• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2013

Physical characteristics of PA (Polyamide) gill net and biodegradable gill net made by PBS (Polybutylene succinate) (mesh size 63mm, mesh thickness number 2, 2.5, 3) were analyzed to investigate catching efficiency of the biodegradable gill net for Pacific herring. Total 11 numbers of catching efficiency tests were carried out using commercial fishing vessel at Imwon port in Kangwon province from May to June 2013. The amount of catches were 1,535.7kg (18 species) through the catching efficiency tests and it is expected that the practicalization of biodegradable gillnet is possible because there is no difference for catches between PA gillnet and PBS gillnet. Catches of herring according to the thickness of net twine was the highest at No.2 and the thicker net twine tends to decrease the catches.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2007

Based on a time series of ocean climate indices and catch records for seven pelagic fish species in the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) and Kuroshio-Oyashio Current (KOC) regions from 1910 to 2004, we detected regional synchrony in the long-term fluctuations of the fish populations and identified alternation patterns of dominant species related to climate shifts. The annual catches of Pacific herring, Japanese sardines, Japanese anchovies, jack mackerel, chub mackerel, Pacific saury and common squid in the TWC region fluctuated in phase with those in the KOC region, which suggests that they were controlled by the same basin-wide climate forcing. After the collapse of the herring fishery, the alternation sequence was: sardines (1930s), Pacific saury, jack mackerel, common squid and anchovies ($1950s{\sim}1960s$), herring ($late\;1960s{\sim}early\;1970s$), chub mackerel (1970s) and then sardines (1980s). As sardine biomass decreased in the late stages of the cool regime, catch of the other four species increased immediately during the warm period of the 1990s. Regional differences in the amplitude of long-term catch fluctuations for the seven pelagic fishes could be explained by regional differences in availability, fishing techniques and activity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2017

This study examined chemical characterization in commercial dark-fleshed fish (mackerel Scomber japonicus, Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii) to determine their suitability for use as raw materials for seafood products. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), heavy metal, radioactivity, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), benzo[a]pyrene, and histamine concentrations were measured. The VBN in all of the dark-fleshed fish was less than 20 mg/100 g, which is the limit for raw materials for seafood processing. Except for mackerel based on the lead (Pb) standards of the European Union (EU), Taiwan, and CODEX, and all fish based on the cadmium (Cd) standards for China and the EU, the commercial dark-fleshed fish were free from total mercury (Hg), Pb, and Cd based on domestic and foreign standards. The radioactivity, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), benzo[a]pyrene, and histamine concentrations of the commercial dark-fleshed fish all adhered to the domestic and foreign standards. The commercial dark-fleshed fish tested could all be used as raw materials for seafood products, except for some exported products.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

