• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of the control group and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group among the patients who failed to respond to conservative treatment as outpatient-based therapy for rotator cuff tendinopathy, and to compare the clinical results of leukocyte-poor (LP) PRP and leukocyte-rich (LR) PRP. Methods: Inclusion criteria are (1) over 18-year-old, (2) patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, no rotator cuff tear by radiologic diagnosis (ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging) within the last 3 months, and (3) not effective to conservative treatment for more than 1 month. Of the final 60 subjects, 33 patients in the exercise treatment group and 27 patients in the PRP injection group (LP-PRP, 13; LR-PRP, 14) were included. Clinical evaluation was carried out by assessing the outcomes of treatment using the Numeric Rating Scale pain score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score, and the Constant score at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after the procedure. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in ${\Delta}ASES_{3months}$ ($ASES_{3months}-ASES_{first}$) score between the control and PRP groups (p=0.006). However, there was no statistical significance between LP-PRP and LR-PRP groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that PRP injection was more effective than exercise therapy for the first 3 months. However, there was no difference between the LP-PRP group and the LR-PRP group. Regardless of the type of PRP, clinical application of PRP injection in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy seems to be effective in early treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

This study was performed to assess the anti-inflammatory and cartilage regenerative effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on canine chondrocytes. Proliferation and migration assays under both normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions were performed with various concentrations of PRP (1% to 10%). The expression levels of genes related to osteoarthritis were evaluated in the following groups: PRP group, LPS group and LPS + PRP group. mRNA expression levels were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Proliferation assays showed significantly enhanced proliferation in all PRP-treated groups compared with the no serum group. Compared with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), PRP concentrations above 3% in the normal condition and 1% to 7% PRP in the LPS-induced inflammatory condition were found to significantly promote chondrocyte proliferation. In the normal condition, all PRP-treated groups showed significantly increased cell migration compared with the no serum group. Chondrocyte migration was decreased with LPS-induced inflammation, but PRP treatment resulted in significantly enhanced migration compared with the other groups in this condition. According to RT-PCR, the LPS + PRP group showed significantly higher levels of COL1A1, IL-6, aggrecan and lower levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$, MMP-1, MMP-3 mRNA expression compared to the LPS group. The results of this study suggest that PRP application can enhance the proliferation and migration of canine chondrocytes and improve canine articular cartilage regeneration.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2004

Statement of problem: Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) is well known to be very effective method to stimulate and accelerate the healing of bone and soft tissue. However, there are few reports which deal with the mechanisms of the PRP on the activation of the osteoblasts. Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of growth factors in PRP on the activity of osteoblasts. Material and method: To evaluate the effect on human, human osteoblast cell line was cultured. PRP was extracted from the blood of a healthy volunteer. Using the recombinant growth factors of PDGF, $TGFT-\beta$, IGF-1, bFGF which are mainly found at bone matrix and their neutralizing antibody, the effect of PRP on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts was evaluated. To evaluate the autocrine and paracrine effects, conditioned media(CM) of PRP was made and compared with PRP. By the western blot analysis, the expression of growth factors in PRP, CM was examined. Cell morphology was compared by the light microscope. Results : 1) The effects of CM on osteoblast were similar to the effects of PRP. 2) PRP, CM, recombinant $TGF-\beta$, bFGF, IGF-1 showed significantly higher cellular attachment than control(p<0.05) in the cell attachment assay. In the cell proliferation assay, PRP, CM, recombinant $TGF-\beta$, IGF-1, bFGF, PDGF increased significantly cell proliferation(p<0.01). Among the recombinant growth factors, IGF-1 showed the highest cellular attachment and proliferation. 3) In the western blot assay, bFGF, IGF-1, PDGF weve equally expressed in PRP and CM. 4) The attachment of osteoblast cell decreased significantly after the addition of neutralizing antibody against $TGF-\beta$, IGF-1(p<0.05). In the cell proliferation assay, the addition of neutralizing antibody against $TGF-\beta$, bFGF, PDGF, IGF-1 decreased significantly the cellular proliferation(p<0.05). The amount of decreasing in the cell attachment and proliferation is the highest in at-lGF-1. 5) The cells in control group were flattened and elongated with a few cellular processes in the a light microscope. But, the cells appeared as spherical, plump cells with well developed cellular processes in experimental groups. The cells in PRP and CM had more prominent developed features than recombinant growth factor groups. Conclusions : These findings imply that PRP maximize the cellular activity in early healing period using the synergistic effect, autocrine, paracrine effects of growth factors and increase the rate and degree of bone formation.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.571-575
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• 2016

