• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.330.2-330.2
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• 2002

The conformational study on cyclic Ac-Cys-Pro-Xaa-Cys-NHMe (Ac-CPXC-NHMe: X = Ala, Val. Leu. Aib. Gly. His. Phe, Tyr. Asn. and Ser) peptides has been carried out using the ECEPP/3 force field and the hydration shell model in the unhydrated and hydrated states. This work has been undertaken to investigate structural implications of the CPXC sequence as the chain reversal for the initiation of protein folding and as the motif for active site of disulfide oxidoreductases. The backbone conformation DAAA is in common the most feasible for cyclic CPXC peptides in the hydrated state. which has a type 1${\beta}$-turn at the Pro-Xaa sequence. The proline residue and the hydrogen bond between backbones of two cystines appear to play a role in stabilizing this preferred conformation of cycilc CPXC peptides. However. the distributions of backbone conformations and ${\beta}$-turns may indicate that the cyclic CPXC peptide seems to exist as an ensemble of ${\beta}$-turns and coiled conformations. The intirnsic stability of the cyclic CPXC motif itself the active conformation appears to play a role in determining electrochemical properties of disulfide oxidoreductases.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2020

In this paper, various modulation techniques, including the legacy Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal modulation techniques, are introduced and the spectral characteristics and correlation characteristics of signals with various modulation techniques are analyzed based on numerical simulation. With the development of various GNSS services, the limited frequency band has become increasingly saturated, and issues of interoperability and compatibility have emerged in the new GNSS design. Since the efficient allocation of frequency resources is closely related to spectrum design, modulation techniques are one of the important signal design parameters of new signal design. Signal modulation techniques are closely related to various figure of merits (FoMs) as well as spectrum characteristic, and in some cases there is a complicated trade-off between FoMs. Thus, the FoMs associated with modulation technology should be analyzed and the best signal candidates should be chosen carefully via the trade-off analysis for FoMs. In this paper, we define the modulation technique based on Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) and Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) for the design of KPS signals, and the FoMs of signals in terms of spectrum and correlation function are evaluated. Signals with various modulation techniques are implemented through a numerical simulation, and the relevant FoMs are analyzed.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.202.4-203
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to clarify whether isoflavonoids isolated from Belamcandae Rhizoma (Iridaceae) inhibit inflammation and angiogenesis by the experimental methods in vitro and in vivo. Among the isolated isoflavonoids, such as irigenin, irisflorentine, and iristectorene B inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, as measured by nitrite formation at 3-30 ${\mu}M$. Also these compounds reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme expression in a concentration dependent manner, when measured by western blotting, at 3-30 ${\mu}M$. Irigenin, irisflorentine and iristectoren B decreased angiogenesis of chick embryos in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. These compounds also reduced the proliferation of calf pulmonary arterial endothelial (CPAE) cells and found to possess relatively weak gelatinase/collagenase inhibitory activity in vitro. These compounds, when administered subcataneously at the dose of 30mg/kg for 20 days to mice implanted with murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), caused a significant inhibition of tumor volume. Therefore, antiangiogenic activities of isoflavonoids from Belamcandae Rhizoma might be due to antiproliferative activities under inhibition the induction of COX-2 and iNOS enzyme.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2024

Hardware components are an integral part of Hardware Define Radio (HDR) for seamless operations and optimal performance. On the other hand, Software Define Radio (SDR) is a program that does not rely on any hardware components for its performance. Both of the latter radio programmers utilize modulation functions to make their core components from signal processing viewpoint. The following paper concentrates on SDR based modulation and their performance under different modulations. The bit error rate (BER) of modulations such as PSK, QAM, and PSAM were used as indicators to test channel quality estimation in planar Rayleigh fading. Though it is not commonly used for channel fading, the method of the adder determines the regionally segmented channel fading. Thus, the estimation error of the channel change substantially reduces the performance of the signal, hence, proving to be an effective option. Moreover, this paper also elaborates that BER is calculated as a function of the sample size (signal length) with an average of 20 decibels. Consequently, the size of the results for different modulation schemes has been explored. The analytical results through derivations have been verified through computer simulation. The results focused on parameters of amplitude estimation error for 1dB reduction in the average signal-to-noise ratio, while the combined amplitude deviation estimation error results are obtained for a 3.5 dB reduction

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2008

수중통신 시 다중 음파 경로의 생성은 명확한 메시지전송을 어렵게하는 원인중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점의 해결을 위하여 각기 다른 경로에 따라 형성된 다중 경로간의 지연 시간을 계산하여 변조주파수변환구간을 생성하는 방법을 제안하였다. 송신단에서는 생성된 변조주파수변환구간의 크기에 따라 메시지를 분할하여 두 개의 주파수를 사용하여 QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)방식을 교대로 호핑하여 메시지를 전송 하였다. 이에 대응하여 수신단에서는 수신된 메시지를 알고리즘 설계 시 구축한 프로토콜에 의하여 복조하여 원신호로 복원하는 적응 BISMO 알고리즘을 제안 하였고 모의실험을 통하여 적응적 변조주파수변환구간, 추정 오류율을 계산하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38C권10호
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• pp.858-866
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• 2013

