• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (PSP) have been investigated in vitro and in animals and found to have a protective effect against oxidative hepatic damage. In this study, we investigated that aqueous extract of PSP can ameliorate the dysfunction of lipid metabolism in mice fed a high fat/cholesterol diet. Methods: Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8) and fed one of the following diets for 8 weeks; normal fat (NF) diet; high fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet; HFC with 1.25% PSP (HFPL) diet; HFC with 2.5% PSP (HFPM) diet; HFC with 5% PSP (HFPH) diet. Results: Non-alcoholic fatty liver was manifested in the HFC group by showing increased levels in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), increased level of TC and presence of many large lipid droplets in the liver, and increased fat cell size in the HFC group compared with the NF group. However, administration of HFC induced a significant decrease in food intake, resulting in decrease in fat mass. Co-administration of PSP did not lead to reversal of body weight changes, ALT activity, and lipid levels in plasma and the liver, but suppressed excess enlargement of the fat cell size through increasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) gene expression in the liver. Accordingly, the number of fat droplets in the liver was reduced in PSP administered groups. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that PSP may have a protective effect on the dysfunction of lipid metabolism. Conduct of further studies on the coordinated regulation of PSP for lipid metabolic homeostasis at the liver-adipose tissue axis is needed.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2013

To evaluate peanut sprouts as a functional food material, the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of soybean yoghurt with different percentages (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0%) of peanut sprout powder (PSP) contents were investigated. The pH of soybean yogurt with PSP decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner during fermentation, whereas the titratable acidity increased under the same conditions. The Hunter L value (lightness) decreased while the b value (yellowness) and a value (redness) increased as the PSP concentration in soybean yogurt increased. Prior to fermentation, the sugar content of the soybean yogurt increased as the PSP level increased, but the contents decreased as fermentation progressed. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the soybean yogurt increased during fermentation, and the lactic acid bacteria population was higher than that of the control. The sensory properties, including the flavor, color, taste, and overall acceptability, of the soybean yogurt containing 0.5 and 1% PSP, respectively, were higher than those of other tested yoghurts (with 0, 2.0, and 3.0% PSP contents). The antioxidant activity of the soybean yogurt significantly increased at the PSP concentrations of over 1.0%. These results suggest that the addition of PSP has beneficial effects on the quality and functionality of soybean yogurt, and that the addition of 1.0% PSP is the most suitable for manufacturing soybean yogurt.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.293-296
• /
• 2000

Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) occurrence and variation in th\ulcorner different bivalve species including oyster,Crassostrea gigas and mussel, Mytilus edulis Jinhae bay Korea from January to December in 1997 were surveyed. And also compositional characteristics of PSP ingredients in the different bivalve species were investigated. PSP in shellfish was detected from late February and increased continuously until the middle of April in Jinhae bay. And after April PSP level had been decreased gradually and the toxicity was not detected by mouse bioassay in the early of June. Of the examined bivalve species, PSP content in the mussel exhibited the highest value and the PSP content in the mussel in the middle of April, PSP high season in Jinhae bay, was 6 times higher than that in the oyster. Gonyautokin (GTX) 1~4 group occupied 59.0~78.8% of whole PSP contents and identified as dominant ingredient in the examined bivalves except oyster. And it is also identified that the PSP toxicity in the tested species were derived from the GTX group. And the dominant ingredient of PSP in the oyster was carbamoyl-N-sulfo-11$\alpha$-hydroxysaxitoxin sulfate(Cl)(37.9%) and neosaxitoxin(neoSTX)(26.2%). But the toxicity of Cl in the tested oyster could be ignorable and most toxicity (80.0%) was derived from saxitoxin (STX) group.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.391-397
• /
• 2015

The porous support polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a salting out based on the hollow fiber membrane polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA) by coating with by phase separated and pressurization (PSP) method to produce a multilayer membrane. The resulting membranes were characterized under the various conditions, such as the heat treatment temperature, coating concentration, feed concentration, cross-linking time and cross-link agent concentration in terms of flux and rejection rate for NaCl 100 ppm solution at 4 atm. The best results were PEI 20,000 ppm and PVSA 1,000 ppm, PEI 15% with a 2% malic acid aqueous solution coated by PSP method the hollow fiber membrane heat-treated for 1 minute showed flux 24.3 LMH, the rejection of 82.1%.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.18 no.5 s.95
• /
• pp.649-656
• /
• 2006

In this study, powered superplasticizer(PSP) agents to improve the slump loss rate of recycled aggregate concrete were developed. To evaluate the variation of fluidity against elapsed time and the mechanical properties, twenty four specimens whose main variables had the mixing condition of aggregates, such as natural and recycled gravels, and natural and recycled fine aggregates, were tested. The concrete slump with a liquid superplasticizer greatly decreased against the elapsed time and dropped by less than 50% of initial slump after two hours. However the concrete slump with the PSP agents hardly varied until after half an hour and maintained more than 85% of initial slump even after an hour. Also the PSP agents made the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength of concrete increased and the shrinkage strain decreased. Considering the properties improvement of concrete, it can be recommended that optimum mixing amount of the PSP agents should be 5% of the amount of cement.

