• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2004

Objective : Assuming that the characteristic of meridian system has been similar to this of electric potentials in human body and that measurements of electric potential at well(井穴) and sea (合穴) points in branches of the twelve meridians(WSBTM) will be representative of measurements of the twelve meridians, to measure the electric potentials of 13 patients with Facial Hemiparalysis (구안와사<口眼蝸斜>, FH), to find out the characteristic of meridian system in patients with AK. Methods : Electric potentials of well and sea points in the meridians in twenty one patients with the pain in the lion diagnosed as FH were repeatedly measured by physiograph(PowerLab). Measurements of those electrical potentials were analyzed by factor analysis. Results : The electric potentials of WSBTM at the left side were divided into five factors. On the other hand those at the right side Were divided into four factors. Conclusions : In conclusion, their electrical potentials at the left and right side were each other five and four factors. Thus electrical potentials of well and sea points might be the representative meridian to show their characteristics.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.73-88
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out The effect of Low back pain on the total pattens of Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF). Methods : The subjects of the study were 62 low back pain patients. They were divided into two groups: 31 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. the experimental group performed modalities and PNF total patterns three times for a week. the control group performed only modalities and ROM exercise three times for a week. Back muscle strength was measured by a back muscle strength measuring machine, the intensity of pain was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the level of disability was measured by Oswestry low back pain disability index. Study measurements were compared before and after 6 weeks exercise program. The two groups of subjects were assessed by utilizing two different balance measurement: Static standing balance was measured by balance performance monitor (BPM) and Dynamic standing balance was measured by one leg standing(OLS). The scale for static standing balance was measured by using, sway area, sway path, max velocity. Results : The results of this study were as follow: 1) The score on visual analogue scale shows statistically significant increase on PNF group of post test(p<.05). 2) The score on Oswestry low back pain disability index. shows statistically significant decrease on PNF group of post test(p<.05). 3) The change sway area was statistically significant on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). 4) The change sway path was statistically significant on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). 5) The change max velocity was statistically significant on pre-test and post-test(p<.05). 6) The score on one leg standing shows statistically significant increase on PNF group of post test(p<.05). Conclusion : These results of this study indicated that Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Total patterns which performed for six weeks had a statistically significant influence on low back pain. If the exercise for muscle strength is performed along with therapeutic stabilizing exercise, a better effect can be expected on low back pain. We hope that this study will provide a basic data for further research with a bigger group and on a long-term effect.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Objectives: A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is characterized by back pain and fracture of a vertebral body on spinal radiography. VCFs of the thoraco lumbar spine are common in the elderly. In general, appropriate analgesics should be prescribed to reduce pain and, thus, promote early mobilization. The ideal treatment approach for VCFs has not been determined. In Korea, acupuncture and herbal medication have been used to treat VCFs for many years. There is empirical evidence that acupuncture might benefit patients with a VCF. However, no randomized, controlled, clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and the safety of acupuncture for treating a VCF have been published. Therefore, we designed a randomized, controlled, pilot, clinical trial to obtain information for the design of a further full scale trial. Methods: A five week protocol for a randomized, controlled, pilot, clinical trial is presented. Fourteen patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a control group receiving interlaminar epidural steroid injections once a week for three weeks, and an experimental group receiving interlaminar epidural steroid injections plus acupuncture treatment (three acupuncture sessions per week for three weeks, nine sessions in total). The primary outcomes will be the pain intensity (visual analogue scale and PainVision$^{TM}$ system). The secondary outcome measurements will be the answers on the short form McGill pain questionnaire and the oswestry disability index. Assessments will be made at baseline and at one, three, and five weeks. The last assessment (week five) will take place two weeks after treatment cessation. This study will provide both an indication of feasibility and a clinical foundation for a future large scale trial. The outcomes will provide additional resources for incorporating acupuncture into existing treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, narcotics and vertebral augmentation. This article describes the protocol.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-141
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the curative effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy for pain and limited R.O.M (range of motion) of shoulder in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects of this study were 6 patients with shoulder pain in stroke sequelae. Routine Oriental Medical programs (Acupunture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and physical therapy) were maintained for each subject throughout this study. Single subject ABABAB design was adopted. Each period was 4 days as a rule. Only during the treatment period, Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy was provided as intervention at the acupoints of LI15(Gyeonu),　TE14(Gyeollyo), GB21(Gyeonjeong), LI14(Bino). The change of pain was measured with a Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The pain threshold was measured using pressure algometer at the same acupoints where Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy was provided. And the R.O.M of shoulder joint (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation) was measured as well. Analysis was performed by Bayesian analysis using WinBUGS for the comparison of treatment(Bee Venom Acupuncture Therapy) and non-treatment. Results : The median overall improvement for difference in VAS was -2.219(-3.213, -1.175), for difference in external rotation of shoulder R.O.M was 9.992(-2.298, 18.49), for difference in tenderness score of LI14(Bino) by pressure algometer was 5.05(0.6283, 7.762). 95% credibility intervals being shown in brackets. However, the median overall improvement for difference in the other measurements was not significant. Conclusion : This study suggests that Bee Venom Therapy may be applicable to decrease pain and improve R.O.M of shoulder in hemiplegia patients with stroke. Further elaborated single subject designs need to be accumulated to confirm the effects of Bee Venom Acupunture Therapy on shoulder pain in patients with stroke sequelae.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2015

