• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.58-71
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• 2009

1. Objectives : The Crown Prince Sohyen(1612-1645) has been believed ro have been poisoned to death because of the political conflict with the King Injo. However, the Crown Prince Sohyen who was So-yangin(SY type) didn't be treated properly at that time. This paper is supposed to explain the reason why he died by reference. 2. Methods : The prescription which was made out to the Crown Prince Sohyen is analyzed, based on the Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) through Shimyang-ilgy and Ulyudongkung-ilgy. 3. Results : 1) In the case of the prescription where So-yang medical stuffs were contained a lot or Gunyak(the main madical stuff) was So-yang one, the Crown Prince Sohyen was better, while that of Tae-eum and So-eum medical stuffs didn't work. Therefore, the Crown Prince Sohyen can be considered So-yangin. 2) The So-yang in's symptom was misunderstood as Hakjil and treated, which could lead him to be put to death 4. Conclusions : The Crown Prince Sohyen is supposed to be Soyang-in(SY type), and accordingly the So-yang in's symptom was misunderstood as Hakjil and treated, which could cause him to pass away.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.445-451
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• 2014

The related-key attack is regarded as one of the important cryptanalytic tools for the security evaluation of block ciphers. This is due to the fact that this attack can be effectively applied to schemes like block-cipher based hash functions whose block-cipher keys can be controlled as their messages. In this paper, we improve the related-key attack on lightweight block cipher PRINCE proposed in FSE 2013. Our improved related-key attack on PRINCE reduces data complexity from $2^{33}$ [4] to 2.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 2023

Emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy (EPD) is a rarely performed operation. It is important to know the indications and outcomes of EPD to have a better understanding of its application in clinical practice. A review of eight consecutive cases of EPD was done. Between January 2003 and December 2021, 8 out of 370 patients (2.2%) in a single center received pancreaticoduodenectomy as emergency. There were six males and two females with a median age of 45.5 years. The indications were trauma in three patients, bleeding tumors in two patients, and one patient each in obstructing duodenal tumor, postoperative complication and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) complication. The median operative time and blood loss were 427.5 minutes and 1,825 mL, respectively. There was no operative mortality. Seven patients (87.5%) had postoperative complications. Three patients (37.5%) developed postoperative grade B pancreatic fistula. The median postoperative hospital stay was 23.5 days. Five patients were still alive while three patients survived for 13, 31, and 42 months after the operation. The causes of death were recurrent tumors in two patients, and sepsis in one patient. According to this case series, EPD is associated with increased morbidity and pancreatic fistula, but is still deserved in life-threatening situations and long-term survival is possible after EPD.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.269-277
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• 2019

Let X be a nonempty set, ${\rho}$ be an equivalence on X, T(X) be the semigroup of all transformations from X into itself, and $T_{\rho}(X)=\{f{\in}T(X)|(x,y){\in}{\rho}{\text{ implies }}((x)f,\;(y)f){\in}{\rho}\}$. In this paper, we investigate some necessary and sufficient conditions for elements in $T_{\rho}(X)$ to be left or right magnifying.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1132-1141
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate changes in the median nerve, retinaculum, and carpal tunnel on ultrasound after successful endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 37 wrists in 35 patients (5 male, 30 female; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 56.9 ± 6.7 years) with primary carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). An in-house developed scoring system (0-3) was used to gauge the clinical improvement after ECTR. Ultrasound was performed before ECTR, and at 1, 3, and 12 months post-ECTR. Changes in the median nerve, flexor retinaculum, and carpal tunnel morphology on ultrasound after ECTR were analyzed. Ultrasound parameters for different clinical improvement groups were compared. Results: All patients improved clinically after ECTR. The average clinical improvement score ± SD at 12 months post-ECTR was 2.2 ± 0.7. The median nerve cross-sectional area proximal and distal to the tunnel decreased at all time intervals post-ECTR but remained swollen compared to normal values. Serial changes in the median nerve caliber and retinacular bowing after ECTR were more pronounced at the tunnel outlet than at the tunnel inlet. The flexor retinaculum had reformed in 25 (68%) of 37 wrists after 12 months. Conclusion: Postoperative changes in median nerve and retinaculum parameters were most pronounced at the tunnel outlet. Even in patients with clinical improvement after ECTR, nearly all ultrasound parameters remain abnormal at one year post-ECTR. These ultrasound parameters should not necessarily be relied upon to diagnose persistent CTS after ECTR.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.885-890
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• 2012

