• Title/Summary/Keyword: Packed Bed

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Removal of Amaranth by Activated Carbon Adsorption (활성탄 흡착에 의한 Amaranth의 제거)

  • Lee, Jong-Jib;Yoon, Sung-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2009
  • The adsorption characteristics of amatanth by granular activated carbon were experimently investigated in the batch adsorber and the packed column. The adsorptivity of activated carbon for amaranth were largely improved by pH control, and 94 percent of initial concentration(100mg/L) could be removed at pH 9. It was estabilished that the adsorption equilibrium of amaranth on granular activated carbon was sucessfully fitted by Freundlich isotherm equation in the concentration range from 1mg/L to 100mg/L. The characteristics of breakthrough curve of activated carbon packed column, which depend on the design variables such as initial concentration, bed height, and flow rate, were studied.

Production of High Fructose Syrup by Flocculated Actinoplanes missouriensis KCTC 1780 (Actinoplanes missouriensis KCTC 1780의 응집 균체에 의한 과당생산)

  • 조정일
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.268-275
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    • 1993
  • The whole cells of Actinoplanes missouriensis KCTC 1780 which produce glucose isomerase was immobillized by flocculation method for the effective production of high fructose syrup using packed-bed bioreactor system. Among the flocculation methods used In this study, the glucose Isomerase activity of flocculated cells using 5% polyethylenimmine and 0.2% glutaraldehyde was the highest as 46.3 unit, and the flocculant was 10.3g(wet weight) per 100m1 of broth, and the residual activity was 92.5%. In the batch operation of glucose isomerization using the flocculated cells, the optimum pH, temperature and isomerization ratio were 7.0, 75$^{\circ}C$ and 31%, respectively. The optimum concentration of Mg2+ which was activator on the glucose isomerization of flocculated cells was 0.1M, and glucose isomerase activity was increased by about 40% compared to none of Mg2+. In the packed-bed bioreactor system with 1.2 hour of residence time at 7$0^{\circ}C$, the reaction stability maintained until 96 hour without toss of activity, and the equilibrium was kept up to 120 hours of the operation.

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Continuous Production of Fructo-oligosaccharides by Immobilized Cells of Aureobasidium pullulans

  • Yun, Jong-Won;Jung, Kyung-Hoon;Jeon, Yeong-Joong;Lee, Jae-Heung
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.98-101
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    • 1992
  • Continuous production of fructo-oligosaccharides employing a packed bed reactor charged with immobilized cells of Aureobasidium pullulans was investigated. The optimum conditions for reactor operation were a feed concentration of 860 g/l; a feed rate, expressed as superficial space velocity of $0.2\;h^{-1}$, and a temperature of $50^\circ{C}$. Under these optimum conditions, the productivity of the reactor was $180\;g/l\cdot{h}$. Initial activity was maintained for more than 100 days. The reactor was successfully scaled up to a production scale of 1000l.

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Heat Storage in a packed Bed (충전층내에서 축열에 따른 열전달)

  • Choi, Kyung-Jin;Ro, Sung-Tack
    • The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.13-19
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    • 1978
  • An experiment has been performed of find a temperature distribution of the circulating fluid in a packed bed thermal storage system when the inlet fluid temperature is constant. The thermal storage system is a specific-heat type in which the circulating fluid, hot air, exchanges heat directly with the heat storage materials, glass balls, in a heat storage bin. An empirical equation which includes two dimensionless variables $t^*\;and\;T_f^*$, is obtained. Also, heat storage efficiency and heat storage capacity are calculated from this equation, The heat transfer coefficient calculated by the suggested equation was compared with the value determined by the existing empirical equation.

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Research on Remediation of Trichloroethylene using Zero Valent Iron Bipolar Packed Bed Electrodes (영가철 충진 복극전해조를 이용한 TCE 정화기법에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Yu-Ri;Shin, Ja-Won;Park, Joo-Yang
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.32 no.1B
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 2012
  • Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) using zero valent iron (ZVI, $Fe^0$) is a promising technology for in-situ remediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) forming dense non aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). The objective of this study is to develop an enhanced treatment method of trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater using ZVI packed bed with direct current (D.C.). A column experiment was performed to investigate degradation efficiency of TCE that was performed in three different combination of control (only sand), ZVI column (ZVI:sand, packing ratio 1:2(v/v)) and bipolar column (ZVI:sand=1:2(v/v) with electric current) in the test columns. As the results of this study, the degradation efficiency of TCE was improved with simultaneous application of both bipolar column compared to that used ZVI column. Because ZVI particles are isolated and individual particles act like small electrodes. In this experiment, it was indicated a basic material for application of bipolar packed bed as electro-PRBs that was effective degradation of TCE.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SULFUR UTILIZING AUTOTROPHIC DENITRIFICATION IN AN UP-FLOW PACKED-BED REACTOR BASED ON BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION

  • Park, Woo-Shin;Ahn, Yoeng-Hee;Jung, Kyung-Ja;Tatavarty, Rameshwar;Kim, In-S.
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.191-198
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    • 2005
  • A novel technology for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, an autotrophic denitrification process with sulfur particles, has been developed. A respirometer was employed to monitor the nitrogen gas produced in the reactor, while 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was employed to investigate the biomass distribution in terms of cell number according to the reactor height. From the respirometric monitoring, the denitrification reaction was defined as a first order reaction. The reactor was divided into 7 sections and biomass was analyzed in each section where cell number was ranged from $4.8\;{\times}\;10^6\;to\;8.7\;{\times}\;10^7$ cells/g dry weight of sulfur. Cells placed mostly in the lower layer ( < 10 cm of height). A function for biomass distribution was obtained with non-linear regression. Then a mathematical model has been developed by combining a plug-flow model with the biomass distribution function. The model could make a vertical profile of the up-flow packed-bed reactor resulting in a reasonable comparison with measured nitrate concentration with 5% of error range.

