• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

Purpose of the radio-therapy is maximize the radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to the critical organ. Carcinoma of the uterine cervix treatment are external irradiation or an interstitial brachtheraphy make use of isotope. Brachytherapy is a method of radiotherapy in advantage to achieve better local control with minimum radiation toxicity in comparison with external irradiation because radiation dose is distributed according to the inverse square low of gamma-ray emitted from the implanted sources. Authors make use of the patients data which 192Ir gives medical treatment intrcavity. Intracavitary radiation of the uterine cervix cancer, critical organ take $20\%$ below than exposure dose of A point in the ICRU report. None the less of the advice, Radiation proctitis and radiation cystitis are frequent and problematic early complications in patients treated with radiation for the uterine cervix cancer. In brachytherapy of uterine cervical cancer using a high dose rate remote afterloading system, it is of prime importance to deliver a accurate dose in each fractionated treatment by minimizing the difference between the pre-treatment planned and post-treatment calculated doses. Use of packing to reduce late complications intracavitary radiation of the uterine cervix cancer. Bladder and rectum changes exposure dose rate by radiotherphy make use of packing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.617-622
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• 2009

Purpose: Endoscopic transnasal correction of the blowout fractures has many advantages over other techniques. But after removal of packing material, there were some patients with recurrence of preoperative symptoms. Authors tried to make a quantitative anterograde analysis of orbital volume change over whole perioperative period which might be related with recurrence of preoperative symptoms. Methods: 10 patients with pure medial wall fracture(Group I) and 10 patients with medial wall fracture combined with fracture of orbital floor(Group II) were selected to evaluate the final orbital volume change, who took 3 CT scans, pre-, postoperative and 4 months after packing removal. By multiplying cross - section area of orbit in coronal view with section thickness, orbital volume were calculated. Then, mean orbital volume increment after trauma, mean orbital volume decrement after endoscopic correction and volume increment after packing removal were found out. And we tried to find correlations between type of fracture, initial correction rate and final correction rate. Results: The mean orbital volume increment of the fractured orbits were 7.23% in group I and 13.69% in group II. After endoscopic surgery, mean orbital volume decrement were 11.0% in group I and 12.46% in group II. Mean volume increment after packing removal showed 3.10% in group I and 6.50% in group II. The initial correction rate(%) showed linear correlation with final correction rate(%) after packing removal. And there were negative linear correlation between increment percentage of orbital volume by fracture and final correction rate(%). Conclusion: Orbital volume was proved to be increasing after removal of packing or foley catheter and it was dependent upon type of fracture. Overcorrection should be done to improve the final result of orbital blowout fracture especially when there are severe fracture is present.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.4B
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• pp.278-287
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an allocation scheme for variable message packings to increase efficiency of military operation using Link-16 which is well-known for tactical data link by delivering imagery information rapidly. We propose a variable message packing scheme using COC waveform to support variable data rate under some coverage limitation. Variety of message packing makes Link-16 vary transmission rate appropriately for tactical environment. We also propose a allocation scheme to assign message packing to time slot properly. Finally we verify the performance and superiority of proposed ideas by simulations.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.571-577
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• 2006

The characteristics of ice packing factor (IPF) at the ice slurry system using one line type are compared with the system using two lines type. The installation space for one transporting line is saved at the one line system. For the one line type, the ice packing factor is reduced along the downstream, but for the two lines type, the ice packing factor is fixed. For the one line system, mass flow rate in the main line is fixed along the down-stream, but for two lines system, the mass flow rate in the main line is reduced along the downstream. For one line system, along the down stream after IPF=0, the temperature at the main steam is increased, and the extracted mass flow is increased. The initial IPF, at which the IPF is not arrived at zero upto the final node, is proposed for the B area.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1553-1560
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• 2008

The modern logistics has tried not only to convert the conventional packing system into unit load system using pallet but also to enhance the fitness between packing facilities and transport modes. This is based on the goal to reduce total logistics cost using logistics efficiency. Because the packing unit can affect on both loading rate and loading facilities, the basic form of packing unit is very important to the unit load system. In Korea, the standardization of logistics has been centered on pallet, and the basic condition will be continued except of the variety of standardized pallet form. Because of this, to enhance the standardization of pallet, it is necessary to develop new standard size and form of pallet. The object of this study is to develop a new method of collecting the effectiveness of standardized packing module. The new method is based on measure of effectiveness (MOE) which can be developed by expert survey. This study has originality from the fact that the collecting method for effectiveness of pallet standardization has not been developed up to now.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.111-114
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• 2005

