• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.706-713
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• 2010

Objectives : The source is from the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L., family Compositae. It is used in clinical medicine to promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, promote menstruation and alleviate pain. In the present study, we investigated the genome wide analysis of Carthami Flos on the intra-cranial hemorrhage(ICH) model. Methods : ICH in rat was induced by injection of collagenase type IV and Carthami Flos extract(CFe) was administered orally. The molecular profile of cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using microarray technique to identify up- or down- regulated genes in brain tissue. Results : Expression profile showed that diverse genes were up- or down-regulated by ICH induction. Administration of CFe restored the expression level of some of altered genes by ICH to normal expressional level. Interestingly, these recovered genes by CFe were involved in the same biological pathways which were significantly activated or suppressed by ICH. Conclusion : The above results might explain the therapeutic mechanism of CFe on ICH. Further, by analyzing interaction network, core genes was identified which could be key molecular targets of CFe against ICH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.527-534
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• 2010

Purpose : The application of tape to modulation of pain and muscular excitability has become common clinical practice among musculoskeletal physical therapy. However, the techniques of the tape application has been relied on empirical evidence in preference to the neurophysiological evidence. Thus, the mechanism of taping has to be elucidated further. The aim of this study was to determine whether elastic and non-elastic taping across a muscle does indeed change ${\alpha}$-motor neuron excitability. Methods : The study was performed on 10 neurologically healthy adults. Two different types of tape were applied to skin overlying gastrocnemius. The elastic tape stretched up to 120% of its original length but non-elastic tape didn't stretched up of its original length. The tape applied across the direction on thickest part of the gastrocnemius. The ${\alpha}$-motor neuron excitability of the gastrocnemius was assessed using the gastrocnemius H-reflex. The amplitude of the M-wave and H-reflex were measured across three conditions: before tape application, with tape and with the tape removed. Results : No significant changes of the excitability of the ${\alpha}$-motor neuron were obtained across three condition, either in the elastic and non-elastic tape. Conclusion : From the results, I could come to the conclusion that further clinical work will be required.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2017

Objectives : Polygoni Multiflori Ramulus has been widely used as a traditional medicinal herb for the treatment of insomnia, limb pain and itch. The extract of Polygoni Multiflori Ramulus (PMRE) is known to have a modulatory effect of many inflammatory responses. This study was performed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of PMRE against arachidonic acid (AA) + iron-induced oxidative stress on HepG2 cell and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury on mice. Methods : The effects of PMRE on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. And flow cytometric analysis was performed to estimate the effects on mitochondrial function. To investigate its underlying mechanism, apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by using immunoblot analysis. In addition, ICR mouse were administrated (po) with the PMRE (30, 100 mg/kg) for 3 days and then, injected (ip) with $CCl_4$ (0.5 ml/kg body weight) to induce acute liver damage. The level of pro-caspase-3 was measured. Results : Treatment of PMRE increased relative cell viability, prevented a cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase and pro-caspase-3, and also reduced mitochondrial membrane permeability against AA + iron-induced oxidative stress. In addition, PMRE treatment decreased liver injury induced by $CCl_4$, as evidenced by increases in pro-caspase-3 level. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that PMRE has an ability to anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effect against AA + iron-induced oxidative stress and $CCl_4$-induced liver injury.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1678-1688
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• 2017

Infiltration is one of detrimental problems occurring in nursing or medical settings. Early detection of infiltration is essential to minimize the risk of injury from infiltration. To perform a preliminary study on the point of care and automated infiltration detection system, bioelectrical impedance was investigated using bioelectrical impedance analyzer. We would like to report experimental results that allow impedance parameters to effectively distinguish infiltration. Electrodes were attached to both sides of the transparent dressing on the fusion site where IV solution was being infused. Then, impedance parameters before and after infiltration were measured as a function of time and frequency. The experimental results are as follows. After infiltration was intentionally induced by puncturing the vein wall with a needle, the resistance gradually decreased with time. That is, when an alternating current having a frequency of 20 kHz was applied to the electrodes, the resistance gradually decreased with time, reflecting the accumulation of IV solution in the extracellular fluid since the current could not pass through the cell membrane. Impedance parameters and equivalent circuit model for human cell were used to examine the mechanism of current flow before and after infiltration, which could be used for early detection of infiltration.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.245-248
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• 1997

