• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.821-830
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• 2020

Altered dendritic morphology is frequently observed in various neurological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the cellular and molecular basis underlying these pathogenic dendritic abnormalities remains largely unclear. In this study, we investigated dendritic morphological defects caused by dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) toxicity associated with G4C2 expansion mutation of C9orf72 (the leading genetic cause of ALS and FTD) in Drosophila neurons and characterized the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Among the five DPRs produced by repeat-associated non-ATG translation of G4C2 repeats, we found that arginine-rich DPRs (PR and GR) led to the most significant reduction in dendritic branches and plasma membrane (PM) supply in Class IV dendritic arborization (C4 da) neurons. Furthermore, expression of PR and GR reduced the number of Golgi outposts (GOPs) in dendrites. In Drosophila brains, expression of PR, but not GR, led to a significant reduction in the mRNA level of CrebA, a transcription factor regulating the formation of GOPs. Overexpressing CrebA in PR-expressing C4 da neurons mitigated PM supply defects and restored the number of GOPs, but the number of dendritic branches remained unchanged, suggesting that other molecules besides CrebA may be involved in dendritic branching. Taken together, our results provide valuable insight into the understanding of dendritic pathology associated with C9-ALS/FTD.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

A mutant tryptophan synthase $\alpha$-subunit, where Pro28 was replaced with Leu, tends to be expressed in recombinant E. coli. CD and fluorescence spectra of this protein indicate some changes in secondary and tertiary structure. Wild type protein was more or less affected by {TEX}$Ca^{2+}${/TEX} ion in regards of the fluorescent properties of its native, unfolded and intermediate forms, but the mutant protein was not at all. The dramatic structural changes may be related to the aggregation of this mutant protein.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to find the effect of Phragmitis Rhizoma (PR) herbal-acupuncture solution on the inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion in human mast cell (HMC) and human alveolar epithelial cell 549 (A549) lines. Methods: Histamine levels in HMC after PR herbal-acupuncture solution treatment were measured with ELISA. Other cytokines and chemokines levels such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (Ccl5, RANTES) in A549 were measured with flow cytometry CBA system. Results: In the PR herbal-acupuncture solution treatment group, the expression of histamine, IL-8, MPC-1, Ccl5, and RANTES decreased significantly. Conclusions: The results support that PR herbal-acupuncture solution had a suppressive effect on cytokine-induced inflammation.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.72.2-73
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• 2003

We found a soybean (Glycine max) cultivar 561 that was strongly resistant to a virulent bacterial strain of a Pseudomonas spp. Further identification revealed that the Pseudomonas spp. was a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore we identified specific genes involved in the resistance of soybean 561 and analyzed the pattern of gene expression against the Pseudomonas infection using differential-display reverse transcription PCR (DDRT-PCR). More than 126 cDNA fragments representing mRNAs were induced within 48 hours of bacteria inoculation. Among them, 28 cDNA fragments were cloned and sequenced. Twelve differentially displayed clones with open reading frames had unknown functions. Sixteen selected cDNA clones were homologous to known genes in the other organisms. Some of the identified cDNAs were pathogenesis-related genes (PR genes) and PR-like genes. These cDNAs included a putative calmodulin-binding protein, an endo-1,3-1,4-b-D-glucanase, a b-1,3-endoglucanase, a b-1,3-exoglucanase, a phytochelatin synthetase-like gene, a thiol pretense, a cycloartenol synthase, and a putative receptor-like sorineithreonine protein kinase. Among them, we found that four genes were putative pathogenesis-related genes (PR) induced significantly by the p. aeruginosa infection. These included a calmodulin-binding protein gene, a b-1,3-endoglucanase gene, a receptor-like sorine/threonine protein kinase gene, and pS321 (unknown function). These results suggest that the differentially expressed genes may mediate the strong resistance of soybean 561 to Pseudomonas aeruoginosa.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives Ethanol is a potent inhibitor of muscle protein synthesis. Muscle mass is regulated by the balance between rates of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption inhibits synthesis to a greater extent than degradation. Protein synthesis is more intensely decreased in type II fibers than in type I fibers. Apoptosis has been shown to occur frequently in a variety of tissues in response to chronic alcohol feeding. Increased muscle fiber apoptosis has been shown in alcoholics with myopathy. Pueraria radix has been used for many disorders such as fevers, gastrointestinal disorders, muscle aches, allergies, respiratory problems, skin problems, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol and treating chronic alcoholism. We therefore tested the hypothesis that oral treatment with Pueraria radix could reduce the ethanol-induced muscle atrophy. Methods Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5 ml/kg, body weight) daily with Ethanol for 4 weeks. Normal group was similarly administrated with saline. The Rats of Pueraria radix treated group (EtOH+PR) were orally administrated Pueraria radix water extract, and rats of EtOH group were given with the vehicle only. After 4 week, the morphology of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The immunoreactivities of pre-apoptotic BAX and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins were also measured. Results The muscles from rats of EtOH group represented a significant reduction in average cross section area compared to Normal group. EtOH+PR group had increased fiber compared to the EtOH group. Moreover, to investigate the ethanol-induced muscular apoptosis, the immunohistochemical analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 was carried out. The treatment with Pueraria radix (EtOH+PR) significantly decreased BAX expression and increased Bcl-2 expression 4 weeks after ethanol administration when compared with Normal group. Conclusions These results suggest that Pueraria radix water extract has protective effects on chronic alcohol induced myopathy.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.782-787
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• 2009

