• Title/Summary/Keyword: Paddy and upland field

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Effect of Fertilizers on Yield and Storage Quality of Early Maturing Variety in Onion (조생종양파의 수량과 저장성에 미치는 비료의 영향)

  • 권병선
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.145-150
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    • 1997
  • To find out the optimum fertilizer level for onion, early maturing cultivar Fechongjoseng, experiment with four fertilizer levels was conducted of the field of the paddy and upland in Muan and Changyeong from Sep.1993 to Feb.1995. The yield character of onion was higher and rate of the rottenness was lowest under the treatment of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=28-9.5-23Kg/10a in the soil of paddy and upland field of Muan area. But the onion yield was excellent and rate of the rottenness was lowest under the treatments, $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=21-19-17.3Kg/10a, in the soil of paddy field and $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=28-9.5-23Kg/10a, in the soil of upland field of Changyeong area.

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Comparison of Dry Matter Yield, Feed Value and Stock Carrying Capacity at Mixture of Rye, Triticale and Legume in Central Region of Korea (중부지역에서 호밀, 트리티케일과 두과 사료작물 혼파에 따른 생산성, 사료가치 및 가축사육능력 비교)

  • Park, Sang-Soo;Noh, Jin-Hwan;Park, Jun-Hyuk;Yoon, Ki-Yong;Lee, Ju-Sam
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 2012
  • This experiments was conducted to investigate the influence on growth of rye, triticale with legume and investigated their productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity in order to select the appropriate forage species in the central region of Korea. In the results, Rye+Red clover showed 5.2ton/ha of dry matter yield. But there was no significant difference with Triticale+Red clover and Rye in upland field. In paddy field, Rye+Hairy vetch showed 5.2ton/ha, but there was no significant difference with Triticale+Hairy vetch and Rye. Mixture effects with Rye, Triticale and Red clover, Hairy vetch by relative yield were more than 1.00 compared to monoculture, and their mixture effect was recognized in upland and paddy field. Relative feed value was highest in the applications of Triticale mixture in upland and paddy field. The average value of $K_{CP}$ and $K_{TDN}$ showed the highest one as 2.75head/ha/yr in Rye+Red clover in upland field and 2.84head/ ha/yr in Triticale+Hairy vetch in paddy field. According to the results, Rye+Red clover in upland field and Triticale+Hairy vetch in paddy field were considered to be the most appropriate winter forage crops for the central region of Korea in terms of productivity, feed value and stock carrying capacity.

Crop Rotation of the Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) and the Rice in Paddy Field (고려인삼(高麗人蔘)의 답전윤환재배(畓田輪換栽培) 효과(效果))

  • Jo, Jae-Seong;Kim, Choong-Soo;Won, Jun-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 1996
  • The crop rotation of rice and ginseng in paddy field has very important meaning because up-land field suitable for ginseng cultivation is now being insufficient day by day in main ginseng production area. This studies were conducted to define basic problems related to ginseng cultivation and replanting in paddy field. In Keumsan district, the most serious problem on ginseng cultivation in paddy field was excess of mineral salts left behind in the soil of rice cultivation. The amounts of organic matters, CEC and the mineral elements including potassium were higher in the soil of paddy ginseng field compared to those of upland. Plant growth of 3 and 4 year old ginseng and root yield of four year old ginseng cultivated in paddy field of 1st and replanting were not decreased compared to those of 1st - planting of up-land field, but those were significantly decreased in replanted compared to those of first planted upland field. Crop rotation with ginseng and rice in paddy field seemed to be a good way to avoid hazards of continuous cropping of ginseng with it's outyield of root and less infection of diseases. Amounts of crude saponin and ginsenosides of ginseng cultivated in paddy field were not differ from those of upland field.

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Non-Point Source Pollutions of the Youngsan River Basins I - The Method of Land-Use Types and Rainfall - (영산강 수계의 비점오염원에 관한 연구 I - 토지이용 및 강우를 중심으로 -)

  • Cha, Jin Myeong;Shin, Sung Euy;Cha, Gyu Suk
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to estimate the runoff loading characteristics of the non-point source pollutions in the Youngsan river basins by the method of land-use types and rainfall. The lysimeter test, rainfall and stream flowmeter measurement were performed to develop the pollutant loading unit discharged from the non-point sources. As the non-point sources, the unit pollutant discharge rates were different from the land-use types such as paddy field, upland, forest, housing site and others. The pollutant loading units classified by land-use types in the Youngsan river basins are as follows: The total BOD loading rate is 15.3 ton/day and the housing site is discharged 50.6%, the total T-N loading rate is 6.0 ton/day and the paddy field and upland is discharged 77.6%, and the total T-P loading rate is 0.39 ton/day and the paddy field and upland is discharged 81.2%. The pollutant loadings by rainfall in the Youngsan river basins are about 7,425 ton/year of BOD, 324 ton/year of T-N and 118 ton/year of T-P, respectively.

