• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.104-108
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• 2004

논토양에서 축산액비처리에 의한 볏짚 부숙 촉진을 위하여 액비 시용량별로 볏짚에 처리한 후 경운과 무경운을 하여 120일 동안 볏짚의 분해정도를 검토하였다. 볏짚의 분해율은 액비를 증시할 수 록 경운처리가 무경운처리보다 높아 60일 이상 분해가 빨랐다. 볏짚 중 C 함량은 경운처리가 무경운보다 액비증시구에서 감소하였으나, N 함량은 0.7-0.8%로 경운과 무경운 그리고 액비 시용량 사이에 큰 차이가 없었다. 볏짚 중 셀루로스 함량은 액비시용 후 60일째까지 급격히 감소하다가 그 이후 완만한 감소를 보였으며, 액비 시용량이 많을수록 낮은 경향이었다. 토양 중 $NH_4-N$과 $NO_3-N$ 함량은 액비 시용량이 증가할 수 록 경운처리가 무경운처리보다 높았다. 토양 중 셀루로스분해균수는 $10^5cfu\;g^{-1}$이상으로, 경운이 무경운처리보다 많았고 60일경에 가장 많은 경향이었으며 암모니아산화균은 60일째에, 탈질균은 90일째에 경운처리가 무경운보다 액비증시구에서 많았다. 따라서 볏짚에 액비시용 후 경운처리는 미생물의 생장을 증가시켜 볏짚분해에 촉진하는 결과임을 보여주었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.311-317
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• 1983

논토양성분(土壤成分)의 용탈(溶脫)에 미치는 볏짚의 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 논토양(土壤)에 볏짚을 시용(施用)하고 투수조건하(透水條件下)에서 수도(水稻)를 재배(栽培)하면서 침투수중(浸透水中) 용탈성분(溶脫成分)을 분석(分析) 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 석회(石灰)와 고토(苦土)의 용탈(溶脫)은 초기(初期)에는 볏짚시용(施用)의 영향(影響)을 받았고 후기(後期)에는 수도근(水稻根)의 영향(影響)을 받았으며 철(鐵)과 망간의 초기용탈(初期溶脫)은 볏짚시용(施用)에 의(依)한 토양환원(土壤還元) 발달(發達)의 영향(影響)을 받았으나 후기(後期)에는 수도근(水稻根)의 영향(影響)을 크게 받아 증대(增大)되었다. 칼리, $NH_4-N$, 염소(鹽素) 등(等)의 용탈(溶脫)은 볏짚시용(施用)의 영향(影響)이 크지 않았으며 $CO_2$의 용탈(溶脫)은 볏짚의 영향(影響)을 받아 증대(增大)되고 동시(同時)에 수도근(水稻根)의 영향(影響)이 컸다. 침투수중(浸透水中) 용탈(溶脫)되는 양(陽)이온과 음(陰)이온의 양(量)은 대체로 같은 당량비(當量比)였으며 양(陽)이온은 석회(石灰)와 고토(苦土), 철(鐵), 음(陰)이온은 $HCO_3{^-}$과 $SO_4{^{-2}}$이 중요(重要)한 용탈성분(溶脫成分)이었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2000

느타리버섯재배에서 침수조건과 배치재료에 따른 배지내의 수분변화와 느타리버섯 균사생장과의 관계를 확인한 결과 침수시간이 길어질수록 수분함량은 약간씩 증가되었으며, 볏짚부위별 수분흡수량은 상층부가 하층부보다 작았다. 침수시간별 균사생장은 $4{\sim}12$시간에서 양호하게 나타났으며, 상층부보다 하층부의 균사생장이 빠르고, 균사밀도도 높게 나타났다. 침수시간과 볏짚부위별로 처리된 배지에 5종의 느타리버섯 균주의 종균을 접종한 결과 균주간에 어떤 차이는 보이지 않았다. 침수시간이 길어질수록 배지의 pH가 낮아지고, 상층부보다 하층부가 pH가 낮은 경향을 나타냈으며, 침수시간을 달리하여 병원균과 버섯균을 접종하였을 때 침수시간이 길수록 균사의 밀도도 높았고 균사생장 속도도 빨랐다. 볏짚 내에서의 수분이동은 상층부로 쉽게 이동되지 않고, 첨가된 물에 의해 침수된 부위만이 충분한 수분을 흡수할 수 있다. 볏짚종류에서는 햇볏짚보다는 묵은 볏짚이 수분흡수가 빠르고 균일하며 균사생장, 균사밀도에서도 양호하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1047-1050
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• 2010

