• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 제17회 워크샵 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.267-275
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• 2005

차세대 재생산성 에너지로 각광을 받고 있는 바이오디젤은 현재 주로 알칼리촉매를 이용하는 화학공정으로 생산하고 있으나 고에너지 요구성이며 대규모 생산시 폐수발생 등 환경오염 유발요인이 있기 때문에 친환경 생물공정의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 생물촉매 리파제(lipase)를 이용하는 친환경 생물공정은 화학공정에 비해 다양한 장점을 제공하고 있으나 고가의 효소생산 비용문제로 실용화에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저비용의 생물학적 바이오디젤 생산 시스템 구축을 위해 고활성의 효소 개발, 경제적 재조합 대량생산, 반복 재사용을 위한 효소고정화 등을 통해 고효율의 생산반응계를 개발하였다. 우선 바이오디젤 생산공정에 적합한 리파제로서 CalB(Lipase B of Candida antarctica)를 선택하고 분자 진화기술을 이용하여 효소활성을 17배 향상시킨 CalB14를 개발하였다. CalB14를 효모 발현시스템을 이용하여 경제적 대량생산하기 위해 단백질분비를 획기적으로 개선할 수 있는 맞춤형 분비융합합인자기술(TFP technology)을 이용하여 재조합 CalB를 2 grams/liter 수준으로 분비생산하였다. 생산된 효소를 반복 재사용이 가능하도록 다양한 레진에 고정화하였고 최적의 바이오디젤 전환반응용 고정화효소를 개발하였다. 고정화효소를 효율적으로 재사용하기 위해 바이오디젤 생산용 고정상반응기(packed-bed reactor)를 제작하였으며 기질을 12시간내에 95% 이상 바이오디젤로 수십회 이상 반복전환할 수 있는 경제적인 생물학적 바이오디젤 전환 시스템을 구축하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2008

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) has a higher fuel flexibility than low temperature fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell(PEMFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell(PAFC). SOFCs also use CO and $CH_4$ as a fuel, because SOFCs are hot enough to allow the CH4 steam reformation(SR) reaction and water-gas shift(WGS) reaction occur within the SOFC stack itself. Diesel is a good candidate for SOFC system fuel because diesel reformate gas include a higher degree of CO and $CH_4$ concentration than other hydrocarbon(methane, butane, etc.) reformate gas. Selection of catalyst for autothermalr reforming of diesel was performed in this paper, and characteristics of reforming performance between packed-bed and microchannel catalyst are compared for SOFC system. The mesh-typed microchannel catalyst also investigated for diesel ATR operation for 1kW-class SOFC system. 1kW-class diesel microchannel ATR was continuously operated about 30 hours and its reforming efficiency was achieved nearly 55%.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.434-439
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• 2005

소성 Dolomite 입자 충전층 반응기내에 전열(구리)핀을 설치한 경우의 수화 반응시 수증기 도입과 동시에 수화 반응이 진행되었고, 반응열에 의한 온도 상승 후 반응기 아래쪽부터 온도 강하가 시작됨을 알 수 있었다. 반응은 관벽과 전열핀쪽에서 시작하여 핀과 핀 사이의 블록 중심으로 진행하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 소성 Dolomite 입자 충전층 반응기내에 전열핀을 설치하지 않은 경우보다 전열핀을 설치한 결과 입자 충전층 수화반응 시간이 1/2 정도 줄어드는 전열 촉진효과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.192-195
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• 2009

We present a case of an acute psoas muscle hematoma following percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy. A 60-year-old female who presented with far lateral lumbar disc herniation underwent endoscopic discectomy on the right side at the L4-5 level. On the second postoperative day, the patient complained of severe right flank and leg pain and her blood pressure decreased. A computed tomography scan showed a large acute psoas muscle hematoma at right L4-5 level. The patient was transfused with packed red blood cells and placed at absolute bed rest. After observing the patient in intensive care, the severe flank and leg pain subsided, but the mild back pain persisted. Although percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is an effective minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, this case highlights the inherent risks of acute lumbar segmental vessel injury.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.524-533
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• 2003

DBD(Dielectric Barrier Discharge) plasma in air is well established for the production of large quantities of ozone and is more recently being applied to aftertreatment processes for HAPs(Hazardous Air Pollutants). Aim of this work is to determine design and operating parameters of a hybrid air cleaning system. DBD and ESP(Electrostatic Precipitator) are used as nano particle charger and collector, respectively. Pelletized MnO$_2$ catalyst or activated carbon is used fer ozone decomposition or adsorption material. AC voltage of 7～10 KV(rms) and 60 Hz is used as DBD plasma source. DC - 8 KV is applied to the ESP for particle collection. The overall particle collection efficiency for the hybrid system is over 85 % under 0.64 m/s face velocity. Ozone decomposition efficiency with pelletized MnO$_2$ catalyst or activated carbon packed bed is over 90 % when the face velocity is under 0.4 m/s in dry air.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제6권
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• pp.19-31
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• 1986