Time series of ocean climate indices and catch records were used to identify the alternation patterns of pelagic fish populations in relation to climate regime shifts. During 1910-2008, an orderly alternation of dominant pelagic fish groups was observed in the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC; Yellow Sea-East China Sea-East Sea/Japan Sea) and Kuroshio-Oyashio Current (KOC; Northwestern Pacific) regions. After the collapse of herring fishery in the late 1920s, the sardine (A group) dominated in the 1930s, 3 other species (C group; Pacific saury, jack mackerel, and anchovy) dominated in the 1950s-1960s, chub mackerel (B group) dominated in the 1970s, and then sardine (A group) dominated again during cool regime in the 1980s. As sardine biomass decreased in association with the climate regime shift that occurred in the late 1980s, catches of C group immediately increased after the regime shift and remained at high levels during warm regime in the 1990s. Alternations of dominant fish groups occurred 6 times between 1910 and 2008. The dominant period of the 7 species lasted for 10-20 years. The catch of Pacific sardine in the TWC and KOC regions showed a negative correlation with the catch of the other 5 species (Pacific herring, anchovy, jack mackerel, Pacific saury, and common squid), suggesting that the abundance of the 5 species is strongly affected by the abundance of Pacific sardine in relation to the climate regime shifts. The total catch level of the 7 species in the KOC region was generally higher than that in the TWC region before 1991 but was lower after 1992, suggesting that the fish populations in the Pacific side are shifted to the TWC region by zonal oscillation of the oceanic conditions in relation to the climate regime shift in the late 1980s.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the sanitary and nutritional requirements for the industrialization of commercial kwamegi from Pacific herring Clupea pallasii (CK-PH). The proximate composition of CK-PH was 46.4-47.2% moisture, 24.7-25.6% crude protein, 23.6-25.2% crude lipid, and 2.5-2.9% ash, which differed significantly from that of commercial kwamegi from the Pacific saury Cololabis saira. According to the volatile basic nitrogen content, heavy metal content, and viable cell and coliform group counts, products K and F (prepared by a general process) maintained their freshness, whereas product T (treated with green tea extract) did not. Products K and F contained five types of biogenic amine: agmatine sulfate (2,596 and 2,067 mg/kg, respectively), putrescine dihydrochloride (8.5 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively), cadaverine (3.7 and 3.9 mg/kg, respectively), histamine (17.0 and 12.4 mg/kg, respectively), and spermidine (8.7 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively). Product T contained six amine types: tyramine (12.5 mg/kg), agmatine sulfate (2,723 mg/kg), putrescine dihydrochloride (29.4 mg/kg), cadaverine (321.6 mg/kg), histamine (45.3 mg/kg), and spermidine (13.6 mg/kg). The total amino acid content of product K (22.16/100g) was 5.8% lower than that of product F. The major amino acids of products K and F were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine. No difference was found in the fatty acid composition of products K and F. The major fatty acids in products K and F were 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. Based on the recommended daily dietary allowances for Koreans, the significant minerals in products K and F were calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2015

We followed the development of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii larvae after natural hatching in Korean coastal waters off Dadaepo, where the water temperature was $9^{\circ}C$. Twenty days after hatching, the larvae had (i) reached a total length (TL) of 10.8-12.2 mm, (ii) developed 9-11 dorsal fin rays, and (iii) branched melanophores along the dorsal line of the gut in the anterior half of the body and along the posterior half of the dorsal and ventral line. Thirty days after hatching, the larvae had reached 12.2-13.5 mm TL, and the number of dorsal fin rays had increased to 13-14. Thirty-five days days after hatching, the larvae had reached 14.0-14.7 mm TL, and the posterior ends of their notochords had begun to flex upward. Forty-five days days after hatching, the larvae had (i) reached 15.6-15.9 mm TL, (ii) a complete set of dorsal fin rays (15-16), (iii) 12-13 anal fin rays, and (iv) branched melanophores along the dorsal part of the lateral surfaces of the head behind the caudal terminus. Preflexion, flexion and postflexion stage larvae had TL values of 13.5 mm, 14.0-15.3 mm, and 15.6-15.9 mm, respectively.

• 생태와환경
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2021

Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, a keystone species with significant ecological and commercial importance, is declining globally throughout much of its range. While traditional fishing equipment methods remain limited, new sensitive and rapid detection methods should be developed to monitor fisheries resources. To monitor the presence and quantity of C. pallasii from environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from seawater samples, a pair of primers and a TaqMan^® probe specific to this fish based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (COB) sequences were designed for the real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. The combination of our molecular markers showed high specificity in the qPCR assay, which affirmed the success of presenting a positive signal only in the C. pallasii specimens. The markers also showed a high sensitivity for detecting C. pallasii genomic DNA in the range of 1 pg~100 ng rxn^-1 and its DNA plasmid containing COB amplicon in the range of 1~100,000copies rxn^-1, which produced linear standard calibration curves (r²=0.99). We performed a qPCR assay for environmental water samples obtained from 29 sampling stations in the southeastern coastal regions of South Korea using molecular markers. The assay successfully detected the C. pallasii eDNA from 14 stations (48.2%), with the highest mean concentration in Jinhae Bay with a value of 76.09±18.39 pg L^-1 (246.20±58.58 copies L^-1). Our preliminary application of molecular monitoring of C. pallasii will provide essential information for efficient ecological control and management of this valuable fisheries resource.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.534-538
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• 2019

