• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1976

Around 2nd century B. C. two varieties of apple, i. e. 'Nay' and 'Imgum' were already grown in China. It can be suspected that 'Nay' came from the West because of its popular word 'Pyn Por' and 'Imgum' was originated from North East Asia because of its word 'Lii Kiem'. After this time 'Imgum' was called as its popular name 'Sha Guoo' in about 15 th century. In 17th century a new variety of 'Nay' was named as 'Pyng Guoo' and this name was replaced with 'Nay' when the variety was widely supplied. In 19th century a better variety of 'Nay' was developed in the West and it was introduced into China in 20th century which was called 'Western Pyng Guoo'. As a result there were two kinds of 'Pyng Guoo', i. e. 'Chinese Pyng Guoo' and 'Western Pyng Guoo'. However, the 'Western Pyng Guoo' was more supplied and it was said 'Pyng Guoo' which was written as 'Pyng Guoo(?果)' or 'Pyng Guoo (平果)'. At present time apples were classified into 'Sha Guoo' and 'Pyng Guoo'. The old 'Nay' is now called 'Bin Tzyy' which is hardly found. From this study it is suspected that the history of Chinese apples were affected much on our introduction history and its naming.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.351-360
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• 2010

A new species of the Cletopsyllidae belonging to the genus Isocletopsyllus Huys and Lee, 1999 is described from the materials collected from subtidal sandy bottoms at Jeju Island and Ulleung Island, Korea. So far, only two species of the genus Isocletopsyllus, viz. I. tertius (Por, 1964) from Israel and I. quartus (Soyer, 1966) from Banyuls-sur-Mer (France) are recorded, both from the Mediterranean Ocean. The new species can be clearly distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) female antennule with a large process on the outer margin of first segment, (2) caudal rami with a bulbous proximal inner expansion, and shorter than those of other species (about four times long as wide in the new species), (3) second segment of P1 exopod with a short rod-like inner seta, (4) sexual dimorphism presented in the second endopodal segment of male P2, not in exopod of P4, and (6) female P5 with a very long exopod with very short second outer seta. A table comparing the modifications of swimming legs in the family Cletopsyllidae Huys and Lee, 1999 is presented. This is the first record of this family from Korea.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.200-211
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• 1997

Most recently, offshore Engineering & Construction field is concerned about integration management technology such as CIM(Computer Integrated Manufacturing), PDM(Product Data Management) and Enterprise Information Engineering in order to cope with the rapid change of engineering and manufacturer specification as per owner's requirement during construction stage of the project. System integration and integrated data modeling with relational database in integration management technology improve the quality of product and reduce the period of the construction project by reason of owing design information jointly. This paper represents the design methodology of system integration using Business Process Reengineering by the case study. The case study is about the offshore plant material information process from front end engineering design to detail engineering for the construction and the basis of monitoring system by integrating and sharing the design information between the 2D intelligent P&ID and 3D plant modeling using relational database. As a result of the integrated data modeling and system integration, it is possible to maintain the consistency of design process in point of view of the material balancing and reduce the design assumption/duration. Near future, this system will be expanded and connected with the MRP(Material Requirement Planing) and the POR (Purchase Order Requisition) system.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.349-374
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• 2010

En realidad ningún otro cineasta español que Pedro Almodóvar ha centrado tan obsesivamente en Madrid. Casi todas sus obras se ocupan de la capital de España como espacio cinematográfico. Como uno de los protagonistas de La Movida, Almodóvar es un producto de Madrid de la Transición que dió luz a la nueva sociedad democrática. En principio, Madrid en las películas de Almodóvar se convierte en un espacio carnavalesco desde la perspectiva bajtiniana. El crítico ruso ha exaltado la plaza pública de los pueblos medievales europeos como el espacio carnavalesco en el que los contactos libres y familiares se realizan y el principio de lo corporal y lo material predomina. Para Bajtín, el carnaval es básicamente un rito político en el que el individuo parece dotado de una segunda vida que le permite establecer nuevas relaciones verdaderamente humanas con sus semejantes sin ninguna represión. Así que en el mundo carnavalesco todo lo sagrado, lo oficial y lo privilegiado se destronan, y en cambio lo grosero, lo extra-oficial y lo bajo se reivindican. Como los participantes del carnaval, los personajes de Almodóvar disfrutan de una segunda vida en un Madrid del mundo al revés. Por otra parte, la representación carnavalesca de Madrid tiene una tradición rica y larga en el arte español. Entre muchos artistas Goya, Arniches, Valle-Inclán y Buñuel son los antecedentes destacados de esta tradición. Así pues se puede concluir que la estética del cine de Almodóvar está anclada en la tradición hispánica del carnavalismo más bien que la estética global de la posmodernidad.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.65-89
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• 2009

