• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pain

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Effects of Intraperitoneal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Administration on Nociceptive/Repetitive Behaviors in Juvenile Mice

  • Kim, Seonmin;Kim, Do Gyeong;Gonzales, Edson luck;Mabunga, Darine Froy N.;Shin, Dongpil;Jeon, Se Jin;Shin, Chan Young;Ahn, TaeJin;Kwon, Kyoung Ja
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.168-177
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    • 2019
  • Dysregulation of excitatory neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacological inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is widely used to model neurobehavioral pathologies and underlying mechanisms. There is ample evidence that overstimulation of NMDA-dependent neurotransmission may induce neurobehavioral abnormalities, such as repetitive behaviors and hypersensitization to nociception and cognitive disruption, pharmacological modeling using NMDA has been limited due to the induction of neurotoxicity and blood brain barrier breakdown, especially in young animals. In this study, we examined the effects of intraperitoneal NMDA-administration on nociceptive and repetitive behaviors in ICR mice. Intraperitoneal injection of NMDA induced repetitive grooming and tail biting/licking behaviors in a dose- and age-dependent manner. Nociceptive and repetitive behaviors were more prominent in juvenile mice than adult mice. We did not observe extensive blood brain barrier breakdown or neuronal cell death after peritoneal injection of NMDA, indicating limited neurotoxic effects despite a significant increase in NMDA concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. These findings suggest that the observed behavioral changes were not mediated by general NMDA toxicity. In the hot plate test, we found that the latency of paw licking and jumping decreased in the NMDA-exposed mice especially in the 75 mg/kg group, suggesting increased nociceptive sensitivity in NMDA-treated animals. Repetitive behaviors and increased pain sensitivity are often comorbid in psychiatric disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder). Therefore, the behavioral characteristics of intraperitoneal NMDA-administered mice described herein may be valuable for studying the mechanisms underlying relevant disorders and screening candidate therapeutic molecules.

Prospective Clinical Research of the Efficacy of Platelet-rich Plasma in the Outpatient-based Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

  • Lee, Ho-Won;Choi, Kyung-Ho;Kim, Jung-Youn;Yang, Ik;Noh, Kyu-Cheol
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2019
  • Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of the control group and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group among the patients who failed to respond to conservative treatment as outpatient-based therapy for rotator cuff tendinopathy, and to compare the clinical results of leukocyte-poor (LP) PRP and leukocyte-rich (LR) PRP. Methods: Inclusion criteria are (1) over 18-year-old, (2) patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, no rotator cuff tear by radiologic diagnosis (ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging) within the last 3 months, and (3) not effective to conservative treatment for more than 1 month. Of the final 60 subjects, 33 patients in the exercise treatment group and 27 patients in the PRP injection group (LP-PRP, 13; LR-PRP, 14) were included. Clinical evaluation was carried out by assessing the outcomes of treatment using the Numeric Rating Scale pain score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score, and the Constant score at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after the procedure. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in ${\Delta}ASES_{3months}$ ($ASES_{3months}-ASES_{first}$) score between the control and PRP groups (p=0.006). However, there was no statistical significance between LP-PRP and LR-PRP groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that PRP injection was more effective than exercise therapy for the first 3 months. However, there was no difference between the LP-PRP group and the LR-PRP group. Regardless of the type of PRP, clinical application of PRP injection in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy seems to be effective in early treatment.

Safety and Effectiveness of Fluoroscopy-Guided Acupotomy for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized, Patient-Assessor Blind, Parallel Clinical Trial

  • Yang, Muhack;Kim, Jae Kyoun;Park, Gun Woo;Cha, Eunhye;Jang, Jongwon;Seo, Jihye;Lee, Sangkwan;Kim, Sungchul
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.100-106
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    • 2019
  • Background: In Korean medicine, carpal tunnel syndrome is treated by stimulating the acupoints around the wrist. Although a deep understanding of anatomy and guidance is needed to stimulate these acupoints to avoid undesirable side-effects, currently there are no published guidelines for acupotomy treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fluoroscopy-guided acupotomy compared with conventional acupotomy treatment. Methods: This is a randomized, patient-assessor, patient blind, parallel clinical trial. A total of 30 patients will be enrolled at Wonkwang University Gwangju Hospital, and will be allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group will be treated using fluoroscopy-guided acupotomy and the control group will be treated using the conventional acupotomy method. Results: The primary outcome measure will be identification of a cross-section area of the median nerve measured by ultrasonography, and the secondary outcome measure will be the alleviation of pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, improvement in the Nerve Conduction Study, Tinel test, Phalen's test, EuroQol 5-dimension scale, and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire score. Safety components will be measured by monitoring vital signs, electrocardiographs, blood tests, general chemical tests, urine tests and pregnancy tests. In addition, observations for adverse effects will be performed during the trial. Conclusion: This study will provide a more effective, and less harmful way of treating carpal tunnel syndrome compared with conventional acupotomy. Fluoroscopy-guided acupotomy will help practitioners to be accurate in direction and depth of the needle for treating carpal tunnel syndrome.