The distribution and characteristics of spawning beds of the Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, were observed by scuba diving in Jinhae Bay, Korea, with a focus on marine vegetation as adhesive substrates and egg density during the spawning season. In 2017, the fertilized eggs of C. pallasii were mainly found attached to the leaves of algae species Carpopeltis cornea, Gracilaria textorii, and Acrosrium polyneurum at the rocky shore in Wonpo-dong and Jeodo. The mean density of fertilized eggs in C. pallasii spawning beds was $153,776eggs/m^2$ off Wonpo-dong and $856,430eggs/m^2$ off Jeodo, giving an estimated total of $5.345{\times}10^9$ eggs in Wonpo-dong and $3.3074{\times}10^{10}$ eggs in Jeodo. We examined spawning beds with an area of $38,619m^2$ off Wonpo-dong and $34,760m^2$ off Jeodo. The choice of spawning bed may be affected by the composition of marine vegetation, such as the algal diversity of rocky shore environments, which could affect adhesive substrates and egg density during the spawning season. The results of the present study suggest that the spawning season of C. pallasii in Jinhae Bay is in January to mid-February.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2011

날치 알과 이의 대체 어란인 열빙어 알 및 청어 알의 안전성과 식품성분 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 날치 알의 크기는 열빙어 알 및 청어 알에 비하여 컸다. 날치 알의 수분 함량과 염도는 페루산이 중국산에 비하여 수분의 경우 높으나 염도의 경우 낮았고, 인도네시아산에 비하여는 수분의 경우 낮았으나, 염도의 경우 높았다. 한편, 기타 어란의 수분 함량과 염도는 열빙어 알의 경우 각각 80.4% 및 3.2%, 청어알의 경우 각각 65.4% 및 20.0%를 나타내었다. pH, 휘발성염기질소, 중금속, 생균수 및 대장균군의 결과에 의하면 이들 5종의 어란의 경우 여러 가지 가공소재로 이용하여도 위생적인 문제는 없으리라 판단되었다. 어란의 주요 지방산은 날치 알의 경우 16:0(27.8-30.5%), 18:1n-9(7.2-8.0%), 20:5n-3(5.6-8.2%) 및 22:6n-3(22.0-25.6%)이었고, 열빙어 알 및 청어 알의 경우 이외에도 16:1n-7(6.7-9.3%)이었다. 어란의 총아미노산 함량은 9.44-10.39 g/100g 범위이었고, 주요 아미노산은 asparticacid, glutamic acid, leucine 및 lysine이었다. 날치 알의 무기질 함량은 인도네시아산의 아연을 제외한다면 열빙어 알 및 청어 알의 무기질 함량보다 높았다. 관능 검사 결과에 의하면 열빙어 알과 청어 알에 비하여 날치 알이 색과 조직감에서는 우수하였으나, 향은 차이가 없었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.621-630
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• 2015

This study investigated the concentration of total mercury in 17 species of commonly consumed fishes and assessed the risk to human health from provisional tolerable weekly intakes PTWI% as affected by migratory characterization, such as migration and vagility. The measured mean concentrations of total mercury in these 17 species of commonly consumed fishes suggest that mean concentrations of total mercury in 10 species of migratory fishes (largehead hairtail, chub mackerel, Pacific saury, skipjack tuna, Pacific cod, anchovy, Alaska pollack, brown croaker, Japanese Spanish mackerel, yellow croaker and Pacific herring) were low compared to those in 7 species of demersal fishes (red stingray, brown sole, bastard halibut, conger eel, blackmouth angler, rockfish and filefish). Based on the mean concentrations, the PTWI% of total mercury among commonly consumed migratory fishes was 3.393%, which was higher than that of commonly consumed demersal fishes (2.710%).