Experimental and numerical studies were carried out in order to investigate the processability and the transcriptability of the injection molding of micro structures. For this purpose, we designed a mold insert having micro rib patterns on a relatively thick base part. Mold insert has a base of 2mm thickness, and has nine micro ribs on that base plate. Width and height of the rib are $300{\mu}m\;and\;1200{\mu}m$, respectively. We found a phenomenon similar to 'race tracking', due to 'hesitation' in the micro ribs. As the melt flows, it starts to cool down and melt front located in the ribs near the gate cannot penetrate further because the flow resistance is large in that almost frozen portion. When the base is totally filled, the melt front away from the gate is not frozen yet. Therefore, it flows back to the gate direction through the ribs. Consequently, transcriptability of the rib far from the gate is better. We also verified this phenomenon via numerical simulation. We further investigated the effects of processing conditions, such as flow rate, packing time, packing pressure, wall temperature and melt temperature, on the transcriptability. The most dominant factor that affects the flow pattern and the transcriptability of the micro rib is flow rate. High flow rate and high melt temperature enhance the transcriptability of micro rib structure. High packing time and high packing pressure result in insignificant dimensional variations of the rib. Numerical simulation also confirms that low flow rate causes a short shot of micro ribs and high wall temperature helps the filling of the micro ribs.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 1993

From September 1985 through September 1989,56 patients with stage IIIB carcinoma of the cervix were treated with radiation therapy with curative aim. The overall survival at 5 year was $38{\%}$. The survival rate was better for patients treated with combined external radiotherapy and high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy than with external radiotherapy alone. No significant survival difference was observed between the unilateral and bilateral parametrial extension of the tumor Seventeen patients experienced recurrence within the irradiated field with a loco-regional recurrence rate of $30{\%}$. Ten patients had complications ($18{\%}$). The complications were mild in three, moderate in four, and severe in three patients. A study was made on the relationship between the fraction numbers of intracavitary radiotherapy, vaginal packing and the complication rate, respectively. In this analysis author observed that the significant treatment factor influencing the survival of cervical cancer was the use of intracavitary radiation, and meticulous vaginal packing could decrease the late complication rate of radiotherapy of cervical cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.130-137
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• 1996

In the present paper the effect of various process conditions on the final weight of injection molded rectangular plates has been investigated in detail. The main parameters involved in the simulations were melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed and packing pressure. The dimensions of the plate used were 100mm long, 2mm of width and polystyrene was used as a molding material. The shear viscosity of the polymeric material was treated as a function of shear rate, temperature and pressure through the whole processes including packing and cooling stages. By increasing a packing pressure the final weight of sample increased linearly. Furthermore, as the melt temperature, the mold temperature and the injection speed increased, the final weight of the injection molded plate decreased within the molding window.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

In this study, the variation of the shrinkage in the thickness direction of the molded parts according to the gate size of the polymer core fabricated through the 3D printer using the SLS method was studied. The polymer cores are laser sintered and the powder material is nylon base PA2200. The polymer cores have lower heat transfer rate and rigidity than the metal core due to the characteristics of the material. Therefore, the injection molding test conditions are set to minimize the deformation of the core during the injection process. The resin used in the injection molding test is a PP material. The packing condition was set to 80, 90 and 100% of the maximum injection pressure for each gate size. The runner diameter used was ∅3mm, and the gates were fabricated in semicircle shapes with cross sections 1, 2, and 3 ㎟, respectively. Thickness measurement was performed for 10 points at 2.5 mm intervals from the point 2.5 mm away from the gate, and the shrinkage to thickness was measured for each point. The shrinkage rate according to the gate size tends to decrease as the cross-sectional area decreases as the maximum injection pressure increases. The average thickness shrinkage rate was close to 0% when the packing pressure was 90% for the gate area of 1mm2. When the holding pressure was set to 100%, the shrinkage was found to decrease by 3% from the standard dimension due to the over-packing phenomenon. Therefore, the smaller the gate, the more closely the molded dimensions can be molded due to the high pressure generation. It was confirmed that precise packing process control is necessary because over-packing phenomenon may occur.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.562-568
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• 2008

The modern logistics has tried not only to convert the conventional packing system into unit load system using pallet but also to enhance the fitness between packing facilities and transport modes. This is based on the goal to reduce total logistics cost by improving logistics efficiency. Since the packing unit can affect both loading rate and loading facilities, basic form of packing unit is very important to unit load system. The object of this study is to develop a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of standardized packing module. The new method is based on measure of effectiveness (MOE) which are identified by expert survey. This study has originality in that the collecting method for effectiveness of standardized packing module has not been developed up to now.