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Influence of Maturity on the Plastid Pigments and Chromatic Characteristics of Paddy Tobacco (연초 수확엽의 숙도가 색채 및 색소물질 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chul-Hwan;Jin, Jeong-Eui;Han, Chul-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 1996
  • Field experiment was conducted to get the basic information about the difference in color and plastid pigments at the different stage of harvest of flue-cured tobacco cultivated in paddy field, and compared to upland ones. All tested crops were primed in lots of 3 to 4 at each priming, beginning at the bottom of the plant. Leaf pigments and chromatic values of tobacco leaves were determined in samples collected at weekly intervals, and according to analyses obtained from 4 stalk positions. By the degree of maturity, leaves harvested were separated with visual characters into four classes of immature, mature, ripe and mellow. regardless of stalk position, chlorophyll contents was higher in the order of immature > mature > ripe > mellow, respectively. In fresh leaves, chlorophyll levels was higher with ascending stalk position. chlorophyll a and b in cured leaves were less than 10% of the amount present at harvest, and it was estimated that maturity condition also influenced the rates of degradation of plastid pigments. Fully mature leaves of upland diverted from paddy field showed slightly higher in chlorophyll contents than in those of upland tobacco ones but somewhat lowered in $L^*$ and $b^*$ values, and there was no difference in $a^*$ value.

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Assessing unit load in farmland by application of liquid manure and organic farming (액비 및 유기농법 적용에 따른 농경지에서의 오염부하 원단위 평가)

  • So, Hyunchul;Jang, Taeil;Hong, Seung-Gil
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 2017
  • National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) has proposed new methodology for estimating unit load in order to overcome the limitations of past unit load based on short-term and local area based data. In the case of agricultural land, however, the results presented by NIER are still limited because of various agricultural activities and farmland characteristics. In this study, liquid manure treated paddy field and organic farming upland were selected for considering agricultural diversity. Four different methods for evaluating unit load were used for comparing previous research results. The results of different methods presented various trends compared with those of existing studies. Paddy field treated liquid manure was 1.3 times higher for T-N load and 3.1 times for T-P load than conventional paddy field. Conventional upland was 4.4 times higher for T-N load and 1.8 times higher for T-P load than organic farming upland. In the case of non-conventional farmland, this study showed different values with the unit loads presented by NIER. This implies that it is necessary to review and apply the unit loads considering various agricultural conditions when establishing environmental policy and rural planning.

Comparison of Growth Characteristics and Compounds of Ginseng Cultivated by Paddy and Upland Cultivation (논 . 밭재배에 따른 인삼의 생육 및 성분 특성 비교)

  • Lee, Sung-Woo;Kang, Seung-Won;Kim, Do-Yong;Seong, Nak-Sul;Park, Hee-Woon
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to investigate the difference of growth characteristics and the content of root chemical components in four years old ginseng by paddy and upland cultivation at farmers' field in Korea. Proportions of silt, clay, liquid phase and porosity were higher in paddy soil than upland soil. The range of liquid phase was $17.5{\sim}19.5%$ in paddy and $7.0{\sim}12.8%$ in upland during growth period. EC and the other contents of OM, $NO_3^-,\;K_2O$, and Mg in paddy soil were higher than those of upland soil, while the contents of $P_2O_5$ and Ca were less than those of upland soil. The levels of chemical components of tested soil exceeded recommended range in EC, $NO_3^-$ and Ca of paddy soil, and in $P_2O_5$ and Ca of upland soil. Stem length, fresh root weight and total dry weight per plant in paddy were greater than those of upland. Root weight in paddy-ginseng showed a great increase on September, while it was not increased in upland because of early defoliation. Net assimilation rate and crop growth rate by paddy and upland cultivation showed distinct differences on May and September, and those of paddy-ginseng were higher than those of upland-ginseng. Yield and ratio of red-colored root showed no significant difference by paddy and upland cultivation, while significant differences were observed in diameter and length of primary root, contents of crude saponin and 50% ethanol extracts of primary root, and water content of root. Hardness of primary root showed no significant difference by paddy and upland cultivation until August, but it showed distinct difference on September, at which the hardness in upland cultivation was drastically decreased.