광변형 고분자(PRP)는 PRP 내부에 함유된 아조벤젠(azobenzene)의 광이성질화 현상에 의해 자외선을 받을 경우 수축을 하고, 이 상태에서 적외선을 받을 경우 원래대로 돌아오는 성질을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 PRP의 진동 현상에 대한 동적해석이 논의된다. PRP의 광변형 양상을 예측하기 위해 양자역학, 고분자역학, 연속체 역학을 아우르는 멀티스케일 모델링 기법이 제안된다. PRP의 동적 진동 양상을 예측하기 위해 간단한 1D 빔 모델이 사용되었으며, FFT기법을 통해 진동 주파수 해석이 진행된다. 해석 결과 빛의 입력에 따른 PRP의 진동 양상은 빛의 편광 방향에 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

Purpose: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to accelerate and/or enhance hard and soft tissue healing and regeneration. As such, PRP has been used in various clinical fields of surgery. Recently there have been several attempts to use PRP in the field of tissue engineering. However, some controversies still exist on exact mechanism and benefits of PRP. Therefore various animal experiments are necessary to reveal the effect of the PRP. However, even if animal experiment is performed, the efficacy of the experiment could not be validated due to absence of an animal PRP model. The purpose of this study is to establish rat PRP model by comparing several PRP fabricating methods, and to assay growth factor concentration in the PRP. Materials and methods: Rat blood samples were collected from nine SD rat (body weight: 600-800g). PRP was prepared using three different PRP fabricating methods according to previously reported literatures. (Method 1: 800 rpm, 15 minute, single centrifuge; Method 2: 1000 rpm, 10 minute, double centrifuge; Method 3: 3000 rpm, 4min and 2500 rpm, 8 min, double centrifuge). Platelet counts were evaluated in an automated machine before and after PRP fabrications. In terms of growth factor assay, prepared PRP were activated with 100 unit thrombin and 10% calcium chloride. Growth factor (PDGF-BB, VEGF) concentrations on incubation time were determined by sandwich-ELISA technique. Results: An average of 3ml (via infraorbital venous plexus) to 15ml (via celiac axis) the rat blood could be collected. By using Method 3 (3000 rpm, 4 min and 2500 rpm, 8 min, double centrifugation), around 1.5ml of PRP could be prepared. This method allowed us to concentrate platelet 3.77-fold on average. PDGF-BB concentration (mean, 1942.10 pg/ml after 1 hour incubation) and VEGF concentration (mean, 952.71 pg/ml after 1 hour incubation) in activated PRP were higher than those in untreated blood. Also PDGF-BB showed constant concentration during 4-hour incubation, while VEGF concentration was decreased after 1 hour. Conclusion: Total 11,000 g minute separation and condensation double centrifuge method can produce efficient platelet-rich plasma. Platelet-rich plasma activated with thrombin has showed higher concentrations of growth factors such as PDGF-BB and VEGF, compared to the control group. Platelet-rich plasma model in a rat model was confirmed in this study.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2003