• The monthly packaging world
• /
• s.90
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2000

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study compared the effectiveness of complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) and photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates as intraoral imaging systems in terms of time efficacy, patient comfort, and subjective image quality assessment in real clinical settings. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight patients (25 women and 33 men) were included. Patients were referred for a full-mouth radiological examination including 1 bitewing radiograph (left and right) and 8 periapical radiographs for each side (left maxilla/mandible and right maxilla/mandible). For each patient, 1 side of the dental arch was radiographed using a CMOS detector, whereas the other side was radiographed using a PSP detector, ensuring an equal number of left and right arches imaged by each detector. Clinical application time, comfort/pain, and subjective image quality were assessed for each detector. Continuous variables were summarized as mean±standard deviation. Differences between detectors were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. P<0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: The mean total time required for all imaging procedures with the CMOS detector was significantly lower than the mean total time required for imaging procedures with PSP (P<0.05). The overall mean patient comfort scores for the CMOS and PSP detectors were 4.57 and 4.48, respectively, without a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The performance of both observers in subjectively assessing structures was significantly higher when using CMOS images than when using PSP images for all regions (P<0.05). Conclusion: The CMOS detector was found to be superior to the PSP detector in terms of clinical time efficacy and subjective image quality.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.813-816
• /
• 1998

Toxicity and toxin compositions of wild and cultured scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis), collected from coastal waters near Kangnung of East Sea, were examined from January to June, 1997. By mouse bioassay methods, the toxicity was detected with low toxicity of $2 MU\;g^{-1}$, and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin was detected in the specimens from 30 April to 15 May by HPLC. GTXs and PXs were identified as the major toxin components.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.728-735
• /
• 2012

Makgeolli is the oldest Korean traditional wine made from rice, and contains 6-8% alcohol. Also, nuruk is traditionally prepared by exposing moistened ground wheat or rice to the air, and there contained airborne microorganism. In this study, purple sweet potato (PSP) was used as a raw material in the rice nuruk- and makgeolli-making processes. PSP rice nuruk (RN) was made with rice and 0-10% (w/w) PSP, and the characteristics of makgeolli were studied during fermentation. The pH during fermentation decreased from 4.27 (0% PSP-RN), 4.59 (2.5%), 4.50 (5.0%), 4.46 (7.5%), and 4.43 (10.0%) of initial fermentation day to 4.12, 3.82, 3.67, 3.71, and 3.66, respectively, at day 7. The sugar contents increased from $0.4^{\circ}Bx$ of the initial day to $8.0-8.4^{\circ}Bx$, and the levels of alcohol increased to 13.0% (0% PSP-RN), 13.2% (2.5%), 12.8% (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) by day 7, respectively. In addition, the contents of soluble anthocyanins and phenolics increased from 0.001-0.121 and 0.2-0.27 g/L on the initial fermentation day to 0.002-0.166 and 1.65-1.87 g/L, corresponding to increases in levels of antioxidant activities of 20-50%, respectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.53.1-53.11
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of root dentin defects after the use of different post space preparation (PSP) drills. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two bovine incisors were selected and obtained 14-mm-long root sections. Twelve roots served as controls with no intervention (G1). The 60 root canals remaining were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the ProTaper Next system and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 12) according to the operative steps performed: G2, root canal instrumentation and filling (I+F); G3, I+F and PSP with Gates-Glidden drills; G4, I+FI+F and PSP with Largo-Peeso reamers; G5, I+F and PSP with Exacto drill; and G6, I+F and PSP with WhitePost drill. Roots were sectioned at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm from the apex, and digital images were captured. The presence of root dentin defects was recorded. Data were analyzed by the χ² test, with p < 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Root dentin defects were observed in 39.6% of the root sections. No defects were observed in G1. G5 had significantly more cracks and craze lines than G1, G2, and G3 (p < 0.05), and more fractures than G1, G2, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). When all root sections were analyzed together, significantly more defects were observed at the 12-mm level than at the 3-mm level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PSP drills caused defects in the root dentin. Gates-Glidden drills caused fewer root defects than Largo-Peeso reamers and Exacto drills.