Breeding and Production Research Direction for Soybean Self-Sufficiency Improvement in Korea

  • Jee-Yeon Ko;Beom-Kyu Kang;Jeong-Hyun Seo;Jun-Hoi Kim;Su-Vin Heo;Man-Soo Choi;Jae-Bok Hwang ;Choon-Song Kim;Myeong-Gyu Oh
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.23-23
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    • 2022
  • Recently, soybean production and market price are unstable, even if demand of soybean is maintained. Diverse conditions such as climate change, a decrease in rural population, and consuming affect food industry. In this situation, food security is soaring as important key-word again, and MAFRA is promoting policies for improving soybean self-sufficiency with the goal of 40% until 2030. The point of policy is to extend a production and stabilize a demand for soybean with supporting large-scale soybean paddy-field complex. According to the background, soybean breeding and production research in NICS are proceeded with three parts. First, production improvement with soybean cultivation land enlargement and high-yield cultivar development. Various growth period soybean cultivars for double cropping, irrigation management technologies in paddy field, and hyper-yield and specific-region adaptable cultivar development. Second, reduction of production expense with mechanized cultivation and digital-based field management technologies. Third, consumer-friendly and high quality soybeans with high protein cultivar for alternative protein usage and high food process-ability for soy milk, tofu, soybean sprouts, and grain usage. Each part need to be combined and advanced to improve soybean industry and soybean self-sufficiency.

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Occurrence and Yield Characteristics of Lepidopteran Insect Pests in Green Maizes and Sorghum Crops between Paddy-upland Rotation and Continuing Upland Fields (유기농 풋옥수수와 수수의 답전윤환밭과 연속밭에서 나방류 해충들의 발생 및 수량 특성)

  • Jo, Hyeong-Chan;Kim, Min-Joon;Yoon, Sung-Tag;Lee, Hee-Kwon;Kim, Soon-Il
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.409-425
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    • 2018
  • Occurrence and yield characteristics of lepidopteran insect pests in both PUR (paddy-upland rotation) and CU (continuing upland) fields for 8 maize (Eolrukchal 1, Heugjeom 2, Miheukchal, Ilmichal, Heukjinjuchal, Chalok 4, Mibaek 2, Daehakchal) and 7 sorghum (Hwanggeumchal, Anzunbaengisusu, Moktaksusu, Sodamchal, DS-202, Nampungchal, Donganme) varieties was surveyed. The population of Ostrinia furnacalis adults showed 3 times highest peaks in 2016. In addition, the damaged ratios of maize and sorghum leaves and stems were increased depending on the growth periods of the crops and those by O. furnacalis larvae were also increased steeply in mid August. The damaged ratios of maizes such as Miheukchal, Eolrukchal 1, Ilmichal, Heugjeom 2, and Mibaek 2 by O. furnacalis larvae were statistically different (P=0.05) between organically managed PUR and CU fields. Except for DS202 among sorghum varieties, the damaged ratios of the other ones were high and similar (50-92%) in the CU field. The ear damaged ratio of maize varieties by lepidopteran larvae including O. furnacalis and Helicoverpa armigera was from 5 to 38% in Chalok 4 and Heukjinjuchal, respectively, and Daehakchal gave relatively higher damage ratio in the PUR field (33%) than in the CU field (14%). The ear ratio of Sodamchal and DS-202 varieties in the PUR field was 94 and 82%, and all sorghum varieties were damaged over 78% by lepidopteran larvae in the CU field. Interestingly, the correlation coefficients between the damaged ratio and invasive pores on their stems by O. furnacalis larvae were positive (maize $r=0.69_{paddy-upland}$, $0.95_{continuing}$; sorghum $r=0.93_{paddy-upland}$, $0.97_{continuing}$, respectively). Additionally, the correlation coefficients between the damaged ratio and the ear weight or the thousand kernel weight (g) of maizes and sorghums by lepidopteran larvae were negative (maize $r=-0.38_{paddy-upland}$, $-0.49_{continuing}$; sorghum $r=-0.70_{paddy-upland}$, $-0.57_{continuing}$, respectively). These results indicate that the focused management on lepidopteran insect pests occurring maizes and sorghums cultivated in PUR and CU fields is an important strategy to secure their yields.

Floristic Study and Conservation Plan on Abandoned Paddy Field Type of Forest Wetlands in Korea

  • Jong-Won Lee;Ho-Geun Yun;Jong-Bin An
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.720-761
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    • 2022
  • This study surveyed the vascular flora present in abandoned paddy field type of 237 forest wetlands in Korea to provide baseline data for conservation, management, and monitoring and to support preparation for damage and climate change. The study period was from April 2015 to November 2021. The vascular flora of 237 forest wetlands by abandoned paddy field type were identified to consist of 128 families, 510 genera, 1,022 species, 27 subspecies, 87 varieties, 10 forma, and 1,146 taxa. 4 taxa were identified as grade II endangered wild plants, 185 taxa were identified as northern lineage plants of the Korean Peninsula, 43 taxa were endemic to the Korean Peninsula, and 58 taxa were rare plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service. Further, 296 taxa were floristic target plants and there were 86 taxa of invasive alien plants. According to wetland preference, 79 taxa (6.9%) were obligate wetland plants, 103 taxa (9.0%) were facultative wetland plants, and 61 (5.3%) taxa were facultative plants. Additionally, 66 taxa (5.8%) were facultative upland plants, and 837 taxa (73.0%) were obligate upland plants.