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una explicación simplificada pero suficiente sobre el uso de las formas pronominales de tratamiento en los países de habla española, y hacer una propuesta para la enseñanza de los pronombres de tratamiento en la enseñanza del español en Corea. En la actualidad, en el mundo hispánico existen varios sistemas de tratamiento pronominal. La distribución dialectal de sus formas es bastante complicada. En la norma de España se usa el tú para el trato informal en oposición con el usted para el trato formal. Mientras tanto, en Hispanoamérica se usan el tú y el vos para el trato informal, y el usted para el trato formal. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las gramáticas didácticas y manuales no ofrece una explicación suficiente en cuanto a las diferencias de las formas y el uso de los pronombres de tratamiento. En Corea, en la mayoría de las clases de español se enseñan sólo la norma de España, que es minoitaria entre la comunidad global de hispanohablantes. Eso no les permitiría a los estudiantes tener una interacción exitosa con personas que dominen otras normas del tratamiento pronominal. Para que los alumnos tengan una competencia comunicativa que sea lo más universalmente válida, es necesario ofrecer una perspectiva de los fenómenos lingüísticos y culturales que toman en cuenta las variedades del sistema del tratamiento pronominal que se usan hoy en día en el dominio hispánico. Por último, los intereses y el nivel de los alumnos son variables que determinan qué o cuánto hacer en la enseñanza de las formas pronominales de tratamiento.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.287-317
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• 2011

En este trabajo tratamos de investigar el proceso la constitución nacional de la República Argentina moderna, enfocando en la contradicción entre los federales y los unitarios. En el capítulo II, ante todo hemos definido el origen y el contexto de formación de cada ideología y partido. El centro de los federales estaba en las provincias interiores y litorales, mientras que los unitarios hacen de centro la provincia de Buenos Aires. En el capítulo III, mostramos las causas de esta contradicción histórica y tratamos de caracterizar las diferencias. Explícitamente el conflicto se basa en la distinción de la visión política e ideológica, es decir, la distinción de cómo orientar la constitución nacional de la república incipiente. Sin embargo, es inevitable referir la división administrativa histórica durante la época colonial. Al mismo tiempo no debemos faltar el conflicto de interés económico respecto al puerto de Buenos Aires. En el capítulo IV, analizamos comparando las ideas de dos intelectuales, las cuales hacen un papel importante en la organización nacional. Primero analizamos el pensamiento civilizatorio de Sarmiento, y después, demostramos el pensamiento federalista de Alberdi como origen de la constitución argentina de 1853, y de la inmigración europea. Como consecuencia del estudio, podemos llegar a la conclusión de que los esfuerzos por realizar la organización nacional no siempre estaban en línea paralela de ambos partidos divididos, sino tenemos un ejemplo dialéctico y combinatorio como el caso de Alberdi.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.20-23
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• 2004