The residence time distribution of liquid flow in a 4.0cm diameter column packed with porous $Al_2O_3$ spheres of 0.37cm diameter were measured with pulse injections of a tracer under cocurrent trickling flow conditions. The mean residence time of liquid flow and liquid hold-up calculated by the transient curve of tracer were unaffected by gas flow rates under experimental ranges of liquid flow rates from 2.4 to $4.5(kg/m^2\;sec)$ and gas flow rates from 0 to $0.13(kg/m^2\;sec)$. The axial dispersion coefficient of liquid stream and apparent diffusivity of tracer in a micropore of solid particle were estimated from the response curve of tracer. The calculated Peclet No. were increased in ranges of 68-to 82 with a increasing of liquid mass velocity, and the external effective contacting efficiency between liquid and solid which can be expressed. by $(D_i)_{app}/D_i$ varied in ranges of 0.54 to 0.68 depending on the liquid flow rates. The gas to liquid(water) volumetric mass transfer coefficient were determined from desorption experiments with oxygen at $25^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. The measured mass transfer coefficients were increased with liquid flow rates and the effect of gas flow rates on the mass transfer coefficient was insignificant.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2000

A kinetic study for nitrate removal by anion exchange resin was performed using continuous column reactors. Kinetic approach from the packed bed showed the reaction rate constant k$_1$ was 0.07~0.17 $\ell$/mgㆍhr and maximum exchange quantity q$_{o}$ was 27.75~31.81 mg/g. The results from the continuous column well agreed with that from the batch reactor. An economic analysis of the water treatment plant by anion exchange resin with a regenerating system was performed to design plant and process. Based on the treatment of 20 mg/$\ell$ nitrate-contained wastewater of 10,000 gallons per day to 2 mg/$\ell$, total capital cost and total annual cost are estimated to be 836 million wons and 211 million wons, respectively.y.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 1997

The biosorption and desorption of Cr, Cu and Al were carried out using brown marine algae Sargassum fluitans biomass, known as the good biosorbent of heavy metals. The content of alginate bound to light metals could be changed by physical and chemical pretreatment. The maximum uptake of Cr, Cu and Al was independent of the alginate content. The maximum uptaker of Al was two times(mole basis) than those of Cu and Cr. The aluminum-alginate complex was found in the sorption solution of raw and protonated biomass. Most of Cu, Al and light metals sorbed in the biomass were eluted at pH 1.1. However, only 5 to 10% of Cr sorbed was eluted at pH 1.1. The stoiceometric ion exchange between Cu and Ca ion was observed on Cu biosorption with Ca-loaded biomass. A part of Cr ion was bound to biomass as Cr(OH)2+ or Cr(OH)2+. Al was also bound to biomass as multi-valence ion and interfered with the desorbed Ca ion. The behavior of raw S. fluitans in ten consecutive sorption-desorption cycles has been investigated in a packed bed flow-through-column during a continuous removal of copper from a 35 mg/L aqueous solution at pH 5. The eluant used was a 1%(w/v) CaCl2/HC solution at pH 3.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.646-650
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• 1994

Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 was immobilized on various alginate gel beads, Celites, and polyurethane foam cubes, and the comparisons were made for the production of itaconic acid according to the types and sizes of each carrier. The levels of itaconic acid produced from Ca- alginate and Sr-alginate were similar, and the addition of bentonite to Ca- and Sr-alginate resulted in an increase of itaconic acid. The addition of 1.67% bentonite and 0.33% starch to Sr-alginate (SABS bead) produced higher level of itaconic acid (11.59 g/1) than other gel beads. A decrease in the size of Celite increased the itaconic acid production, and the smallest size of Celites, R- 634, produced 6.37 g/l of itaconic acid. Among various types of polyurethane foam cubes, HR 08 (2X2X2 cm) produced about 19 g/l of itaconic acid, which was more efficient than other carriers. In a repeated batch culture using immobilized cells on polyurethane foam cubes (HR 08, 2X2X2 cm), the stability of itaconic acid production was maintained up to 4 batches. Also, the possibility of itaconic acid production by continuous culture was shown in a packed-bed reactor.

• 청정기술
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2002

동을 담지한 모더나이트를 이용하여 고정층 연속흐름 반응기에서 NO 분해와 CO에 의한 NO 환원을 실시하였다. NO 분해에서는 많은 동함량에서 $Cu^{\circ}/HM$이 CuO/HM보다 높은 분해 활성을 나타내었다. 이것은 $Cu^{\circ}/HM$과 CuO/HM에 존재하는 $Cu^{2+}$이온의 양과 CuO의 환원성 등의 차이에 관련된다고 보인다. NO 환원에서는 적은 동함량에서 Cuo/HM이 CuO/HM보다 높은 환원 활성을 나타내었다. 이것은 $Cu^{\circ}/HM$과 CuO/HM에 존재하는 CuO의 환원성과 입자 크기 등의 차이에 관련된다고 보인다.