Factors Influencing Quality of Life Elderly Who Live Alone, Depending on Gender (성별에 따른 독거노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 요인)

  • Kwon, Myoungjin
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.365-373
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    • 2019
  • This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of elderly who live alone according to gender. The participants in this study were 959 elderly living alone from a total of 22,948 individuals studied in the 2013-2015 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. IBM SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data. There were significant differences between the two groups in age, level of education, and amount of calorie intake. Economic status, presence of arthritis, presence of restrict activity, subjective health status had an influence on quality of life in men with an explanatory power of 50.5% (p < .001). Presence of back pain, subjective health status, suicidal ideation had an influence on quality of life in women with an explanatory power of 41.4% (p < .001). Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life of elderly living alone, it is necessary to provide appropriate intervention depending on gender.

Effect of thick insoles on lower extremity muscular activity during squat exercise (정적 스쿼트 운동 시 키 높이 깔창이 하지의 근 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jun-cheol;Baek, Hong-seok
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.337-344
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study men and women 20 to 30 of 16 patients wearing thick insoles 5cm before and after squat exercise based on the angle of the knee joint(0-, 60-, 90-degree) was to observe the muscle activities. For this through the analysis of the rectus femoris EMG, vatus medialis vatus lateralis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius MVIC were quantified using. The results following results were obtained. After wearing the thick insole standing position(0') had increased EMG activity of vastus lateralis muscle, the knee angle is rectus femoris, vatus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius muscles were increased muscle activity. thick insole of the ankle joint, causing plantar flexion forward weight distritbution by focusing is normally the body would lead to an array. When an array of everyday life, these abnormalities increases energy consumption, and muscle fatigue, increase will cause an imbalance in the muscles. Therefore, wearing thick insoles by changing the activity of the muscles may cause knee pain.

Thoracotomy versus Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in Pediatric Empyema

  • Mohajerzadeh, Leily;Lotfollahzadeh, Saran;Vosoughi, Armin;Harirforoosh, Iman;Parsay, Sina;Amirifar, Hesam;Farahbakhsh, Nazanin;Atqiaee, Khashayar
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2019
  • Background: To compare the outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in comparison to open thoracic surgery in pediatric patients suffering from empyema. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 80 patients referred to the Department of Pediatric Surgery between 2015 and 2018. The patients were randomly divided into thoracotomy and VATS groups (groups I and II, respectively). Forty patients were in the thoracotomy group (16 males [40%], 24 females [60%]; average age, $5.77{\pm}4.08years$) and 40 patients were in the VATS group (18 males [45%], 22 females [55%]; average age, $6.27{\pm}3.67years$). There were no significant differences in age (p=0.61) or sex (p=0.26). Routine preliminary workups for all patients were ordered, and the patients were followed up for 90 days at regular intervals. Results: The average length of hospital stay ($16.28{\pm}7.83days$ vs. $15.83{\pm}9.44days$, p=0.04) and the duration of treatment needed for pain relief (10 days vs. 5 days, p=0.004) were longer in the thoracotomy group than in the VATS group. Thoracotomy patients had surgical wound infections in 27.3% of cases, whereas no cases of infection were reported in the VATS group (p=0.04). Conclusion: Our results indicate that VATS was not only less invasive than thoracotomy, but also showed promising results, such as an earlier discharge from the hospital and fewer postoperative complications.

