• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.113-117
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• 2002

PID controllers, which have been widely used in industry, have a simple structure and robustness to modeling error. But it is difficult to have uniformly good control performance in system parameters variation or different velocity command. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear adaptive PR controller based on an Immune feedback mechanism and a gradient descent teaming. This algorithm has a simple structure and robustness to system parameters variation. To verify performances of the proposed nonlinear adaptive PID controller, the speed control of nonlinear DC motor Is peformed. The simulation results show that the proposed control systems are effective in tracking a command velocity under system parameters variation

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.283-297
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• 2009

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has become an important concern in food safety. Until now, 36 cases of BSE have been detected in Japan. Control programs have led to a decrease in the annual numbers, and Japan has now been categorized as a "controlled risk" country by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE). In spite of a worldwide decrease in the number of BSE cases, sporadic occurrences of atypical BSE cases have been reported. In Japan, 2 atypical BSE cases were confirmed. A Japanese L-type-BSE (BSE/JP24) has exhibited transmissibility to bovinized transgenic mice (TgBoPrP) it has a shorter incubation period than that of classical BSE. Although the origin of atypical BSE is obscure, risk analysis of newly emerged BSE prions of cattle and humans is required.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2000

Turbulent natural convective flow and heat transfer in a square enclosure with horizontal partition are investigated numerically. The enclosure is composed of a lower hot and a upper cold horizontal walls and adiabatic vertical walls. Partitions carried with the upward, downward, and both control plates are attached perpendicularly to the one of the vertical insulated walls, respectively. The low Reynolds number $k-\varepsilon$ model is adopted to calculate the turbulent thermal convection. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method with Galerkin method. The computations have been carried out by varying the length of partition, the position of control plates, and the Rayleigh number based on the temperature difference between two horizontal walls and the enclosure height for water(Pr=4.95). When the control plates are attached at the edge of partition, the stability of oscillating flow grows wrose with the increase of Rayleigh number and the partition length. The heat transfer rate has been reducer than that of no control plate due to the restraint of control plates with the increase of Rayleigh number.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7171-7177
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• 2013

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy regimen with or without doxorubicin in treating patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 56 patients histologically confirmed with STS who were treated at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute from July 2011 to June 2012.The basic element of first line chemotherapy contained epirubicin in group B and lacked epirubicin in group A. Response was assessed using RECIST criteria. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progress free survival (PFS). Results: According to RECIST criteria, patients in group treated by chemotherapy without epirubicin, the objective response (OR) ratio was 6.5 % (CR0%+PR6.5%). Disease control rate (DCR=CR+PR+SD) was 25.8% with a median follow-up of 14.6 months, including 2 patients achieving a partial response (PR 6.5%) and a stable response (SD 19.4%) in 6. In group B with epirubicin based regimens, no patient had complete response, PR (28 %) was observed in 7 and SD (24 %) in 6. DCR was observed in 13 patients (52%). By Fisher's exact test, the DCR difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.046). In group A, median PFS was 3.0 months (95%CI:2.1-3.8), compared with 4.0 months (95% CI:3.03-4.97) in group B (p=0.0397 by log-rank test). Epirubicin based chemotherapy and ECOG performance status 0-1 were identified as favorable factors for progression in our cohort of patients. Differences of nonhematologic and hematologic toxicities were not statistically significant between the two groups, and the addition of epirobicin was not associated with cardiac toxicity (p=0.446). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that epirubicin-based chemotherapy is effective and well tolerated, and is superior to chemotherapy without epirubicin regarding efficacy. Therefore it is recommended that epirubicin-based chemotherapy should be considered as first line for patients with advanced STS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

A reproducible transformation system via optimized regeneration media for Korean rice cultivars was established using Agrobacterium tumefeciens LBA4404 (pSBM-PPGN; gusA and bar). Although japonica rice genotypes were easier to produce transgenic plants compared to Tongil type cultivars, transformation efficiencies were not always correlated with regeneration efficiencies of non-transgenic callus on the control medium. Regeneration efficiencies of Donganbyeo, Ilmibyeo, and Manchubyeo were over 50% in non-transgenic control, however, transformation efficiencies were significantly low when only sucrose was added to the media as a carbon source. However, the medium, MSRK5SS-Pr (or MSRK5SM-Pr), that contains $5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, $0.5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ NAA, 2 % sucrose (or maltose), 3% sorbitol, and $500\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ proline, was the most efficient not only for regeneration of non-transgenic callus but also for regeneration of transgenic callus in the presence of L-phosphinotricin (PPT). Average transformation efficiencies of 16 Korean rice cultivars were significantly enhanced by using the optimized medium from 1.5% to 5.8% in independent callus lines and from 2.9% to 19.4% in tromsgenic plants obained. Approximately 98.9% (876 out of 885) transgenic plants obtained on optimized media showed basta resistance. Stable integration, inheritance and expression of gusA and bar genes were continued by GUS assay and PCR and Southern analysis of the bar gene. With Pst1 digestion of genomic DNA of transgenic plants, one to five copies of T-DNA segment were observed; however, 76% (19 out of 25 transgenic plants) has low copy number of T-DNA. The transformants obtained from one callus line showed the same copy numbers with the same fractionized band patterns.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.208-222
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• 1983