목 적 : b형 Haemophilus influenzae(Hib)의 피막 다당질인 polyribosyl -ribitol-phosphate(PRP)가 Hib 질환의 발병기전에 중요한 역할을 하며, 이에 대한 항체가 있으면 Hib 질환을 예방할 수 있다. Hib 질환을 예방하기 위해 개발된 단백 결합 백신에는 PRP-D, PRP-T, PRP-OMP 및 PRP-CRM197 등이 있다. Hib 피막 다당질에 대한 항체 반응은 백신에 사용된 결합 단백의 종류에 따라 다르지만 인종이나 제조 회사에 따라서 유효성 및 안전성에 차이가 있을 수 있다. PRP-T에는 기존에 국내에 공급되던 $ActHib^{(R)}$(Aventis)와 최근에 국내에 도입되기 시작한 $Hiberix^{TM}$(GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals)가 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 영아에서 PRP-T 백신인 $Hiberix^{TM}$의 면역원성 및 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 3월부터 2002년 4월까지 소아과에 예방접종을 위해 내원한 건강한 생후 2개월 이상의 영아 73명(남아 43명)을 대상으로 하였다. 생후 2, 4, 6개월에 PRP-T 백신($Hiberix^{TM}$)을 필요한 경우에 DTaP, TOPV, B형 간염백신과 같이 접종하였고, 1회 접종 전(2개월), 2회 접종 2개월 후(생후 6개월) 그리고 3회 접종 1개월 후(생후 7개월)에 혈청내 항 PRP 항체가를 효소면역법(ELISA)으로 측정하였다. 매 접종 후 72시간내에 발생하는 국소적, 전신적 이상반응을 관찰하였다. 면역원성은 계획한대로 접종을 완료한 영아에 대하여 분석하였으며, 이상반응은 1회 이상 접종받은 모든 영아에 대하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : 73명 중 63명(남아 37명)이 계획한대로 접종을 완료하였다. 생후 2개월에 측정한 접종 전항 PRP 항체가의 기하 평균치는 0.17 ${\mu}g/mL$(95% CI; 0.13~0.22)이었다. 2회 접종 후(생후 6개월) 항체가의 기하 평균치는 4.14 ${\mu}g/mL$(95% CI; 2.65~6.48), 3회 접종 후(생후 7개월)의 기하 평균치는 14.65 ${\mu}g/mL$(95% CI; 10.83~19.81)이었다. 항체가가 1.0 ${\mu}g/mL$ 이상인 비율은 2회 접종 후 77.8% (95% CI; 67.5~88.0), 3회 접종 후 98.4%(95% CI;95.3~100)이었다. 백신 접종 후 발생한 이상반응중 전신반응으로서 보챔(45.5%)이 가장 많았고 졸음(30.5%), 수유감소(26.7%), 발열(5.6%) 순이었다. 국소반응으로서 동통이 7.9%, 발적(${\geq}5$ mm) 2.8%, 부종(${\geq}5$ mm) 1.8% 순이었다. 이러한 이상반응은 대부분 경증으로 모두 회복되었다. 결 론 : 결론적으로, PRP-T 백신인 $Hiberix^{TM}$는 우리나라 영아에서 우수한 면역원성과 안전성을 보였으며, 특히 2회 접종으로도 항체가의 기하 평균치가 장기적인 방어 수준으로 상승함은 과거의 다른 PRP-T 백신($ActHib^{(R)}$)의 연구 결과들과 일치하는 소견으로 향후 국내에서 PRP-T 백신의 접종 방법에 대한 재고가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2022

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has received a considerable attention as an adjunct to fertility treatments, especially in women with very low ovarian reserve and premature ovarian insufficiency. Although recent studies have demonstrated that PRP led to improvements in folliculogenesis and biomarkers of ovarian reserve, the effect of intraovarian PRP administration on embryo genetics has not been studied. Methods: We report a pilot study of patients who had preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) before and then within 3 months following PRP administration. Twelve infertile women with at least one prior failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle underwent ovarian stimulation (cycle 1) with a gentle stimulation protocol and PGT-A performed at the blastocyst stage. Following cycle 1, autologous intraovarian PRP administration was performed. Within 3 months following PRP administration, the patients underwent cycle 2 and produced blastocysts for PGT-A. The percentage of euploid embryos between both cycles was compared. Results: The mean age of all participants was 40.08±1.46 years, and their mean body mass index was 26.18±1.18 kg/m². The number of good-quality embryos formed at the blastocyst stage was similar between cycle 1 and cycle 2 (3.08±0.88 vs. 2.17±0.49, respectively; p=0.11). Among all patients in cycle 1, 3 of 37 embryos were euploid (8.11%) while in cycle 2, 11 out of 28 embryos were euploid (39.28%, p=0.002). Three clinical pregnancies were noted among this patient group. Conclusion: This novel study is the first to present an improvement in the embryo euploidy rate following intraovarian PRP application in infertile women with prior failed IVF cycles. The growth factors present in PRP may exhibit a local paracrine effect that could improve meiotic aberrations in human oocytes and thus improve euploidy rates. Whether PRP improves live birth rates and lowers miscarriage rates remains to be determined in large trials.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2022