Effects of game-based balance training with constraint-induced movement therapy on lower extremity function and balance confidence levels in women with total knee replacement

  • Choi, Ho-Suk;Shin, Won-Seob
    • Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.8-14
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    • 2019
  • Objective: Degenerative knee arthritis is the most common disease that occurs in older people. Constriction-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been reported to be as an effective treatment for the impairments, such as asymmetric weight-bearing and reduced balance that occurs after receiving a total knee replacement (TKR). Game-based rehabilitation training for persons with TKR is interesting and provides a variety of feedback. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-six subjects with TKR were randomly assigned to either the CIMT game training (n=12), general game training (n=12), or the control (n=12) group. Each group underwent twelve sessions (30 min/d, 3 d/wk for 4 weeks). In the CIMT game training group, the application of CIMT adjusted the weight of the pressure delivered from the two boards used in Wii games. In the general game training group, the game was played without adjusting the weight of pressure. The game training used the Wii Fit's Ski Slalom application. Subjects were assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Results: All three groups showed significant improvements in pain, stiffness and physical function, total WOMAC scores, and ABC scores after the intervention (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed in physical function, total WOMAC scores, and ABC scores of the CIMT game training group compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The CIMT game training and general game training exhibited improvements on stiffness, but the CIMT game training exhibited a larger effect on lower extremity function and balance confidence levels.

Effects of Irradiation on the Muscle Activity Around an Amputation Site During Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Pattern Exercise for Upper Extremity and Scapular Exercise on the Non-Amputated Part -A Case Study- (비 절단부에 적용한 PNF 상지 패턴과 견갑골 움직임에 의한 방산이 절단부 주변 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향 -단일 사례연구-)

  • Choi, Su-Hong;Rhee, Min-Hyung;Ha, Kyung-Jin;Lee, Sang-Yeol
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: This study verifies the muscle activity around the amputation site during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern exercise for the upper extremities on the non-amputated part in upper extremity amputees and provides basic data on effective exercise around an amputation site. Methods: Manual resistance was applied to the PNF upper extremity pattern of the non-amputated part to generate muscle activity around the amputation site. The resistance was adjusted to an intensity that could cause maximal isometric contraction. The muscle activity of the amputation site and the non-amputated part was measured using a surface electromyogram for the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, infraspinatus, serratus anterior, and pectoralis major. Results: During the scapular exercise in the painless range, the amputated side showed significantly lower muscle activity and a lower muscle contraction ratio compared with the non-amputated side. During the PNF pattern exercise in the painless range, the amputated side showed lower muscle activity and a lower muscle contraction ratio compared with the non-amputated side. When the direct scapular exercise of the amputated side was compared with the PNF pattern exercise of the non-amputated side, their muscle contraction ratios were similar. Conclusion: This study confirmed the effectiveness of the PNF pattern exercise of the non-amputated part as a way to indirectly train the injured site with no pain for rehabilitation of patients with serious body injuries, such as amputation. It is necessary to develop effective exercise programs for the rehabilitation of the amputation site based on the results of this study.

Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

  • Hanvold, Therese N.;Kines, Pete;Nykanen, Mikko;Thomee, Sara;Holte, Kari A.;Vuori, Jukka;Waersted, Morten;Veiersted, Kaj B.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.3-20
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    • 2019
  • This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.

A Study on the Adjustment Method of Bicycle Shoe Cleat for Bicycle Fitting System

  • Shon, Gyoung-Hoan
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 2019
  • The nation's fraternity and elite players who have built up a global bicycle infrastructure often find it to be a problem with the bicycle's speed and speed reduction, pain in knees and hip joints, or even with the bike itself, or with the bike's own physical defects or a riding posture. However, we found that most cases of cleat adjustment errors were likely to be true. Accurate adjustment of the cleats is the most important of the entire fitting process and can be the basis for improving the ability of the bicycle rider and preventing injury. Therefore, the study was intended to give a prior study of bicycle fitting, which can improve bicycle efficiency and prevent injury when riding bicycle, and specific ways of adjusting bicycle shoe cleats, and the following results were obtained. First, the cleat characteristics of Shimano, LOOK and Speedplay, which are currently used in public, and the characteristics during the cleat adjustment process, were derived. In addition, the structure and characteristics of dedicated shoes using cleats and the method of using pedalling by the structure of shoes after adjusting the cleats were derived. Second, the position of the shoe and its relationship with torque in pedalling was discussed, and the method of adjusting front and back of cleats was derived. Third, leg length, ASIS, Q-Angle and Q-factor etc. were analyzed and the method of setting and adjusting cleat left and right values were derived. Fourth, the relationship between walking angle and cleat rotation was analyzed, the method was derived, and the torque size and angle behind the cleat adjustment were compared and analyzed using the spinner to indicate the torque and the effective mean torque angle after the cleat adjustment.