Excessive stress on the bone-stem interface may cause local micromotion that could produce midthigh pain, interface bone resorption and prevent bony ingrowth. It is important for clinician and prosthetic designer to develop an understanding of the load transfer mechanism, its associated stress pattern and its relationships with the particular mechanical characteristics of the femoral stem designs. Finite element method (FEM) is preeminently suited to provide information in this respect. The authors developed 3-dimensional numerical finite element models implanted with the straight stem which is composed of total 1170 elements of 8 nodes and with the curved stem which is composed of total 885 elements of 8 node, and analysed the relative micromotions between the straight stem and the curved stem in immediate postoperative stage of an uncemented total hip replacement in load simulating the single leg stance. The results showed that the rotational displacement was occupied over 90% of total micromotion in both types of stem and was peak at the proximal medial portion of the stem, but markedly less distally. The curved stem was more stable especially in terms of rotational stability. It is recommended that surgeons do not allow the patient weight bearing until bony ingrowth was achieved. In the future more attention should be drawn to increase initial rotational stability of the two types of femoral stem to prevent loosening from excessive micromotion.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore research trends in gold implantation therapy performed on the animal and human body, through a review of clinical studies focused on gold thread, gold needle and gold bead. Methods : Medical databases, including Pubmed, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, RISS4u, KISTI, OASIS and KTKP, were searched for relevant articles published from their launch to December 31, 2015 using the key word 'gold' with '$thread^*$', '$needle^*$', '$acupuncture^*$', '$wire^*$', '$bead^*$', '$embed^*$', '$implant^*$', or '$insert^*$'. The results were classified into in vivo studies, clinical trials and clinical reports. Analysis of the results was conducted in several research areas, from the identity of studies such as nationality and published year, to the gold preparations-features and implanted locations and to the outcomes that reflect the clinically favorable or adverse effect of gold implantation therapy. Results : A total of 30 studies including 11 in vivo studies, 4 clinical trials and 15 case reports, were found in the search. We observed certain research trends according to the research time, nationality and target indication of the studies. The studies primarily revealed a chronic local inflammatory response which could be a useful mechanism for pain-relief in musculoskeletal diseases and facial rejuvenation. Researches concerning long-term reactions or adverse effects were rare. Conclusion : The results show that the efforts to discover the level of clinical efficacy of gold implantation therapy were steady and worldwide. However, further researches on the longterm effect, and more importantly, the safety of gold implantation therapy are required.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.193-196
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• 2004

Acute respiratory distress syndrome after silicone fluid injection is uncommon. Reasons that organic silicone is inactive in the human body and has low surface tension and is not affected by physical factors such as time or temperature make this material to be widely used as a medical product. However, lately some of its side effects have been noted and also cause respiratory problems in rare occasions. The mechanism is not clear but silicone injection cause one to cough, produce hemoptysis, fever, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea, and may even lead to acute respiratory failure. In other countries, these side effects were reported from 1970s and several cases started to appear in Korea from 1990s. We report a 58 years-old female who recovered from acute respiratory distress syndrome after injection of silicone fluid into vaginal wall by a conservative therapy.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

In this experiment, we examined the the effect of Laetrile Oil to the immune system and tried to disclose the anti-cancer mechanism of this. The result is listed as below. 1. After per-os, sub-cutaneous and into the peritoneal injection of Laetrile Oil to the SPF mice, the LD50 is above 5000mg/kg at even group. 2. Mean survival days of mice treated with laetril oil, after S-180 cells transplantation into the peritoneal cavity decreases 1.5 days(-6.8%) compared with the Mean survival days of the control group(22days.) 3. Effects of laetril oil on natural killer cell activity at Effector/Target Cell Ratio with 100:1, 50:1, 10:1 into methotrexate-pretreated mice is like this.: Compared with $29.22\pm12.7\%$ Cytotoxicity of the control group, sample group's Cytotoxicity had $38.83{\pm}12.5%$ of meaningful acrease. At 100:1 Effecr/Target Cell Ratio. At 50:1 Effector/Target Cell Ratio, control group has $20.02{\pm}9.6%$ Cytotoxiciy and sample group had $31.53{\pm}13.4%$ Cytotoxicity. At 25:1 Effector/Target Cell Ratio control group has $13.60{\pm}6.6%$ Cytotoxicity and sample group had $20.81{\pm}9.8%$ Cytotoxicity According to the above results, the Laetrile Oil represents nontotoxic to a SPF mice. non-effective to transplantable Sarcoma 180 tumors, and activaion in NK cell activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2016

Rosa rugosa Thunb, a deciduous shrub of the genus Rosa, has been widely used to treat stomach aches, diarrhoea, pain, and chronic inflammatory disease in eastern Asia. In recent years, our research team has extensively studied the Rosa rugosa flower extract, and specifically undertook pharmacological experiments which have optimized the extraction process. Our methods have yielded a standard extract enriched in phenolic compounds, named PRE. Herein, we expand our efforts and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of PRE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PRE significantly inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), as well as expression of their synthesizing enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2). Furthermore, PRE inhibited activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling pathway. Our findings are the first to explain the anti-inflammatory mechanism by PRE in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Given these results, we propose that PRE has therapeutic potential in the prevention of inflammatory disorders.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 2012

Morphine is not only an analgesic treating pain for patients with cancer but also a potential anticancer drug inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. To gain better insight into the involvement of morphine in the biological characteristics of gastric cancer, we investigated effects on progression of gastric carcinoma cells and the expression of some apoptosis-related genes including caspase-9, caspase-3, survivin and NF-${\kappa}B$ using the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line. The viability of cells was assessed by MTT assay, proliferation by colony formation assay, cell cycle progression and apoptosis by flow cytometry and ultrastructural alteration by transmission electron microscopy. The influences of morphine on caspase-9, caspase-3, survivin and NF-${\kappa}B$ were evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Our data showed that morphine could significantly inhibit cell growth and proliferation and cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. MGC-803 cells which were incubated with morphine also had a higher apoptotic rate than control cells. Morphine also led to morphological changes of gastric cancer cells. The mechanism of morphine inhibiting gastric cancer progression in vitro might be associated with activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and inhibition of survivin and NF-${\kappa}B$.