Tropospheric and ionospheric scintillation may impact on C-band satellite communication systems, particularly at lowmargin systems and low elevation angles. This paper presents the characteristics of C-Band scintillation at low elevation angle received and recorded the satellite signal from INTELSAT above the Pacific Ocean Region (POR) from January 2002 to December 2002 in the period of solar maximum. We received 3.9525 GHz beacon signal at Sri-Racha satellite earth station by the 32 meters in diameter antenna with 8 degrees of elevation. The analysis was found that the values of amplitude fluctuation is mostly about 0.5-0.6 dB peak to peak and $S_4$ = 0.03-0.04. The maximum amplitude fluctuation is about 9 dB peak to peak occurring in April. The occurrence numbers of scintillation is most frequently in April and minimum in November. The occurrence numbers of tropospheric scintillation are most frequently in April and October, and minimum in November. It relates to temperature and water vapor pressure variation in $N_{wet} $. The occurrence numbers of ionospheric scintillation are most frequently in April and September, and minimum in November. It varies corresponding to both equinoctial periods (vernal and autumnal equinox in March and September) and solstice periods (June and December) respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.2851-2873
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• 2016

Cloud storage as a service provides high scalability and availability as per need of user, without large investment on infrastructure. However, data security risks, such as confidentiality, privacy, and integrity of the outsourced data are associated with the cloud-computing model. Over the year's techniques such as, remote data checking (RDC), data integrity protection (DIP), provable data possession (PDP), proof of storage (POS), and proof of retrievability (POR) have been devised to frequently and securely check the integrity of outsourced data. In this paper, we improve the efficiency of PDP scheme, in terms of computation, storage, and communication cost for large data archives. By utilizing the capabilities of JAR and ZIP technology, the cost of searching the metadata in proof generation process is reduced from O(n) to O(1). Moreover, due to direct access to metadata, disk I/O cost is reduced and resulting in 50 to 60 time faster proof generation for large datasets. Furthermore, our proposed scheme achieved 50% reduction in storage size of data and respective metadata that result in providing storage and communication efficiency.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.709-715
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• 2014

Background The distally based sural artery flap is a reliable, local reconstructive option for small soft tissue defects of the distal third of the leg. The purpose of this study is to describe an adipofascial flap based on a single sural nerve branch without sacrificing the entire sural nerve, thereby preserving sensibility of the lateral foot. Methods The posterior aspect of the lower limb was dissected in 15 cadaveric limbs. Four patients with soft tissue defects over the tendo-achilles and ankle underwent reconstruction using the adipofascial flap, which incorporated the distal peroneal perforator, short saphenous vein, and a single branch of the sural nerve. Results From the anatomical study, the distal peroneal perforator was situated at an average of 6.2 cm (2.5-12 cm) from the distal tip of the lateral malleolus. The medial and lateral sural nerve branches ran subfascially and pierced the muscle fascia 16 cm (14-19 cm) proximal to the lateral malleolus to enter the subcutaneous plane. They merged 1-2 cm distal to the subcutaneous entry point to form the common sural nerve at a mean distance of 14.5 cm (11.5-18 cm) proximal to the lateral malleolus. This merging point determined the pivot point of the flap. In the clinical cases, all patients reported near complete recovery of sensation over the lateral foot six months after surgery. All donor sites healed well with a full range of motion over the foot and ankle. Conclusions The distally based sural artery adipofascial flap allowed for minimal sensory loss, a good range of motion, an aesthetically acceptable outcome and can be performed by a single surgeon in under 2 hours.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.418-428
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between low blood lead levels and increasing blood pressure among Korean adults using a nationally representative sample of the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008. Methods: A total of 918 subjects aged 40 and older and not currently being treated for hypertension participated in this study. Information about age, gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, education level, and the use of anti-hypertensive medication was collected. The blood pressure was defined as the mean of the second and the third measurements after three time measurements. Lead levels were determined by an analysis of blood samples. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were implemented after adjusting for covariates including age, gender, educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and BMI. Results: This study showed that the average differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure comparing the lowest to highest quintile of blood lead were 4.33 mmHg (95% CI, 0.66-8.00; p for trend = 0.027) and 2.66 mmHg (95% CI, 0.26-5.06; p for trend = 0.021), respectively. After multivariate adjustment for covariates, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) of subjects in the highest quintile was associated with a 1.70-fold increase in the risks of hypertension (95% CI, 0.83-3.49; p for trend test = 0.112) over those in the lowest quintile of blood lead concentration, However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study provided evidence for an association between low- levels of blood lead and elevations in blood pressure and risk for hypertension in the general population of Korea.