본 연구는 논토양 비옥도에 대한 예취높이별 볏짚 혼입효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 예취높이별 잔존량은 1,420 kg $ha^{-1}$ (10 cm), 1,850 kg $ha^{-1}$ (15 cm), 2,400 kg $ha^{-1}$ (20 cm)를 나타냈다. 볏짚 혼입으로 토양경도, 용적밀도는 낮아졌고 공극률이 증가하여 토양물리성이 개선되었다. 볏짚 수거로 토양유기물, 유효인산 및 유효규산 함량이 적어지고 양이온치환용량이 낮아졌다. 토양에 볏짚 혼입시 비옥도 감소 폭이 적었고 예취높이별 잔존량이 많을수록 혼입효과가 크게 나타났다. 볏짚혼입에 따라 수수, 영화수 확보가 많고 등숙비율이 높아졌으며 쌀수량은 관행 (3.67 Mg $ha^{-1}$)대비 28~32% 증수되었다. 연구결과 예취방법에 의하여 볏짚을 혼입한 재배기술이 수거에 비하여 쌀수량을 증가시켰고 논토양을 개선하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of three categories of supplements on intake and diet induced difference on degradation of straw substrates. Sixteen crossbred cattle fitted with rumen cannula were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Animals were fed on wheat straw ad libitum without any supplement except mineral mixture (control; $T_1$) or supplemented with concentrate mixture (CS; $T_2$) or green Lucerne (GLS; $T_3$) or urea-molasses block lick (ULS; $T_4$). Total dry matter intake in $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ was increased by 70, 54 and 49%, respectively compared to $T_1$ which was only 1.55 kg/100 kg B.Wt. Other than control animals, straw intake was less on $T_3$ than $T_2$ or $T_4$. In Sacco degradation of untreated and urea treated wheat or paddy straw in different treatments indicated that the supplements had a significant (p<0.01) impact on rapidly soluble (A) and insoluble but potentially degradable (B) fractions of straw. Urea treatment increased fraction-A but, provision of supplement improved fraction-B also. Effective degradation (ED) of OM was better on $T_2$. Rate of degradation (C) of OM and CWC was dependent on diet and type of straw but hemicellulose and cellulose were related to latter factor only. ED of cell wall carbohydrates (CWC) was similar in $T_2$ and $T_4$ but higher than $T_3$. CS was more effective in improving the degradation of both untreated and urea treated straw while ULS was effective on the former only. CS had more impact on superior quality straw while contrary was true with ULS. Although GLS improved intake and degradability of untreated and urea treated straws, its bulkiness affected the straw intake compared to other supplements.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

Rice paddy cultivation is one of the major sources in methane (CH₄) emission of which accurate assessment would be a prerequisite for agricultural greenhouse gas management. Biomass treatment in paddy fields is an important factor that affects CH₄ emissions and thus needs to be taken into account. The objectives of this study were to apply drone images to investigate organic matter practices and to incorporate into the estimation of CH₄ emissions from paddy fields. Three study areas were selected by one from each of the three different regions of Yeongnam, Honam and Jungbu, which are the most active region in paddy cultivation. The eBee drone was used to take images of the study sites twice a year; Jul mid-season for identifying rice cultivation area; Jan for investigating rice straw management and winter crop cultivation. Based on biomass management practices, different emissions factors were assigned on an individual paddy field and CH₄ emmisions were estimated by multiplying respective areas. The ratios of rice straw application and winter crop cultivation were 1.4% and 37.2% in Hapcheon, 1.3% and 19.8% in Gimje, and 0.0% and 0.5% in Dangjin, respectively. The CH₄ emissions estimates for respective sites were 0.40 ton CH₄/year/ha, 0.34 ton CH₄/year/ha, and 0.29 ton CH₄/year/ha. On average, estimated CH₄ emissions of this study were 28.5% less than the current Tier 2 CH₄ emission estimation method.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2014