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in the treatment of common shoulder diseases. Methods: The PubMed, Medline, and Central databases and trial registries were searched from their inception to October 2020 for randomized controlled trials of autologous PRP injections for shoulder diseases versus placebo or any control intervention. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in the selection, analysis, and reporting of findings. The primary outcome was pain intensity (visual analog scale), and secondary outcomes were changes in function and quality of life (QoL). Results: A total of 17 randomized controlled trials of PRP versus control were analyzed. From 8-12 weeks to ≥1 year, PRP injections were associated with better pain relief and functional outcomes than control interventions. PRP injections were also associated with greater QoL, with an effect size of 2.61 (95% confidence interval, 2.01-14.17) at medium-term follow-up. Compared with placebo and corticosteroid injections, PRP injections provided better pain relief and functional improvement. In subgroup analyses, trials in which PRP was prepared by the double centrifugation technique, the platelet concentration in the PRP was enriched ≥5 times, leucocyte-rich PRP was used, or an activating agent was used before application reported the most effective pain relief at 6-7 months. Conclusions: PRP injections could provide better pain relief and functional outcomes than other treatments for persons presenting with common shoulder diseases. PRP injections have a greater capacity to improve shoulder-related QoL than other interventions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.432-440
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• 2024

Background The risk of flap necrosis in tissue reconstruction surgery is elevated in patients with vascular disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Chronic hyperglycemia causes endothelial cell dysfunction and increases inflammatory process, causing vascular insufficiency. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high levels of platelets, growth factors, and fibrinogens. Its regenerative properties spark interest in supporting flap survival in relation to diabetic complications. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The first group included diabetic rats without PRP injection, which underwent flap procedure. The second group included diabetes-induced rats receiving PRP subcutaneous injection 1 day prior to flap procedure. The third group included nondiabetic rats receiving PRP injection 1 day prior to flap procedure. Flap tissue samples were taken on the seventh day to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method; angiogenesis and collagen density were measured from histopathology examination, and flap viability was analyzed using digital measurements. Results Analysis showed that flap viability, angiogenesis, and VEGF levels were significantly higher in the PRP-injected diabetic rats compared with diabetic rats that did not receive PRP. The levels of VEGF, angiogenesis, and viability of flaps in diabetic rats given PRP did not differ significantly compared with nondiabetic rats that received PRP. Conclusion Flap preconditioning through local injection of activated PRP enhances flap viability, VEGF levels and angiogenesis, in random skin flaps in diabetic rats, to the level where it does not differ significantly to nondiabetic rats that were given PRP.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.498-510
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• 2001

Distraction osteogenesis refers to the biological process responsible for new bone formation between bone segments by gradual distraction after osteotomy. For the past several years, various inconveniences including a protracted consolidation period that requires patients to wear a distractor frame longer, as well as higher medical costs, have not been remedied by improvements in osteotomy, distraction rate and monitoring system. Furthermore, side effects such as pin tract infections and soft tissue swelling may arise due to the long treatment period. These drawbacks form the rationale of this study which purports to seek a method by which the consolidation period can be reduced. This paper examines how platelet-rich plasma(PRP), known to facilitate osteogenesis, influences bone formation when applied in distracted area. Ten mongrel dogs, which were made to wear external distractor frames after osteotomy in both sides of the mandible, were used as subjects. After a 7day period of latency, distraction was carried out at a rate of 1mm/day for 14 consecutive days. After the onset of distraction, 2ml of PRP and a mixture of calcium gluconate and thrombine were injected into the center of the distracted callus on the left side of the mandible. The left was injected with PRP while the right side was set as the control site without PRP treatment. Execution at the onset of distraction and in 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the consolidation period, clinical and radiographic tests, bone mineral density examination, histological examination and histomorphometric analysis were conducted to compare both sides. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Based on the clinical examination at two weeks, more remarkable cortical bone formation was found on the buccal and lingual side of the distracted area in the PRP treatment site than in the control site. No visual difference was found between the PRP treatment site and the control site at four eight weeks. 2. Based on the radiological examination, a distinct increase in the radiopaque appearance of the PRP treatment site was revealed at two weeks, but this increase appeared to slow down at four and eight weeks. 3. Examination of bone mineral density revealed a significant difference at two weeks with the PRP treatment site yielding density two times higher than the control site. This difference lessened after four weeks, and disappeared at eight weeks. 4. The histomorphometric examination revealed that about 20% more bony trabeculae area(20%, higher) was formed in the PRP treatment site than in the control site. In conclusion, it can be said that PRPs effect on stimulating bone formation in the PRP treatment site manifest as early as two weeks. Trabeculae formation likewise increased throughout the whole period. If this result can be applied to humans, the consolidation period can be reduced by injecting PRP into the distracted area.