Feasibility Study on Long-Term Continuous Ethanol Production from Cassava Supernatant by Immobilized Yeast Cells in Packed Bed Reactor

  • Liu, Qingguo;Zhao, Nan;Zou, Yanan;Ying, Hanjie;Liu, Dong;Chen, Yong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.1227-1234
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    • 2020
  • In this study, yeast cell immobilization was carried out in a packed bed reactor (PBR) to investigate the effects of the volumetric capacity of carriers as well as the different fermentation modes on fuel ethanol production. An optimal volumetric capacity of 10 g/l was found to obtain a high cell concentration. The productivity of immobilized cell fermentation was 16% higher than that of suspended-cell fermentation in batch and it reached a higher value of 4.28 g/l/h in repeated batches. Additionally, using this method, the ethanol yield (95.88%) was found to be higher than that of other tested methods due to low concentrations of residual sugars and free cells. Continuous ethanol production using four bioreactors showed a higher productivity (9.57 g/l/h) and yield (96.96%) with an ethanol concentration of 104.65 g/l obtained from 219.42 g/l of initial total sugar at a dilution rate of 0.092 h-1. Furthermore, we reversed the substrate-feed flow directions in the in-series bioreactors to keep the cells at their highest activity and to extend the length of continuous fermentation. Our study demonstrates an effective method of ethanol production with a new immobilized approach, and that by switching the flow directions, traditional continuous fermentation can be greatly improved, which could have practical and broad implications in industrial applications.

Effect of heating temperature to remove NOx by sludge pellet (Sludge Pellet의 NOx제거특성에 미치는 온도의 영향)

  • Kim, Young-Ju;Park, Jae-Yoon;Park, Hong-Jae;Song, Won-Seob;Park, Sang-Hyun;Bae, Myung-Whan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.922-926
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, in order to investigate the catalytic effect of the sludge exhausted from waterworks as heating temperature for NOx removal, we measure NO, $NO_2$ concentration as increasing temperature of sludge pellets and applying high voltage to sludge pellets in a quartz-glass reactor at the same time. NO initial concentration is 100ppm balanced with air gas in a mixing chamber. The gas flow is 5[l/min] and the heating temperature of sludge pellets in a quartz-glass reactor is adjusted from $200[^{\circ}C]$ $400[^{\circ}C]$ to investigate the effect of sludge pellets for removal NOx$(NO+NO_2)$ as increasing temperature. $BaTiO_3$ pellets is filled in a packed-bed reactor for corona discharge to measure how much NOx$(NO+NO_2)$ is removed after generating $NO_2$ from the packed-bed reactor. AC[60Hz] voltage is supplied to the reactor for discharge. In the result, $NO_2$ concentration is decreased by sludge pellets without heating temperature for sludge pellets in case of sludge pellets done heat treatment, however NO concentration is almost the same to be compared NO initial concentration. As increasing heating temperature for sludge pellets, $NO_2$ adsorbed on the sludge surface done heat treatment is converted to NO by the thermal energy, so NO concentration is extremely increased by reduction decomposition of $NO_2$. Finally, We think the sludge is possible to use for reduction catalysts, however we need to study more about the possibility and endurance of sludge as catalysts for NOx removal.

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Removal of Low Concentration Ammonia Nitrogen using a Packed Bed Bioreactor Immobilized with Nitrifier Consortium (질화세균을 고정화한 충전층 생물반응기에서 저농도 암모니아성 질소 제거)

  • Lee, Chang-Keun;Kim, Byong-Jin;Lee, Min-Su;Kim, Yong-Ha;Suh, Kuen-Hack
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.13 no.1 s.36
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2007
  • This study estimated the effect of hydraulic residence time(HRT), influent total ammonia nitrogen(TAN) concentration, temperature and pH in the packed-bed bioreactor using immobilized nitrifiers. Removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was increased with decreasing HRT and the optimum HRT was 0.2 hour when influent TAN was $2g/m^3$. At this point, removal rate was $226.1\;g/m^3{\cdot}day$ and removal efficiency was 88.8%. Removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was Increased with increasing TAN concentration. Removal rate and efficiency of ammonia nitrogen were kept constant at $20{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ and pH $8{\sim}9$ value.

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Continuous Production of Transglucosylated Steviosides Using Immobilized Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase (고정화 Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase에 의한 당전이 스테비오사이드의 연속생산)

  • In, Man-Jin;Chae, Hee-Jeong;Kim, Min-Hong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.969-973
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    • 1997
  • In order to produce transglucosylated steviosides continuously, some types of bioreactors were investigated with cyclodextrin glucanotransferase immobilized on a high porous anion exchange resin, Diaion HPA75. Among the bioreactors, the packed-bed reactor (PBR) showed the highest specific productivity. The effect of linear velocity in a PBR on the stevioside conversion was not significant in the range of $10{\sim}60\;cm/hr$ at the same space velocity of $1.2\;hr^(-1)$. When the space velocity of bioreactor was varied from 0.2 to $1.1\;hr^{-1}$, the optimal velocity of substrate solution was determined as $0.7\;hr^(-1)$. The stevioside conversion of more than 70% was maintained during 20 days in the continuous operation, if about 20% of immobilized enzyme was replaced in the top of reactor after two weeks operation as the one of the control methods in bioreactor. The specific production, which refers to as the amount of commercially valuable transglucosylated steviosides produced by a unit amount of immobilized cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, was found to be ca. 150g product/g immobilized enzyme.

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