To control ideally the weeds in orchards and systematize the utility of herbicides, the mixing effect of oxyfluorfen and paraquat was evaluated. Combinations of oxyfluorfen with paraquat were increased the control efficacies at any treatment without giving damage to fruit trees and appeared a synergism. The control effects were reduced from 80-90% to 40-60% as the time advanced. However, the relative synergistic index was higher at 60 days after treatment in preemergence treatment and at 90 days after treatment in early and late postemergence treatment, respectively. Also the index was relatively higher at lower dosage of both herbicides.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

Purpose : Despite a development of therapeutic machines and advance in modern radiation therapy techniques, locally advanced cervical carcinoma has shown high rate of local failure and poor survival rate, Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated benefit in improving local control and possibly the overall survival. Our study was performed to evaluate effect of concurrent chemoradiation on locally advanced uterine cervical cancer. Methods and Materials : Twenty six patients with locally advanced stage(FIGO stage IIB with ${\geq}5cm$ in diameter, III, IVA) were treated with combination of radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatinum between May of 1988 and September of 1993 at our hospital. Radiation therapy consisted of external irradiaton and 1-2 sessions of intracavitary irradiation. Cisplatinum was administered in bolus injection of 25mg/$m^2$ at weekly intervals during the course of external radiation therapy. Results : Of the 26 Patients, twenty-five patients were evaluable for estimation of response. Median follow-up period was 25 months with ranges from 3 to 73 months. Stage IIB, III, and IVA were 16, 5, 4 patients, respectively, Twenty patients were squamous cell carcinoma. Response was noted in all 25 patients: complete response(CR) in 17/25($68\%$), Partial response(PR) in 8/25($32\%$). Of the 24 patients except one who died of sepsis at 3 months follow-up, seventeen patients($70.8\%$) maintained local control in the pelvis: 16/17($94.1\%$) in CR, 1/17($14.3\%$) in PR. Fourteen of the 17 patients with CR are alive disease free on the completion of follow-up. Median survival is 28 months for CR and 15 months for PR. Analysis of 5-year survival by stage shows 11/16($59.8\%$) in IIB, 3/5($60.0\%$) in III, and 1/4($25.0\%$) in IVA. Overall 5-year survival rate was $55.2\%$. Ten patients recurred: 4 at locoregional, 3 in distant metastasis and 3 with locoregional and distant site. Toxicity by addition of cisplatinum was not excessive. Conclusion : Although the result of this study was obtained from small number of patients, it is rather encouraging in view of markedly improved response rate compared with the results of historical group.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2010

Objective: We investigated the oral malodor inhibitory effect of Scutellariae Radix (SR), Phellodendri Cortex (PC), Moutan Cortex (MTC) and Magnoliae Cortex (MGC) for the development of a gargle solution. Methods: 1. Against P. gingivalis and Pr. intermedia, the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the change of viable cells that were exposed to 1% each herbal extract were observed. 2. Deodorizing activity of 2% herbal extract and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$ against methyl mercaptan were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC). 3. We used the salivary sediment system (SSS) as the malodor model. 4. The clinical examination was repeated 3 times by 2 subjects by $Halimeter^{(R)}$. Baseline VSC of each subject was measured. Then, the control subject gargled with cysteine for 30 sec. After 4 min, subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with herbal extracts (2%) and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. Subsequently, the concentration of VSC was measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Results: 1. Against P. gingivalis, MBC of SR, PC and MTC was 0.1%, and MBC of MGC was 1%. Removal time of P. gingivalis was as follows; 5 hr in MGC, 24 hr in SR and PC, and 48 hr in MTC. Against Pr. intermedia, MBC of SR and PC was 0.5%, and MBC of MTC, MGC was 1%. Removal time of Pr. intermedia was as follows; 5 hr in MTC and 24 hr in SR, PC and MGC. 2. Deodorizing effect of herbal extracts against methyl mercaptan was as follows; MGC and MTC had 100%, SR had 82.22%, PC had 66.60%, Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$ had 40.54%. 3. In the experiment using SSS, PC and MTC had statistically significant malodor-inhibitory effects (p<.05). 4. In the clinical examination, PC and MGC had statistically significant inhibitory effects at every elapsed time compared to the control subject. MTC had that until 40 min. SR had that at 0, 4, 8, 20, and 60 min. Conclusions: SR, PC, MTC and MGC have an antibacterial effect and the chemical removable activity of the oral malodor caused by VSC. These four herbs could have potential as effective anti-malodor agents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1998