Purpose: The trend of body temperature change during laparoscopic surgery and the most adequate site for monitoring temperature measurements have not been investigated thoroughly. In this study body temperature change during laparoscopic surgery was measured and measurements of the tympanic, esophageal, and nasopharyngeal core temperatures in surgical patients with total intravenous anesthesia were compared. Methods: From February to October 2013, 28 laparoscopic surgical patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Seoul. The patients' core temperature was measured 12 times at ten minute intervals from ten minutes after the beginning of endotracheal intubation. Results: Repeated measure of core temperatures indicated a significant difference according to body part (p=.033), time of measure (p<.001) and the reciprocal interaction between body part and time of measure (p<.027). The core temperatures were highest at tympany location, lowest at nasopharynx. The amount of temperature change was least for the esophagus ($36.10{\sim}36.33^{\circ}C$), followed by nasopharynx and tympany. Conclusion: The esophageal core temperature showed the highest stability followed by nasopharyngeal and tympanic temperature. Therefore, close observations are required between 10~20minutes after the beginning of the operation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

Purpose : This study examines the effects of pre-eccentric exercise and stretch ing to bicepsbrachii to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness and recovery of muscular function depending on the training intensity with 28 normal adults in their twenties. Methods : The subjects were divided into a control group, a group without any previous eccentric exercise, and a stretching group. Pre-eccentric exercise group conducted exercise with the intensity of 25% of maximal voluntary contraction. Pre-eccentric exercise and stretching was applied before to induce delayed onset muscle soreness and after, 24 hour post, 48 hour post, and 72 hour post. Measurements were conducted to examine pain and muscular function changes before, immediately after, and after inducing delayed onset muscle soreness. After inducing delayed onset muscle soreness, measurements were taken at the 24th hour, 48th hour, and 72nd hour. Results : The pre-eccentric exercise group and stretching group showed a significant difference from the control group by isometric contract ion power and mechanical pain threshold as a result of measuring delayed onset muscle soreness. Conclusion : From these results, electrical stimulation using presynaptic inhibition mechanism of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) had positive effects for walking ability on inhibition of muscle tone in lower extremity. The motor level stimulation group experienced a more significant effect than the sensory level stimulation group. Therefore, the transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) is considered to be effective on walking ability increasing through inhibition of muscle tone in lower extremity for rehabilitation of post stroke hemiplegic patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

Background: This study examined the effects of nerve mobilization exercise and scapula postural correction exercise and scapula postural correction exercise after applying conservative physical therapy to frozen shoulder. Methods: Thirty-four outpatients were divided into a nerve mobilization exercise and scapula postural correction exercise group and scapula postural correction exercise group. Each group performed its own exercise 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks. Pain intensity was measured by the visual analogue scale. Range of motion was measured by the goniometer. The scapular position was measured by scapular index. Grasping power was measured by the Grip Track Commander. Measurements were made at baseline and six weeks after the intervention. Results: the visual analogue scale, range of motion (except lateral rotation), and grasping power for each group showed significant changes at baseline and six weeks after the intervention (p<.05). Significant differences were also evident between the two groups for these three measurements (p<.05). Conclusions: Nerve mobilization exercise & scapula postural correction exercise is more effective than scapula postural correction exercise for reducing pain intensity and increasing grasping power, scapular index and range of motion (except lateral rotation) in frozen shoulder syndrome patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate difference of the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) with different frequencies in participants having delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Methods : We recruited 36 healthy participants, but 3 of them were dropped out. They were randomly divided into 3groups : 3 Hz TENS(n=11), 100 Hz TENS(n=11) and sham TENS(n=11). DOMS of the both triceps surae muscle induced by repetitive concentric, ecentric exercise. The result measurements were pain perception(visual analogue scale, VAS), mechanical pain threshold(MPT) by pressure algometer, electrical contraction and fatigue by surface electromyography. The measurements were on first visit, before and after treatment except first. This study was prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Results : In 100 Hz TENS group, VAS was significantly decreased during whole session compared with 3 Hz and control group, and after each treatment, too. In 3 Hz TENS group, VAS was significantly decreased during whole session compared with control group, and after 2nd, 3rd treatment, too. In 100 Hz TENS group, MPT increased the most among 3 groups during whole session and after 1st treatment, but there were no statistical significances. Conclusions : Both 3 Hz and 100 Hz TENS improved delayed onset muscle soreness, but 100 Hz TENS group is more effective than 3 Hz TENS group.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2016

Background: Failure to maintain a patent airway can result in brain damage or death. In patients with mandibular prognathism or retrognathism, intubation is generally thought to be difficult. We determined the degree of difficulty of airway management in patients with mandibular deformity using anatomic criteria to define and grade difficulty of endotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy. Methods: Measurements were performed on 133 patients with prognathism and 33 with retrognathism scheduled for corrective esthetic surgery. A case study was performed on 89 patients with a normal mandible as the control group. In all patients, mouth opening distance (MOD), mandibular depth (MD), mandibular length (ML), mouth opening angle (MOA), neck extension angle (EXT), neck flexion angle (FLX), thyromental distance (TMD), inter-notch distance (IND), thyromental area (TMA), Mallampati grade, and Cormack and Lehane grade were measured. Results: Cormack and Lehane grade I was observed in 84.2%, grade II in 15.0%, and grade III in 0.8% of mandibular prognathism cases; among retrognathism cases, 45.4% were grade I, 27.3% grade II, and 27.3% grade III; among controls, 65.2% were grade I, 26.9% were grade II, and 7.9% were grade III. MOD, MOA, ML, TMD, and TMA were greater in the prognathism group than in the control and retrognathism groups (P < 0.05). The measurements of ML were shorter in retrognathism than in the control and prognathism groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Laryngoscopic intubation was easier in patients with prognathism than in those with normal mandibles. However, in retrognathism, the laryngeal view grade was poor and the ML was an important factor.