차세대 위성방송 규격으로 정의되어 있는 DVB-S2에서는 멀티레벨 위상변조 방식이라고 할 수 있는 APSK 변조 방식과 연판정 정보를 필요로 하는 LDPC 부호화 방식을 채택하고 있다. 따라서, 수신단의 APSK 복조기에서는 비트 당 연판정 값을 계산할 수 있는 기능이 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 DVB-S2 시스템에서 사용되는 고차원 APSK변조 신호에 대하여 비트 당 간단한 거리 계산 수준의 복잡도로 연판정 비트를 계산할 수 있는 방법을 소개하고 이 경우 연판정 비트 값이 지나치게 낙관적으로 계산된다는 분석 결과를 보인다. 이와 같이 지나치게 낙관적으로 계산된 연판정 값은 결국 복호 성능 저하의 가장 큰 원인이 된다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위한 방법으로써 연판정 출력의 스케일링 기법을 제안하고, 이와 같은 스케일링 기법을 적용하면 선형 복잡도로 연판정 비트값을 계산할 수 있고, 최우 검출기법에 근접하는 성능을 얻을 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 다중 변조 방식의 변조 지수에 따른 전력 손실을 위성 관제 전송 모드별로 해석하고, 위성 관제 전송 모드에 대한 필요한 위성 링크 마진을 제시하였다. NRZ/PSK/PM 다중 변조 신호의 전송 신호간 간섭 현상과 위성 관제 수신 신호의 임계값을 기준으로 원격 명령과 원격 측정 신호의 최적 부 반송파 신호를 제안하였다. ESA 거리 측정 방식을 사용하는 위성 관제 모드에서는 12 kHz 또는 14 kHz 의 원격 명령 부 반송파 신호를 그리고, GSTDN 방식을 사용하는 운용 모드에서는 16 kHz 부 반송파를 사용하여 다양한 위성 관제를 할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 원격 측정 신호의 부 반송파는 65.536 kHz를 사용하여 양호한 수신 성능 및 동작 영역을 보장하도록 한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권5B호
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• pp.517-529
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 차세대 해상 통신 시스템인 SANET (Ship Ad-hoc NETwork)의 우선 전송 규격 파라미터를 설정하고, VHF 대역의 실측 해상 채널을 분석하여 SANET 채널 모델링을 수행한다. 또한, 프리앰블, guard time, 파일롯을 포함한 단일 및 다중 반송파 시스템을 위한 프레임 구조를 제안하며, 제안된 프레임 구조 하에서 채널 보상과 채널 부호화 기법에 의한 SANET 시스템의 BER (Bit Error Rate) 성능을 평가 및 분석한다. 결과로 ${\pi}$/4-DQPSK와 ${\pi}$/8-D8PSK를 적용한 단일 반송파 SANET의 경우, differential 변조방식 채택에 의하여 별도의 채널 보상을 하지 않으며, 부호화 이득을 얻을 수 있는 컨볼루션 부호화를 적용하기로 한다. 다중 반송파 SANET의 경우에는 해상환경, 파도에 의한 선박의 움직임 등에 의한 K값의 변화를 고려하여 시스템의 성능을 최대화 하도록 채널 보상 기법과 컨볼루션 부호화를 적용한다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2002

Many oxidative metabolites of tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs), active components of marijuana, were pharmacologically active, and 11-hydroxy-THCs, 11-oxo-${\Delta}^8$-THC, 7-oxo-${\Delta}^8$-THC, 8$\beta$, 9$\beta$-epoxyhexahydrocannabinol (EHHC), 9$\alpha$, l0$\alpha$-EHHC and 3'-hydroxy-${\Delta}^9$-THC were more active than THC in pharmacological effects such as catalepsy, hypothermia and barbiturate synergism in mice. Cannabidiol (CBD), another major component, was biotransfomred to two novel metabolites, 6-hydroxymethyl-${\Delta}^9$-THC and 3-pentyl-6, 7, 7a, 8, 9, lla-hexahydro-I, 7-dihydroxy-7, 1O-dimethyldibenzo[b, d]oxepin (PHDO) through 8R, 9-epoxy-CBD and 85, 9-epoxy-CBD, respectively. Both metabolites exhibited some pharmacological effects comparable to d9 - THe. Cannabinol (CBN), the other major component, was mainly metabolized to ll-hydroxy-CBN by hepatic microsomes of animals including humans. The pharmacological effects of the metabolite were higher than those of CBN demonstrating that II-hydroxylation of CBN is metabolic activation pathway of the cannabinoid as is the case in THCs. Tolerance and reciprocal cross-tolerance developed to pharmacological effects d8 - THC and ll-hydroxy-d8-THC , and the magnitude of tolerance development produced by the metabolite was significantly higher than that by d8-THC. The results indicate that ll-hydroxy-d8-THC has an important role not only in the pharmacological effects but also its tolerance development of d8 - THe. THCs and their metabolites competed to the specific binding of CP-55, 940, an agonist of cannabinoid receptor, to synaptic membrane from bovine cerebral cortex. The Ki value of THCs and their metabolites were closely paralleled to their pharmacological effects in mice. A novel cytochrome P450 (cyp2c29) was purified and identified as a major enzyme responsible for the metabolic activation of d8-THC at the II-position in the mouse liver. cDNA of CYP2C29 was cloned from a mouse cDNA library and its sequence was determined. The oxidation mechanism of THC by cyp2c29 was proposed.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.355.3-356
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• 2002

Prostaglandins are synthesized by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Both constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) isoforms have been identified. COX-2 expression is stimulated by inflammatory mediators such as growth factors and cytokines. Most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) inhibit both isoforms of COX. Recent evidence suggests that selective inhibitors of COX-2 may possess diminished side effects reletive to common NSAIDS. Novel isothiazoles and isoxazoles were identified as selective inhibitiors of cycloxygenase-2(COX-2). (omitted)