : 1. The compression marks on high body was 'poor' grades in erect and prone compression study. The points were 1.64 and 1.86, respectively. 2. The compression marks on middle body was 1.68 in erect compression study, and 'suspicious' in prone compression study. 3. The compression marks on lower body was 'poor' in erect compression study, and 'good' in prone compression study. 4. There was a high statistic signification between the two study on middle and lower body except for high body(P<0.01). 5. The average abdominal thickness of subjects was 23.98 centimeter. There was no statistic signification between the difference of average marks by the abdominal thickness(P>0.05). As these results, the prone compression study in upper gastrointestinal serie seem to be an useful study for obese patients, because it decreases pain and the feeling of uneasiness, and improve compression efficiency remarkably.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2018

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) affects patients without clinically apparent lung disorder found in tall and thin young male. Scoliosis refers to curves exceeding $10^{\circ}$ Cobb angle observed through chest X-ray and affects 2% to 4% of adolescents. Both conditions are commonly encountered in primary health care setting. The aim of this study is to access the correlation of thoracic scoliosis and PSP in adolescent. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients diagnosed for PSP in Konyang University Hospital between January 2010 and March 2017. Chest X-rays of 222 patients and 155 normal control (NC) cases were reviewed to measure the Cobb angle. Greater than $10^{\circ}$ of Cobb angle is diagnosed as scoliosis. Results: Scoliosis in patient with PSP has higher incidence than that of NC group (p<0.001). Median value of Cobb angle is $12.9^{\circ}$ in PSP group and $14.7^{\circ}$ in NC group. Directional relationship between scoliosis and pneumothorax in PSP group is also observed; 40.5% cases are ipsilateral and 59.5% are contralateral. Conclusion: PSP patients tend to have thoracic scoliosis more commonly compared with normal healthy adolescent. Scoliosis may contribute to heterogeneity of alveolar pressure which exacerbates subpleural bleb formation that can cause pneumothorax. The causal relationship is unclear and further studies are needed in the future.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2010

Sialolithiasis is the most commom disease of salivary gland. The main symptoms are pain and swelling of the involved gland during eating. It can occur at any age but patients in their third to fifth decade present most cases. Males are more frequently affected than females. Most sialoliths are located within the duct system of the submandibular gland. Submandibular sialoliths close to the hilum of the gland tend to become large and ovoid shape, whereas sialoliths in the duct tend to be elongated. Commonly, sialoliths measure from 1 mm to less than 10 mm, and larger than 15 mm are considered rare. In one case we have removed a giant sialolith which was located in a wharton's duct and in the other case we have removed multiple sialolith including a giant sialolith which were also located in a Wharton's duct. We report these 2 cases with literature reviews.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2000

Despite research to treat delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), no effective treatment has been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a hold-relax technique and cryotherapy on DOMS. Thirty-three subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, hold-relax technique, or hold-relax technique and cryotherapy. DOMS was induced in the non-dominant biceps muscle through repeated eccentric contractions. Resting elbow joint position, flexion and extension (universal goniometer), pain (Visual Analogue Scale; VAS), and WBC count (blood analysis) were measured one hour before DOMS was induced and 24, 48, and 72 hours after DOMS was induced. The data were analyzed by repeated measure of two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to a resting elbow joint position, there were significant differences over time, especially at 24, 48 hours after DOMS was induced compared with resting elbow joint position before DOMS was induced. 2) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to range of flexion, there were significant differences between range of flexion before DOMS was induced and range of flexion 72 hours after DOMS was induced. 3) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to range of extension. 4) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to VAS, there were significant differences over time in different hours. 5) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to WBC count. 6) There were no interactions between groups or over time in all variables. This results suggested that hold-relax technique and cryotherapy were not effective to reduce DOMS.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.99-109
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Auricular acupressure with semen sinapis in obese children over a specific period of time. Methods : The study subjects included 27 obese children who were evaluated as such using Broca's Index at an elementary school located in M city. The data was collected throughout March 2, to May 31, 2005. In order to collect data, as a pre-test, characteristics of obesity and general characteristics were examined. Experimental treatments were used on Shinmun, Kijeom, Wijeom, Bijeom and Naebunbijeom. Among the auricular spots, one pill of semen sinapis was placed and pressed for five seconds at a time with exerted force and the subjects endured pain. This procedure was conducted ten tunes every morning, noon and evening for a period of six weeks. As a post-test, the degree of obesity were examined two weeks, four weeks and six weeks after acupressure had been applied. The data was collected and analysed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program by number, percentage, mean standard deviation, and Repeated Measure ANOVA. Result : The first hypothesis that 'The obesity of the children who had auricular acupressure with semen sinapis will show no difference over time' (two weeks, four weeks and six weeks after acupressure had been applied) was rejected(p=.000). A statistically significant difference in the obesity of the children who had auricular acupressure with semen sinapis was shown over time. The children's obesity degree reduced from 35.85% before auricular acupressure with semen sinapis to 28.67% six weeks after acupressure. Thus after six weeks of acupressure the relative degrees of obesity were reduced by 7.18%. Conclusion : Bases on the above results, it can be determined that auricular acupressure with semen sinapis can be used as an effective method of treatment in Korea, for reducing degrees of obesity in children.