In prion disease, spongiform neurodegeneration is preceded by earlier synaptic dysfunction. There is evidence that soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) complex formation is reduced in scrapie-infected in vivo models, which might explain this synaptic dysfunction because SNARE complex plays a crucial role in neuroexocytosis. In the present study, however, it is shown that prion protein (PrP) does not interfere with SNARE complex formation of 3 SNARE proteins: syntaxin 1a, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant complex formation, SNAREdriven membrane fusion, and neuroexocytosis of PC12 cells were not altered by PrP. Thus, PrP does not alter synaptic function by directly interfering with SNARE complex formation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2011

에틸렌 생합성 효소인 ACC oxidase 유전자인 CAO cDNA가 antisense 방향으로 도입된 형질전환 담배 식물체는 endogenous한 NtACO의 발현 및 에틸렌 생합성이 모두 억제되었다. 또한 폴리아민 생합성 효소인 SAMDC의 유전자 발현 및 효소 활성이 증가하였고 spermidine 함량이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 에틸렌 생합성의 감소로 인하여 세포 내 폴리아민 함량의 변화가 유도되는 경쟁적 관계로 spermidine이 증가하였고 이것은 SAMDC의 발현 및 활성 증가를 유도하였다고 여겨진다. 또한 이들 형질전환 식물체는 담배 역병균에 대한 저항 효과 뿐만 아니라 PR 단백질의 유전자들의 발현양이 증가하였는데 이는 에틸렌 감소에 유도되는 폴리아민 중에서도 spermidine의 증가가 PR 단백질의 유전자들의 발현을 촉진시키고 그 결과 병원균 감염에 대한 저항성을 유도하는 기작이 작동한 것으로 여겨진다. Spermidine을 합성하는데 중요하게 작용하는 SAMDC의 활성을 억제하는 MGBG를 처리한 경우에는 PR1a 발현이 억제된 경우에서 이 기작의 가능성을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 병원균 감염에 대한 과정에서 spermidine의 생합성이 증가하게 되면 PR 단백질 등 스트레스 저항성 관련 단백질들이 유도되어 스트레스 저항성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to confer disease resistance to plants. Bacillus sp. JS demonstrated antifungal activities against five fungal pathogens in in vitro assays. To verify whether the volatiles of Bacillus sp. JS confer disease resistance, tobacco leaves pre-treated with the volatiles were damaged by the fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani and oomycete Phytophthora nicotianae. Pre-treated tobacco leaves had smaller lesion than the control plant leaves. In pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression analysis, volatiles of Bacillus sp. JS caused the up-regulation of PR-2 encoding ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase and acidic PR-3 encoding chitinase. Expression of acidic PR-4 encoding chitinase and acidic PR-9 encoding peroxidase increased gradually after exposure of the volatiles to Bacillus sp. JS. Basic PR-14 encoding lipid transfer protein was also increased. However, PR-1 genes, as markers of salicylic acid (SA) induced resistance, were not expressed. These results suggested that the volatiles of Bacillus sp. JS confer disease resistance against fungal and oomycete pathogens through PR genes expression.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.897-902
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• 2001

The protein back-extraction processes were discussed from the viewpoint of the micelle-micelle interaction. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) suppressing the cluster formation of reverse micelle (positive value of ${\beta}pr)$ has the high back-extra cted fraction (Eb), but cytochrome c enhancing the formation of reverse micelle (negative value of ${\beta}pr)$ has the low back-extracted fraction, relatively. We have also examined quantitatively the effects of alcohol addition and protein solubilization on the percolation process of reverse micelle. The alcohols suppressing the formation of micellar cluster (high values of ${\beta}t)$, remarkably improved the back-extraction rates of BSA and cytochrome c. The values of ${\beta}t$, defined by the variation of percolation process, and the back-extraction behavior of proteins have a good linear correlation. These results indicate that the micelle-micelle interaction or micellar clustering plays an important role in the back-extraction process of proteins.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2002년도 제9회 학술 발표회 프로그램과 논문초록
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• pp.29-29
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• 2002

In response to fungal invasion and other signals, plants accumulate a number of proteins that are involved in defense against pathogens. Osmotin is a 24 kDa protein belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein, a component of the hypersensitive response in leaves of tobacco plants exposed to tobacco mosaic virus.(omitted)