• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2021

Objectives: The Indonesian government issued large-scale social restrictions (called Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar, or PSBB) at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to control the spread of COVID-19 in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Greater Jakarta). Public compliance poses a challenge when implementing large-scale social restrictions, and various factors have contributed to public non-compliance with the regulation. This study aimed to determine the degree of non-compliance and identify the factors that contributed to public non-compliance with the PSBB in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 839 residents of Greater Jakarta participated in this study. Data were collected online using a Google Form, and convenience sampling was undertaken. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between public non-compliance with the PSBB regulation and socio-demographic variables, respondents' opinion of the PSBB, and social capital. Results: A total of 22.6% of subjects reported participating in activities that did not comply with the PSBB. The variables that most affected non-compliance with the PSBB were age, gender, income, opinion of the PSBB, and social capital. Conclusions: Strengthening social capital and providing information about COVID-19 prevention measures, such as washing one's hands with soap, wearing masks properly, and maintaining social distancing, is essential. Robust public understanding will foster trust and cooperation with regard to COVID-19 prevention efforts and provide a basis for mutual agreement regarding rules/penalties.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2022

This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stock prices of state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock exchange. The impact of the pandemic is analyzed based on different pandemic phases and the corresponding government pandemic interventions to curb the disease. This study analyzes 6 pandemic event dates, covering the time period from January 2020 to February 2021. A total of 20 state-owned enterprises are included as the sample of this study. Test of difference is employed to compare the stock prices of the state-owned enterprises before and after each pandemic event date. In general, this study confirms the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stock prices, especially the event in 2020, although some variations do exist. The results of the study reveal a significant decrease in the stock prices of the state-owned enterprises after the announcement of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases, the announcement of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, the imposing of Large Scale Social Restriction (PSBB I and PSBB II). In contrast, the stock prices increase after the imposing of a new normal policy and the imposing of Public Activity Restriction (PPKM). This study also documents that the effect of the pandemic may vary based on the pandemic phase.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-116
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• 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic's first term of April-June 2020, the general public throughout Indonesia became familiar with the slang term "local lockdown." This term emerged in response to disorderly implementation of the half-hearted government policy called Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). In villages around the country, people started to build portals to restrict "strangers" or "outsiders" from entering their village areas. These portals were also meant to publicly signal the villagers' fear of the spread of the virus. This paper will discuss two things: first, how fear was produced, using frameworks drawn from Giorgio Agamben's notable works State of Exception and Homo Sacer, and how governance reproduces it; and second, how people come to accept the state of emergency and then publicly express their acceptance of the situation. Critical discourse analysis is applied to read government policy and its reception. The research took place at Rempoah, Kedungmalang, and Pabuwaran villages in Banyumas, the southern regency of Central Java, Indonesia. The villagers' responses to the government's policy are visually represented through written warning signs.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.393-406
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• 2020

The discourse on the lockdown in Indonesia is getting stronger due to the increasing number of positive cases of the coronavirus and the death rate. As of August 12, 2020, the confirmed number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia reached 130,718. There were 85,798 victims who have recovered and 5,903 who have died. Data show a significant increase in cases of COVID-19 every day. For this reason, there needs to be an evaluation of the government policy of the Republic of Indonesia in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. An evaluation of policies for handling the pandemic must include public opinion to determine any weaknesses of this policy. The development of public opinion about the lockdown policy can be understood through social media. During the COVID-19 pandemic, measuring public opinion through traditional methods (surveys) was difficult. For this reason, we utilized big data on social media as research data. The main purpose of this study is to understand public opinion on the lockdown policy in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The things observed included: volume of Twitter users, top influencers, top tweets, and communication networks between Twitter users. For the methodological development of future public opinion research, the researchers outline the obstacles faced in researching public opinion based on big data from Twitter. The research results show that the lockdown policy is an interesting issue, as evidenced by the number of active users (79,502) forming 133,209 networks. Posts about the lockdown on Twitter continued to increase after the implementation of the lockdown policy on April 10, 2020. The lockdown policy has caused various reactions, seen from the word analysis showing 14.8% positive sentiment, 17.5% negative, and 67.67% non-categorized words. Sources of information who have played the roles of top influencers regarding the lockdown policy include: Jokowi (the president of the Republic of Indonesia), online media, television media, government departments, and governors. Based on the analysis of the network structure, it shows that Jokowi has a central role in controlling the lockdown policy. Several challenges were found in this study: 1) choosing keywords for downloading data, 2) categorizing words containing public opinion sentiment, and 3) determining the sample size.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.133-136
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare a conventional culture method and real-time PCR for the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) in sausage and in vegetable salad. Food samples inoculated with Y. enterocolitica were enriched in peptone-sorbitol bile-broth, and swabs were then streaked onto cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar. Biochemical tests for suspected colonies were performed with an API 20E strip. In parallel, real-time PCR was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene using 1 mL of enrichment broth. In sausage, the number of positive samples detected by culture method (49 out of 60) was similar (p>0.05) with that of real-time PCR (50 out of 60). However, the number of positive samples of real-time PCR (26 out of 60) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the conventional culture method (6 out of 60) in vegetable salad. Real-time PCR could be an effective screening tool for detecting Y. enterocolitica, particularly in food samples with high levels of background flora, such as a vegetable salad.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.796-801
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• 2001

A total of 277 mineral spring water samples in Kangwon province from 1999 to 2000 were analyzed for the presence of Yersinia spp. by the conventional Food and Drug Administration protocol, and presumptive strains were identified by morphological, cultural and biochemical tests according to Bergey’s manual. Also, the biotypes, serotypes, and susceptibility to 12 antibiotics were tested. Among the total 277 mineral spring water samples, 40 samples (14.4%) were found to be contaminated with Yersinia species. Among the 40 strains of Yersinia spp. isolates, 33 strains (82.5%) for Yersinia enterocolitica, 4 strains (10%) for Yersinia frederiksenii, 2 strains (5%) for Yersinia intermedia, and 1 strain (2.5%) for Yersinia sakazaki were identified, respectively. Of 40 Yersinia spp. isolates, Yersinia enterocolitica (82.5%) was the most predominant species in the mineral spring water samples compared to other Yersinia species. Compared to direct culture method after KOH treatment and KOH treatment method after cold enrichment for better isolation ratio of according to comparision of Yersinia species, the detection ration (18.5%) of KOH treatment method after cold enrichment was about 3 times better than that (6.1%) of direct culture method after KOH treatment. According to serotypes of Y. enterocolitica isolates, O : 5 (12.9%) was the most predominant and followed by O : 3 (9.7%), O : 8 (6.5%), and O : 9 (3.2%), and others. For biotypes of Y. enterocolitica isolates, 1A (71.0%) was the most predominantly abundant and followed by 3A (12.9%), 3B (9.7%), 1B (3.2%) and 5 (3.2%). Also, an antibiotic susceptibility test showed that Yersinia spp. isolates were very susceptible to the antibiotics tested, but they were very strongly resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin and carbenicillin.