This research was conducted to estimate methane emission from paddy field of 16 local government levels using the DNDC(DeNitrification-DeComposition) model from 1990 to 2010. Four treatments used in DNDC model for methane emission calculations were (1) midseason drainage with rice straw, (2) midseason drainage without rice straw, (3) continuous flooding with rice straw, and (4) continuous flooding without rice straw. Methane emissions at continuous flooding with rice straw were the highest ($471kg\;C\;ha^{-1}$) while were the lowest ($187kg\;C\;ha^{-1}$) at midseason drainage without rice straw. The average methane emission for 21 years was the highest ($1,406Gg\;CO_{2-eq}$.) in Jeonnam province because of its large cultivation area. Jeju province had the highest the average methane emission per unit area due to the organic content in soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

Farmers with forage barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system at reclaimed tidal lands burn crop residues to facilitate seedbed preparation or remove them for feed stock. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of rice straw amendment and N fertilization on soil properties and N uptake of rice under forage barely-rice cropping system at reclaimed tidal paddy field. Rice straw was applied at the rates of 0, 2.5 and $5.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ and N was fertilized at 0, 100, 200 and $400kg\;ha^{-1}$. Although there was no significant difference in the growth and yield of rice, fresh and dry weight of forage barely increased with increasing the amount of rice straw. The amount of N uptake of rice at harvesting stage was $65.8-69.2kg\;ha^{-1}$ by the amount of rice straw amendment, but there were no significant differences among rice straw amendment levels. After harvesting the rice, the soil salinity decreased with rice straw amendment compared to the control. After forage barely and rice cultivation, soil organic matter contents increased to $2.6-2.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and $3.2-3.5g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The amount of N uptake of rice at harvesting stage increased up to $82kg\;ha^{-1}$ in $400kg\;ha^{-1}$ N applied plots which were $37.8kg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than the control. Nitrogen fertilization decreased N recovery efficiency. The highest yield of rice was observed at $244kg\;ha^{-1}$ N fertilization level, but the optimum N level was estimated at $168kg\;ha^{-1}$ in order to keep the protein content of rice under 6.5%. Further researches on N uptake and application of organic matter according to soil salinity will be necessary to increase N use efficiency at reclaimed tidal paddy field.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1997

맥류 성력 기계파종시 절단된 볏집을 토양 유기물원으로 환원함에 따른 맥류의 생육특성 및 토양환원 변화를 구명하고자 일련의 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보리 재배시 볏짚을 토양에 투여할 경우 종자를 볏짚 밑부분에 파종하면 토양입자와 종자가 접착하게 되어 볏짚 윗부분에 종자를 파종한 경우보다 파종후 출현율이 11％ 향상되었다. 2. 볏짚을 유기물원으로 이용할 경우 퇴비시용품보다 월동전 초기생육은 부진했으나 내도복성과 천입종이 증대되었으며, 보리는 8％, 맥주보리는 20％ 각각 증수되었다. 3. 토양에 투여된 볏짚의 조기 부숙화를 위해 질소비료를 표준량보다 25％ 증비하거나, 석회 및 규산을 시용해줌으로써 볏짚 부숙율을 2∼6.9％ 높일 수 있었다. 4. 맥주보리 재배시 볏짚의 토양환원으로 천입종 및 정입율은 향상되었고, 종실의 조단백질 함량은 감소하여 곡립의 원맥 품질이 크게 향상되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.857-868
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• 2019

A flooded rice field is one of the significant sources of anthropogenic methane (CH₄) with the intensity of the emissions dependent on management practices. Incorporation of rice straw, which is one of the organic amendments, induces the increase of methane emissions during the flooding season. In this study, we measured of methane emission according to applications of rice straw in different soil textures during a cultivation period in 2017 and 2018. The fallow treatments were non application of rice straw (NA), spring plowing after spring spreading of rice straw (SPSA), spring plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (SPAA), and autumn plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (APAA). The SPSA treatment emitted the highest total methane from loam soil in both 2017 (596.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (795.4 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The same trend was observed in silt clay loam soil; the SPSA treatment still emitted the highest amount of methane in both 2017 (845.9 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (1,071.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The lowest emission among the rice straw incorporated plots came from the APAA treatment for both soil texture types in all the seasons. The conversion factors of the SPAA were 0.79 and 0.65 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. Relatedly, the conversion factors of the APAA were 0.71 and 0.43 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. The above observations mean therefore that incorporation of rice straw early in the fallow reduces methane emissions in the main rice growing season.