Object：The authors compared the attention-deficit hyperactivity(ADH) symptoms in childhood of adult male patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and normal control subjects and attempted to find out whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder are related each other. Method：The authors compared ADH symptoms in childhood assessed with Wender Utah Rating Scale(WURS), selected 25 items of WURS(WURS-25), and Parent Rating Scale(PRS), and compared them between 26 bipolar, 29 schizophrenic, and 27 normal control subjects. Result：The subjects with bipolar disorder had significantly higher mean score of WURS compared with normal control group(One-way ANOVA, duncan test, WURS：DF=2, F=3.77 p=0.027), and the differences between the mean scores of WURS-25 and PRS of bipolar subjects and the other two groups were also highly significant(One-way ANOVA, Duncan test, WURS-25：DF=2, F=4.24 p=0.0178, PRS：DF=2, F=13.97 p<0.001). The mean scores of WURS, WURS-25, and PRS of schizophrenic subjects were higher than those of normal control group, though not significant. WURS and PRS were correlated for subjects with bipolar disorder(r=0.7495) and the normal control(r=0.5305), and there was no correlation for schizophrenic subjects. Conclusion：The ADH symptoms in childhood were much more evident for adult bipolar subjects than schizophrenic and normal control subjects. And these results are very suggestive that there might be some relationship between bipolar disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and these two disorders might have a shared common pathophysiology which needs further study.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-47
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• 2007

Owing to the rapid growth of using the Internet, not only click-and-mortar companies but also brick-and-mortar ones have been expanding their distribution channels into online, Moreover, since online channels are more attractive than offline ones in control and maintenance, switching customers into online ones is emerged as one of very important managerial issues in a view of reduction of cost as well as expansion of services. However, the switched customers should be faced by uncertainties which could not have been experienced in offline. Specifically, in online channels, buyers and sellers are separated temporally and spacially and there are always so many kinds of threat for security as well as not enough systems and conventions for them yet. Therefore, trust has been considered as one of the most critical mechanisms for resolution of such uncertainties in online transactions. However, it is not easy to build and maintain the relationships in online since most of them are virtual and indirect generally. Therefore, in order to switch offline customers into online ones, it is very important to make strategies based on identification of the relationship between online transaction and offline trust which has been built in offline business. Generally offline trust, which has been built independent of online, could not include trust for online-dependent activities such as payment security during or after transactions, while most of online trust include it. Therefore, a customer with high offline trust does not always perceive high security and assure safe transactions. Accordingly, while online trust, where technical capabilities for online security is one of main bases, includes control trust implicitly or explicitly, offline trust does not. However. in spite of such clear discrimination and independence between offline trust and perceived security, there can be the significant dependency between these two beliefs. The customers with high offline trust believe that the company would do some activities for online security for customers' safe transactions since it has been believed of doing well for customers' trust. Theoretically, users' perception of security is interpreted as a kind of control trus, which is trust for company's technical control capacities in order to resolve technical uncertainties in online. Therefore, the relationship between two beliefs can be considered as transference from offline trust to another type trust. that is, control trust. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of offline trust on online transaction uses mediated by perceived security. For this purpose, we suggest a research model based on technology acceptance model (TAM). Reuse intention is adopted as a dependent variable and TAM is modified by adding perceived risk (PR) as well as two beliefs of using Internet banking, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Moreover, perceive security (PS) is adopted as an external variable for PR and PU, while offline trust (OT) is an antecedent of PS. For an empirical test, sampling from 108 visitors to the banks in Daegu, Korea, we analyze our model by partial least square (PLS) approach. In result, our model is shown to explain 51.4% of the variance in reuse intention and all hypothesis are supported statistically. A theoretical implication of this study is to identify a role of PS between offline trust and reuse intention of using online transaction services. According to our result, PS can be considered as a mediation variable for bridging between two different concepts: trust that explains social aspects of customers and companies, and TAM that explains customers' reuse intention.