• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.1 s.56
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• pp.103-128
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• 1997

The object of this study is to evaluate the possibility of chemical-induced liver disorder among workers exposed to various chemicals and to classify the the liver function abnormalities by causes and to analyse the risk factors for each liver disorders. A cross-sectional study including questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory tests and ultrasonography of liver was conducted on 1,126 workers, 459 workers in a coal chemical plant(company A) and 667 workers in an insulation material manufacturing factory(company B). An industrial hygienist reviewed the chemicals used in both companies and evaluated the work environments to classify the workers by chemical exposure semiquantitatively. The results are as follows: 1. Of 459 workers in company A, 83 workers(18.1%) are classified as nonexposed, group 163(35,5%) as short-term exposure group, 155(33.8%) as intermediately exposed group and 58(12.6%) as long-term exposed group bared on the mean daily exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals evaluated by an industrial hygienist. Of 667 workers in company B, 484(72.6%) workers were classified as nonexposed and 183(35.5%) as exposed group. 2. Workers with SGOT level higher than 40 IU/l were (10.0%) in company A and 77(11.5%) in company 3, and those with SGPT level higher than 35 IU/l were 118(25.7%) in company A and 198(29.7%) in company B. The differences were not significant between companies and between exposure groups(p>0.05). Workers with $\gamma-GT$ level higher than 62 IU/l were 29(6.3%) in company A and 77(11.5%) in company B (p<0.01). The difference between exposure groups was not significant(p>0.05) within companies. Workers with liver function abnormalities(defined as SGOT higher than 40 IU/l or SGPT higher than 35 IU/l) were 338(30.0%) among 1,126 workers. Of 338 workers with live. function abnormalities 139(12.3%) had fatty liver by ultrasonography, 79(7.0%) had alcoholic liver(defined as workers with liver function abnormalities with weekly alcohol consumption greater than 280 g for more than 5 years), 54(4.8%) had hepatitis B, 12(1.1%) had hepatitis C and the other 114(33.7%) was not otherwise classified. Prevalences of alcoholic liver and fatty liver were significantly lower in company A(prevalence ratio 0.24 for alcoholic liver, p<0.001, prevalence ratio 0.76 for fatty liver, p<0.05) but prevalences of liver disorders between exposure groups within companies were not significant(p>0.05). 3. Summary prevalence ratios(SPR) of live. function abnormalities, fatty live. and other liver disorders, adjusted by age and company were not significantly higher in exposed group in any chemicals(p>0.05) but in some chemicals, SPRs were significantly lower. 4. On simple analysis of risk factors for liver function abnormalities, prevalence odds ratio(POR) of those with age between 30 and 39 was 1.54(p<0.01) and those with age ever 40 was 1.51(p<0.01). POR of those with histories of liver disorders and general anesthesia was 1.77(p<0.001) and 4.02 for those with overweight and 6.23 for those with obesity, defined by body mass index(p<0.001). 5. On logistic regression analysis, risk factors of liver function abnormality were fatty liver(POR 2.92 for grade 1, 12.15 for grade 2), presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 3.62) and obesity(POR 5.38 for overweight and 16.52 for obesity). Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 0.18) was the only preventive facto. of fatty live. Company(POR 0.30) and obesity(POR 2.49 for overweight, 4.52 for obesity) were related to the alcoholic live. Obesity(POR 2.94 for overweight) was the only significant risk factor of hepatitis B and there was no significant risk factor for liver function abnormality not otherwise classified. It is concluded that the evidence of liver disorder related with chemical exposure is not evident in these factories. It is also postulated that fatty liver and alcoholic liver is most common causes of liver function abnormalities among workers and effort for weight control and improvement of life style should be done.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.254-255
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.178-179
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• 2006

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4599-4608
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• 2016

Background: The x-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) encodes a protein involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway for double-strand DNA repair. Associations of the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism with various cancers have been widely reported. However, published data on links between XRCC3 Thr241Met and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk are inconsistent. Objective and Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted to characterize the relationship between XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphisms and GI cancer risk. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95.0% confidence intervals were assessed using random- or fixed- effect models for 28.0 relevant articles with 30.0 studies containing 7,649.0 cases and 11,123.0 controls. Results: The results of the overall meta-analysis suggested a borderline association between the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and GI cancer susceptibility (T vs. C: OR=1.18, 9 % CI=1.0-1.4, POR=0.04; TT vs. CT+CC: OR=1.3, 95 % CI=1.0-1.6, POR=0.04). After removing studies not conforming to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), however, this association disappeared (T vs. C: OR=1.00, 95 % CI=0.9-1.1, POR=0.96; TT vs. CT+CC: OR=0.9, 95 % CI=0.8-1.1, POR=0.72). When stratified by ethnicity, source of controls or cancer type, although some associations between XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism and GI cancer susceptibility were detected, these associations no longer existed after removing studies not conforming to HWE. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism is not associated with risk of GI cancer based on current evidence.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-86
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• 2010

Después de la década 1990, la soja ha sido un agro-producto más importante en Paraguay. Pero la soja ha convertido el campo rural en la zona de la producción, es decir, la zona de sojización, para la exportación. Por otro lado, el campo rural se ha deteriorado por el aumento de la extensión del cultivo sojal. Los cultivos se extienden a lo largo de cientos de kilómetrios y afectan zonas muy cercanas a comunidades, colonias y otros asentamientos campesionos e indígenas, incluyendo escuelas, hogares, charcas familiares y comunitarias. Los sojeros utilizaron los agrotóxicos que contaminaron la tierra, agua y alimentos. Aunque los campesinos no quieren vender sus tierras, no ven otras alternativas ante los graves problemas que conllevan las masivas fumigaciones. Ellos venden sus lotes y migraron a ciudades. Se pierde la soberanía territorial, pues las tierras pasan a manos extranjeras, y la soberanía alimentaria, porque se desplaza la diversificación y los cultivos de subsistencia, expulsando a los campesions hacia las ciudades. Ante el agravamiento de la situación causado por el incremento del cultivo de la soja, los campesinos empezaron a resistir, es decir, desarrollar 'la guerra de la soja' contra los sojeros y el gobierno paraguayo que no tenia refuerzos de resolver los problemas. Los campesinos formaron coordinadoras por la defensa de sus tierras y de su modo de vida contra los sojeros. Las luchas y movilizaciones reclaman no sólo un nuevo tipo de reforma agraria sino también la defensa de la soberanía económica, alimentaria y territorial, el derecho a producir con la propia semilla y a desarrollar técnicas agrícolas adecuadas de acuerdo con la economía campesina y el equilibrio del medio ambiente, el desarrollo de formas sociales de producción y la democratización en el medio rural.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the association between exacerbated economic hardship during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and changes in the health behaviors of Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and included 44 908 students (22 823 boys and 22 085 girls) as study subjects. The dependent variables included changes in health behaviors (breakfast habits, physical activity, and alcohol use) that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggravation of economic hardship by COVID-19 and the subjective economic status of the family were used as exposure variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to calculate the prevalence odds ratios (PORs). Results: Severe exacerbation of a family's economic hardship due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with the health behaviors of adolescents, including increased breakfast skipping (POR, 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 2.21 for boys and POR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.92 for girls) and decreased physical activity (POR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.57 for boys and POR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.60 for girls). These negative changes in health behaviors were further amplified when combined with a low subjective family economic status. Conclusions: The experience of worsening household hardship can lead to negative changes in health behavior among adolescents. It is crucial to implement measures that address the economic challenges that arise from stressful events such as COVID-19 and to strive to improve the lifestyles of adolescents under such circumstances.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.12-33
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• 2022

Objectives: Since the importance of Korean Medicine (KM) treatment for Poor Ovarian Response (POR) is high, we intend to present appropriate treatment standards and methods by analyzing information on KM knowledge presented in related research papers and literature. Methods: First, research papers dealing with Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) and POR are analyzed. In addition, we analyze and refer to research papers on Premature Ovarian Failure and Premature Menopause, which are closely related to DOR. Results: It is considered that the application of KM treatment alone for DOR should be based on the age that best reflects the ovarian reserve rather than the value of the ovarian reserve-related index centered on Anti-Müllerian Hormine (AMH). Accordingly, as a DOR woman under the age of 38, if normal sexual intercourse is achieved and the spouse factor is excluded, KM treatment, focusing on herbal medicine and acupuncture, can be applied. Conclusions: Korean Medicine treatment for infertility caused by decreased ovarian reserve is expected to be effective. However, research on specific treatments and targets will have to be added.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-70
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• 2009

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar, do ponto de vista da alquimia, O Alquimia, considerado uma das obras mais representativas do escritor brasileiro Paulo Coelho. Para tanto, começamos a observar as características da alquimia à qual o próprio autor disse que dedicava 11 anos para estudá-la por volta da década de 1970 quando o mundo estava sofrendo grandes mudanças sociais. Desta observação, entendemos que, sendo uma projeção do 'inconsciente' conforme diz C. G. Jung, a essência da alquimia consiste resumidamente nos seguintes conceitos: união de elementos opostos, transformação e salvação. A partir daí, tentamos estudar como esses coneitos estão diluídos na estrutura de O Alquimia e como a experiência do Paulo Coelho com a alquimia interioriza-se no mundo literário dele. E entendemos que os conceitos simbólicos da alquimia e as mensagens que a experiência do escritor com a alquimia configura em suas obras literárias compartilham a quase mesma dimensão semântica. Percebemos também que em alguns aspectos as idéias do escritor consolidadas em torno da sua pesquisa da alquimia vão às vezes além dos conceitos genéricos da alquimia, atingindo assim uma dimensão bastante peculiar e fundamental para compreender melhor o seu universo literário: para ele que se declara católico, Deus não é católico nem islâmico, nem budista, nem hinduista. Por exemplo, ele diz que Deus é um só e é que o Seu nome varia dependendo da religião, porque cada religião precisa escolher um nome para chamá-lo.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 2011

O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar a influência de vocabulários de origem africana em uso no português brasileiro(PB). A fim disso, observamos os tipos e as características das línguas africanas. E ainda, para compreender a situação atual de uso desses termos no Brasil, apresentamos um panorama do registro dos vocábulos de origem africana no PB, e organizamos os vocabulários em três categorias, especialmente, nos registros dos séculos XIX e XX. Em primeiro, a categoria 1 pode ser usada em qualquer interação social, contrastando com as outras duas categorias. Em segundo, a categoria 2 é constuída de termos informais, de uso coloquial que, eventualmente, dependendo da situação, são substituídos por outras. Por último, a categoria 3 é de termos marcadamente informais, de uso restrito. Através disso, comparamos os registros anteriores com os dados obtidos da nossa pesquisa. Com os resultados, podemos reconhecer a estabilidade e o dinamismo do uso desses termos hoje no PB.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.34
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• pp.110-122
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• 2013

The Seven-story Stone Pagoda of Jeongamsa Temple consists of dolomitic limestone. The surface of the stone stupa is efflorescene. There are spaces between parts in the stereobate and part of roof at the fifth story and above. The space between parts is colonized by biological contaminants. There are breakaway parts in the third, fifth, sixth, seventh story. The dry and wet cleaning of all the biological contaminants, efflorescene. The steam cleaning of rest of efflorescene. The use of poultice with oxalic acid, were done to remove the rust. Breakaway parts are inosculated by L30 and Por-rok. Spaces between parts are waterproofing by Porrok. After treatment, the efflorescene of part of waterproofing are comparatively scarce. So waterproofing is effective at reduced efflorescene and waterproof.