Background: Head and neck cancers are prevalent in Thailand, in particular in the southern region of the country. However, survival with a large data set has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the survival figures and the prognostic factors in a cohort of patients treated in a university hospital located in the south of Thailand. Patients and Methods: Consecutive new cases of primary carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharyx, hypopharynx and larynx, treated at Songklanagarind Hospital during 2002 to 2004, were analyzed. The 5-year overall survival rates were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were identified through multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: A total 1,186 cases were analyzed. Two-thirds (66.6%) of the cases were at advanced stage (stage III & IV) at presentation. The five-year overall survivals for the whole cohort, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were 24.1%, 25.91%, 19.2%, 13.4%, 38.0% respectively. Stage and treatment type were strong prognostic factors for all sites. An age ${\geq}$ 80 years was associated with poor survival in oral cavity and larynx cancer. Conclusions: The results revealed remarkably poor outcomes of the patients in the series, indicating a strong need to increase the proportion of early stage presentations and maximize the treatment efficacy to improving outcomes. Very old patients are of particular concern for treatment care of oral cavity and larynx cancer.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

Apium graveolens Linn. (Apiaceae) is an indigenous plant of the North and South Americas, Southern Europe, and Asia and has been widely used as a food or a traditional medicine for treatment of inflammation and arthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of a methanolic extract of A. graveolens (AGE) against liver oxidative stress in an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. The AGE (250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) was given orally for 24 consecutive days after induction by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant. Liver and spleen weights were recorded. The superoxide anion level, total peroxide (TP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant status, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also measured. AGE treatment significantly decreased the levels of the superoxide anion, TP, and OSI whereas the GPx and SOD activities significantly increased in the liver of the arthritic rats. These results indicated that AGE showed an ameliorative effect against liver oxidative stress in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by reducing the generation of liver free radicals and increasing the liver antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of red and white wine on color changes of nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composite. Materials and Methods: Sixty specimens of each resin composite were prepared. Baseline data color values were recorded using a spectrophotometer. Three groups of discs (n = 20) were then alternately immersed in red, white wine, and deionized water (as a control) for twenty five minutes and artificial saliva for five minutes for four cycles. Specimens were then stored in artificial saliva for twenty two hours. This process was repeated for five days following immersion in artificial saliva for two days. Subsequently, the process was repeated again. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD. Results: Red wine caused significantly higher color change (${\Delta}E^*$ > 3.3) than did white wine and deionized water (p < 0.05). Nanohybrid resin composites had significantly more color changes than nanofilled resin composite (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The effect of red and white wine on the color changes of resin composite restorative materials depended upon the physical and chemical composition of the restorative materials and the types of wine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1991

To analyze tablewares and table flowers in wedding ceremonies of king and royal prince (1866, 1906) of Chosun dynasty, the author studied the historic book-Gare Dogam Euigwae, in which wedding feast dishes for king and prince in Chosun Dynasty were described. The results obtained from the study were as follows. 1. Tablewares used for wedding ceremony in the year of 1866, 1096 were same as that of from the year 1744 till 1819. 2. For wedding feast dishes for the prince, black lacquered table was used, for the crown prince's wedding feast red lacquered table and for the Emperor's wedding feast yellow lacquered table were used. 3. Table flowers used for wedding ceremony in the year of 1866, 1906 were same as that of from the year 1744 till 1819.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-small cell lung cancer is mostly recognized among other types of lung cancer with a poor prognosis by cause of chemotherapeutic resistance and increased metastasis. Luteolin has been found to decrease cell metastasis. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. The objective of this study was to examine the effect (and its mechanism) of luteolin on the migration and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell viability was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Wound healing and transwell assays were evaluated to assess migration and invasion, respectively. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were further performed to investigate the role of luteolin and its mechanisms of action. RESULTS: Administration with up to 40 μM luteolin showed no cytotoxic activity on lung cancer A549 cells or non-cancer MRC-5 cells. Additionally, luteolin at 20-40 μM significantly suppressed A549 cells' migration, invasion, and the formation of filopodia in a concentration-dependent manner at 24 h. This is similar with western blot analysis, which revealed diminished the phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), phosphorylated non-receptor tyrosine kinase (pSrc), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42), and Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our data indicate that luteolin plays a role in controlling lung cancer cells' migration and invasion via Src/FAK and its downstream Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA pathways. Luteolin might be considered a promising candidate for suppressing invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells.